April 2013
Brucellosis in Ethiopia
We reviewed the distribution of brucellosis in different regions of Ethiopia and its prevalence among different livestock hosts. In the absence of recent published documents, unpublished studies were cited to provide some information on distribution and importance of brucellosis in Ethiopia. Risk factors for the occurrence of brucellosis are also reviewed. Finally, different strategies for the control and prevention of...
April 2013
The challenges of foodborne pathogens and antimicrobial chemotherapy: A global perspective
Foodborne diseases remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the general population, particularly in vulnerable groups. These diseases emanate from either the toxin of the “disease-causing” microbe, or by the human body’s reactions to the microbe.More than 250 different types of viruses, bacteria, parasites, toxins, metals, and prions are associated with forborne diseases in humans, which are...
April 2013
Progress of antiviral mechanisms in the mulberry silkworm: A review
The silkworm Bombyx mori is both an important economic insect and also exploited as a powerful biological model system. Silkworm larvae often suffer from viral infections, especially the nuclear polyhedrosis virus, causing great losses to the sericulture. Insects have evolved many different ways to defend themselves against pathogens like fungi, bacteria, nematodes, but...
April 2013
One-hour loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the detection of quarantinable toxigenic Fusarium garmanirum
Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by several Fusarium species is one of the most serious diseases affecting wheat throughout the world. The in vitro production of the toxins deoxynivalenol, zearalenone fumonisin, T-2, and HT-2 was quantitvely evaluated in 8 different isolates of Fusarium species collected from feed samples. It was possible to detect zearalenone and the other mycotoxins in...
April 2013
Production, purification and characterization of L-glutaminase enzyme from Streptomyces avermitilis
Since the discovery of its anti-tumor properties, L-glutaminases have been in prime focus and microbial sources of the enzyme are sought. In the present study L-glutaminase from Streptomyces avermitilis was optimized and the results revealed that the optimum pH, temperature, inoculum size, incubation period and NaCl concentration for enzyme production were pH 8, 28°C, 5 ml/100 ml media...
April 2013
Rhinopharyngeal bacterial flora in 3 to 5 years old children from Yaoundé (Cameroon): Effects of extrinsic factors
We studied the composition, the factors influencing bacterial carriage in children rhinopharynx, and the susceptibility to antibiotics of some isolated strains. Rhinopharyngeal swabs were collected from 150 pupils aged between 3 and 5 years and submitted to qualitative and quantitative analysis using standard methods. The antibiotic sensitivity of potential pathogenic species was evaluated using disc diffusion. Factors...
April 2013
Management of some seed-borne pathogens attacking alfalfa plants in Saudi Arabia
Management and transmission of four seed-borne pathogenic fungi namely,Colletotrichum trifolii, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium equiseti and F. incarnatum were investigated on alfalfa plants. The pathogenicity test on alfalf plant showed that R. solaniand C. trifolii caused high percentages of rotted seeds and seedlings mortality (26.45, 26.1% and 31.6, 21.1% ,...
April 2013
Toxicity to Eldana saccharina of a recombinant Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus strain carrying a truncated Bacillus thuringiensis cry1Ac gene
The stalk borer Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a serious pest of sugarcane in Africa. Because E. saccharina larvae feed inside the stem of sugarcane, expression of insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis Cry proteins in sugarcane endophytes, such as Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, would enable the Cry proteins to be produced in the feeding zones of burrowing...
April 2013
Characterization of a Salmonella enterica serotype Pullorum isolated from a lizard co-habitating with poultry
Salmonella is one of the most important pathogens associated with gastrointestinal infections in warm-blooded animals. Lizards have been incriminated in the transmission ofSalmonellae and other enteric pathogens through contaminated soil, food, or water. In the current study, we characterized a Salmonella isolate, recovered from the small intestine of an Agama agama lizard captured in...
April 2013
Evaluation of bacterial and fungal contamination in hairdressing and beauty salons
A study was conducted to evaluate bacterial and fungal contamination in hairdressing and beauty salons in Anyigba - a university community in Nigeria. Samples were collected from six different salons located around Kogi State University, Anyigba. The samples were collected from combs, brushes, hair stretchers, rollers and hairpins and processed according to standard procedures. The isolates obtained were examined and...
April 2013
Record of three new Trichodina species (Protozoa, Ciliophora) parasitic on gills of freshwater fishes from Chongqing, China
The morphology of three ectoparasitic ciliates, Trichodina paraheterodentata sp. nov., Trichodina pseudominuta sp. nov. and Trichodina jialingensis sp. nov., parasitising the freshwater fishes from Chongqing, China, were investigated following dry silver nitrate and the methyl green-pyronin stain. T. paraheterodentatawas found on the skin of Siniperca chuatsi, and is distinguished...
April 2013
Protein profiling and physico-chemical characterization of an isolated phage against Brucella abortus strain 19
Bacteriophages have varied practical applications, so we did a basic study of the characteristics of an isolated phage against Brucella abortus for proper understanding of its general properties. Bacteriophage against B. abortus strain 19 was isolated from the sewage samples. Structural protein profiling of the isolated brucellaphage by SDS-PAGE revealed 4 bands of molecular weight: 65.98, 60.46,...
April 2013
A survey on Salmonella infection among chicken flocks in Jimma town, Ethiopia
A cross sectional study was conducted between November, 2011 and April, 2012 to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with Salmonella infection among chicken flocks in Jimma town, Ethiopia. Management system, sex, season, age and breed of the chicken flocks examined in the study were considered as risk factors and evaluated whether they are associated...
April 2013
Isolation and characterization of Streptomyces alboflavus SC11 producing desertomycin A
An actinomycete, isolated from soil samples of western Sichuan Plateau of China, was identiï¬ed as Streptomyces alboflavus SC11 by 16S rDNA analysis, and also cultural, morphological and physiological characteristics of the strain were recorded. From the fermentation broth of the strain, an antimicrobial ingredient was isolated and elucidated as desertomycin A, mainly by analysis of electrospray...
April 2013
Anticancer drugs as enhancers of fluconazole sensitivity in Candida albicans
Prescribing fluconazole for prophylaxis and treatment of Candida albicans infections in cancer patients is a common practice. The rational of using anti- Candida drugs along with cancer drugs is debating, because of contradictory results showing either increase or decrease in antifungal sensitivity. In an effort to analyse this, effect of short term exposure to thirty anticancer agents on minimum...
April 2013
Evaluation of protective effect of probiotic in sheep against experimental infection by Escherichia coli
Domestic ruminants, especially sheep and cattle, are the main reservoirs of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and may transmit this pathogen to human. Probiotics are "live organisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host", decreasing the infection and its dissemination. However, these benefits are conferred only after the colonization of...
April 2013
Bioconversion of orange peels for ethanol production using Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Fruit processing industries produce large amount of waste material, which poses considerable disposal problems leading to pollution. The potentiality of Bacillus subtilis andPseudomonas aeruginosa to produce ethanol from orange peels was investigated in the present study. Optimization of parameters to improve ethanol production was done. Maximum amounts of ethanol were produced using 8% orange peels....
April 2013
Assessment of bacteria as virulence agents for urinary tract infection in Egyptian patients
This study involved the examination of bacteriuria according to the results of quantitative cultures in over 300 urine samples collected from patients admitted at El-Hussein University Hospital. The infection rate of both Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniawere found to be 26.92 and 11.54%; respectively. As the glucose and albumin concentration increased, the number of all...
April 2013
Role of mycorrhizal fungi in tolerance of wheat genotypes to salt stress
Salinity is one of the main environmental constraints to crop productivity worldwide. The aim of the experiment was to study the role of mycorrhiza (Glomus clarum Nicol. & Schenck) in tolerance of wheat genotypes to salt stress in terms of growth, physiological and biochemical parameters. Wheat genotypes (cvs. Henta, Moaya and Samma) were grown at three levels of NaCl (0.75, 1.5 and 3...
April 2013
Establishment of an in-house, recombinant nucleocapsid protein-based enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of chicken infectious bronchitis
Infectious bronchitis (IB) is one of the devastating chicken viral diseases that causes significant financial loses to chicken industry worldwide. In this study, highly purified recombinant nucleocapsid protein (rNP) of IB virus (IBV) was used to develop an in-house enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) for the detection of IB. The iELISA was optimized to achieve maximum sensitivity and specificity. All tested...
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