Geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing for multi-temporal analysis of sand encroachment at Oglet Merteba (South Tunisia)
October 2013
Sand encroachment in South Tunisia is one of the most serious environmental problems. Close to six decades, several irrational human activities are responsible for the increase in the magnitude of sand encroachment. They include overgrazing, denudation of vegetation cover and many other disturbances of the fragile arid ecosystem. Mapping this phenomenon is now essential for a better understanding of the general...
Comparative assessment of air pollution tolerance index (APTI) in the industrial (Rourkela) and non industrial area (Aizawl) of India: An eco-management approach
October 2013
Science for phyto-technologies has got immense application in air pollution science. The present study focuses on the determination of air pollution tolerance indices (APTI) from six common road side plant species growing along industrial (Rourkela) and non industrial area (Aizawl), India. The APTI was determined by synthesizing the four different physiological and biochemical parameters, that is, leaf...
Assessment of groundwater pollution by nitrates using intrinsic vulnerability methods: A case study of the Nil valley groundwater (Jijel, North-East Algeria)
October 2013
Scientists are deeply concerned with the state of vulnerability of groundwater reservoirs. It is a complex task because of the difficulties in determining the degree of pollution of the ground water. Many methods have been adopted like DRASTIC, GOD, SI, SINTACS, etc. The present article targets the determination of the vulnerability of groundwater reservoirs of a climatic...
Evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and some heavy metals in roasted food snacks in Amassoma, Niger Delta, Nigeria
October 2013
Analysis of raw and roasted ready-to-eat foods namely; Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus), suya beef and plantain (Musa paradiasca) sold and consumed in Amassoma town were screened for the presence of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Concentration of chromium, lead and cadmium were also determined after digestion with aqua regia and analysed using atomic absorption...
Lithofacies and paleo depositional environment of the rocks of Nkpuma-Akpatakpa, Izzi, Southeast Nigeria
October 2013
A detailed geological investigation of Nkpuma-akpatakpa, Izzi, Southeast Nigeria, done on a map scale of 1: 25,000, showed its lithofacies as brown shales, dark-grey shales, mudstones, siltstones and limestones. These lithofacies have been organized into two main lithostratigraphic units namely, brown shales (Unit A) and dark-grey shales (unit B). The brown colour of shales...
Effect of Cypermethrin on some hematological parameters and prediction of their recovery in a freshwater Teleost, Cyprinus carpio
September 2013
The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the lethality of cypermethrin “pyrethroid” (25% EC with 100% purity) on common carp, Cyprinus carpio (fingerlings). The effect was assessed on the basis of impact of short term exposures of its below safe concentrations (1/2 (0.05 µl/L) and 1/10 (0.01 µl/L) parts of safe concentration) on some hematological parameters. The...
Comparison of East African and Iran natural feeding condition based on the chemical and biochemical properties of lake algae
September 2013
In the present world where pollutants like chemical fertilizers affect environmental conditions, a kind of organic fertilizer with enough micro and macro elements is very important. African soil is reported by many researchers to be important and having large capacity due to its nutrition materials. The possible effect of variety soils transported through atmosphere besides sunlight...
Spatio-temporal variations in phytoplankton community structure in small water bodies within Lake Victoria basin, Kenya
September 2013
Spatio-temporal variations of phytoplankton, expressed in terms of species composition and diversity collected at various sampling sites in small water bodies (SWBs) within Lake Victoria basin, Kenya, were investigated monthly from November 2010 to June 2011, in relation to selected physical and chemical water quality parameters. Temperature, D.O, TN and TP revealed a significant difference between the dams...
Comparative analysis of municipal solid waste (MSW) composition in three local government areas in Rivers State, Nigeria
September 2013
Rivers State is one of the major oil producing States in Nigeria. Its capital, Port Harcourt and sub-urban areas have witnessed an increased influx of migrants in recent time. Consequently, the consumption of goods and services has also increased leading to generation of unprecedented quantities of municipal solid waste. Previous efforts by relevant authorities to contain this increase in waste generation have proved...
Unusual rainfall shift during monsoon period of 2010 in Pakistan: Flash flooding in Northern Pakistan and riverine flooding in Southern Pakistan
September 2013
Floods due to “blocking event” in the jet stream during 2010 caused intense rainfall and flash floods in northern Pakistan which resulted to riverine flooding in southern Pakistan. In the beginning of July 2010, changes in summer monsoon rainfall patterns caused the most severe flooding in Pakistan history. Process control charts suggest that monsoon pattern was not normal which made one-fifth of...
The impacts of auto-mechanic workshops on soil and groundwater in Ibadan metropolis
September 2013
The extents of groundwater and soil pollution arising from auto-mechanic activities from auto-mechanic workshops at Ibadan metropolis were examined. Groundwater and top soil samples from auto-mechanic villages and control site were collected fortnightly over a period of two months and analysed for both physicochemical parameters and some heavy metals. Results of physicochemical parameters of groundwater...
Generation of electronic waste in India: Current scenario, dilemmas and stakeholders
September 2013
This paper tries to quantify the amount of E-waste generated in India with the related stakeholder involvement. Electronic waste (E-waste) or waste electrical and electronic equipments (WEEE), which is relatively a recent addition to the hazardous waste stream, is drawing rapid attention across the globe as the quantity being generated is rising rapidly. All electrical and electronic equipments (EEE), on...
Human health risk characterization of lead pollution in contaminated farmlands of Abare village, Zamfara State, Nigeria
September 2013
This study was initiated to assess the level of lead (Pb) contamination in farmlands, crop plants and water sources and the health risk in one of the Pb-contaminated villages of Zamfara State. Soil samples were collected from two depths at intervals of 10, 50, 150, 300, 500 and 1000 m from the last house along each of the four cardinal directions (North, South, East and West). Crop...
Heavy metal levels in soil samples from highly industrialized Lagos environment
September 2013
The effect of heavy metals on the environment is of serious concern and threatens life in all forms. Environmental contamination is correlated with the degree of industrialization and intensities of chemical usage. The aim of this study was to determine to what extent, human and industrial activities have affected the quality of soil due to contamination of soil with heavy metals and...
Sublethal effects of cadmium, manganese, lead, zinc and iron on the plasma electrolytes regulation of mice, Mus Musculus
September 2013
The toxicological evaluations of cadmium, iron, manganese, lead and zinc were carried out against albino mice model, Mus musculus. On the basis of 96 hrLC50 value, cadmium (0.47 mM) was found to be the most toxic followed by zinc (2.40 mM), lead (2.42 mM), iron (4.25 mM) and manganese (5.70 mM) was least toxic. This study also evaluated the sublethal effects of cadmium, manganese,...
Planning a functional city centre in a physiographic constrained landscape: A case study of Lokoja, Nigeria
August 2013
The city centre planning and redevelopment in developing cities, the location, function and physical form of such cities notwithstanding often remain the hardest planning proposal to be accomplished by any planning endeavour. The magnitude of this problem has been linked to the origin and locations of many settlements especially those associated with poor relief environment which later poses numerous planning...
Sustainable development in a developing economy: Challenges and prospects
August 2013
Sustainable development implies development which ensures maximization of human well being for today’s generation which does not lead to declines in future well being. Attaining this path requires eliminating those negative externalities that are responsible for natural resource depletion and environmental degradation. All human activities and developmental projects are associated with environmental...
An appraisal of the of eco-climatic characteristics in Northern Nigeria
August 2013
The character of the sub-regional eco-climatic zones has possibly changed as suggested in the dwindling fortune of agricultural productivity, documented changes in vegetation and freshwater resources and rising poverty levels especially in the hitherto productive Northern Nigeria. To determine and map the changes, if any, in these eco-climatic characteristics is therefore important...
Exploring opportunities for climate change adaptation in semi arid areas of Tanzania: A case of Nzega District in Tabora region
August 2013
Climate change and associated impacts are now widely acknowledged by most communities, institutions and organizations in the World to be affecting people’s livelihoods. The University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania through the Institute of Resource Assessment (IRA) implemented a three years research program to study the implications of climate change on natural and social systems in three agro ecolocilal...
Nature and dynamics of climate variability in the uganda cattle corridor
August 2013
The study was conducted in the districts of Nakaseke and Nakasongola stratified into four farming systems of crop dominancy, pastoralists, mixed crop and livestock and fishing. The study was guided by two research questions: (1) how do community residents perceive climate change/variability? (2) What is the trend and nature of climate variability and how does it compare with...
Integration of hydro-climatic data and land use in neural networks for modeling river flows: Case of Lobo river in the southwest of Cote d’ivoire
August 2013
In a context of climate disruption due to uncontrolled human activities, the classical models of rainfall-runoff modeling are almost unusable. In addition on the Lobo River (Southwest of Côte d’Ivoire), no simulation study has been carried out yet despite that, this river has flooded fields and villages causing huge losses in September 2007. Neural networks appear in this case as a solution for...
Antimicrobial activity of earthworm (Eudrilus eugeniae) paste
August 2013
Earthworm plays a major role in the proper functioning of the soil ecosystem. It acts as scavenger and helps in recycling of dead and decayed plant material by feeding on them. Earthworm increases the soil fertility and is often referred to as a farmer’s friend. Earthworms have been used in medicine for various remedies. The paste prepared from earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae was...
Evaluation of effect of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi on four major wood species of the elm family in Rasht (North West of Iran)
August 2013
Dutch elm disease is the most common and destructive disease of the elm family. The pathogen of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi will systematically lead to the blockage of xylems and cavities, and will finally lead to the development of wilt symptoms. The present study aimed to compare the diameter size of vessels and the number of xylary rays in four species: Ulmus carpinifolia, Ulmus glabra, Zelkova carpinifolia and...
Copepoda parasites in economically important fish, Mugilidae (Mugil cephalus and Liza falcipinnis from Lac Nokoue Lagoon in Republic of Benin, West Africa
August 2013
Fish parasitology is an indispensable tool in aquatic health studies and a basic understanding of richness of a community parasitism in many localities is essential for instituting control. Many copepod parasites are ecto-parasites which negatively affect the appearance and reduced production of species of economically important fish, both from the wild and fish farms, thus making them difficult to market. In...
The relative contributions of climatic elements and environmental factors to flooding in Awka urban area
August 2013
The aim of this paper was to determine the relative contributions of climatic elements and environmental factors to urban flooding in Awka urban area of Anambra State. Towards achieving this aim, 10 year (2000-2009) meteorological data of temperature and rainfall of the study area were collected from synoptic meteorological station in Awka and data on environmental factors were...
Ambient air pollution and assessment of ozone creation potential for reactive volatile organic compounds in urban atmosphere of southwestern, Nigeria
August 2013
Volatile organic compound (VOC) species react at different rate and exhibit differences in reactivity with respect to ozone formation in polluted urban atmosphere. To assess this, the variations pattern, reactivity relative to OH radical and ozone creation potential of ambient VOCs were investigated in field studies at designated sites in urban centers of Akure and Ado-Ekiti, Southwestern, Nigeria, between...
A comparative study on Pb2+ removal efficiencies of fired clay soils of different particle size distributions
August 2013
Batch adsorption studies were carried out to evaluate the Pb2+ adsorption capacities of three different fired clay soils with different particle size distributions. Adsorption efficiency was observed to increase with an increase in clay content. Adsorption efficiencies of the fired clay soils were also influenced by the firing temperature, the solution’s acidity, initial Pb2+...
Heavy metal levels in Sokoto metropolis as a result of local production of aluminium utensils
August 2013
Assessment of the levels of heavy metal pollution due to production of local aluminum articles have been carried out. Atomic absorption spectrophotometric method of analysis was used for the determination of Cu, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn and Pb, while ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) back titration with ZnSO4 was used for Al. Results show that the various concentration obtained follows the order, Al > Cu >...
Nitrogen mass balance in waste stabilization ponds at the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
August 2013
Nitrogen mass balance in waste stabilization pond system at the University of Dar es Salaam was determined using a dynamic mathematical model in order to elucidate the biological nitrogen transformation mechanisms that are effective for removal of nitrogen in this pond system. Results show that the pond system removed 4741 g/day of nitrogen from an influent load of 8036 kg/day, which is equivalent to 59%...
Impairment in biochemical indices in sprayers exposed to commonly used organophosphorus and pyrethroids: A case study
August 2013
This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of spraying organophosphate, carbamate and synthetic pyrethroid pesticides on biochemical parameters viz., red blood cell (RBC) acetylcholine esterase (AchE) and plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities, oxidative stress parameters viz., plasma T-BARs, catalase activity and antioxidant levels such as reduced glutathione,...
Heavy metal pollution in drinking water - a global risk for human health: A review
July 2013
Water resources in the world have been profoundly influenced over the last years by human activities, whereby the world is currently facing critical water supply and drinking water quality problems. In many parts of the world heavy metal (HM) concentrations in drinking water are higher than some international guideline values. Discussing about the HM pollution in drinking water, the...
A study of valuation clients perception on mortgage valuation reliability
July 2013
The effect of overvaluation and undervaluation cannot be over emphasized in any economy. Valuation opinions are very crucial to the operations and business dealings of the clients that seek valuer’s advice in decision making. Wrong opinion of value has caused strain in many business dealings. This paper studies the perception of clients on reliability of mortgage valuation in Nigeria. A sample size of 50 lending...
Community-environment relations and development of rural communities in Uyo, Nigeria
July 2013
Primary production activity and environmental resources hold the key to rural development. The range of activities in primary production forms the basis with which rural communities relate with the environment and carry out rural development activities. This study examined the interactions in man-environment system and how such interactions could affect development processes. A multistage sampling framework...
Ecosystem recovery analysis of mine tailings at Mhangura copper mine through normalised difference vegetation index
July 2013
Remote sensing techniques are increasingly being employed in monitoring environmental change. Vegetation indices such as normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), are useful in estimating primary production, an important component of ecosystem function. The success of rehabilitation on mine tailings may be indirectly assessed through NDVI changes. Mine tailings at Mhangura copper mine, Zimbabwe, have not been...
Multi-temporal assessment of forest cover, stocking parameters and above-ground tree biomass dynamics in Miombo Woodlands of Tanzania
July 2013
Miombo woodlands form the widespread ecosystem in Tanzania. The ecosystem of these woodlands serves as a carbon sink and source containing majority of the above-ground terrestrial organic carbon. The study assessed forest cover, stocking parameters and above-ground tree biomass dynamics in the Miombo woodlands of Bereku and Duru Haitemba in Tanzania. The data were obtained from conventional forest inventory...
Variations in the physico-chemical properties of Dal Lake, Srinagar, Kashmir
July 2013
Basic physical and chemical characteristics of the water in Dal lake Srinagar were determined. Surface water was sampled on monthly basis from June 2010 to April 2011. To determine the variations in physico-chemical parameters of Dal lake, a total of 21 physico-chemical parameters from six different site spread in four basins of lake was monitored. Our findings highlighted the deterioration of water quality...
Effect of rainfall on cropping pattern in mid Himalayan region
July 2013
The analysis of effect of rainfall during the last 20 years is needed to evaluate cropping pattern in the rain-fed region. In this study, trends in annual, seasonal and monthly rainfall of district of Himachal Pradesh in India over the past 20 years were examined. The annual rainfall varies from 863.3 to 1470.0 mm. During the summer season, the highest total rainfall was 1089.7 mm during 2000, whereas...
Heavy metal characteristics of groundwater in Ibadan South Western, Nigeria
July 2013
Full Length Research Paper Heavy metal characteristics of groundwater in Ibadan South Western, Nigeria Laniyan, T. A.*, Bayewu, O. O. and Ariyo, S. O. Department of Earth Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria. *Corresponding...
Nitrate and ammonium levels of some water bodies and their interaction with some selected properties of soils in Douala metropolis, Cameroon
July 2013
The present study examined the nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) levels of Rivers Wouri and Dibamba and some streams that feed them. The interaction of NO3- and NH4+ with some soil properties was also investigated. It was necessitated by the usage of these rivers for livelihood, despite the deposition of discharges into these streams. Twenty eight (28) surface water and four soil...
Assessment of oil contamination in the bay of Porto Grande (Cape Verde) using the mullet Chelon bispinosus
July 2013
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of persistent organic pollutants, some of which are mutagenic and carcinogenic so PAH concentrations in fish used for human consumption are crucial to assess impact to human health. Total PAH concentrations in muscle and liver of mullets Chelon bispinosus from the Bay of Porto Grande (Cape Verde) (four sites in the bay and a control) ranged from 112.7 to...
Application of the biosurfactants produced by Bacillus spp. (SH 20 and SH 26) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa SH 29 isolated from the rhizosphere soil of an Egyptian salt marsh plant for the cleaning of oil - contaminataed vessels and enhancing the biodegradation of oily sludge
July 2013
During the screening for biosurfactant-producing bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere soil of an Egyptian salt marsh plant, three bacterial strains (Bacillus spp. SH 20 and SH 26, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa SH 29) were most active strains. Biosurfactants produced by the three bacterial strains were stable at wide range of pH (1 to 14), wide range of temperature (0 to 121°C) and salinity (5 to 15% NaCl). The two...
Positions of human dwellings affect few tropical diseases near Baghdad city, Iraq
July 2013
Some factors that possibly affect tropical disease distribution was investigated in about 500 randomize human dwellings. The studied factors include wild animals, domestic animals, wild plants, cultivated plants, nature of soil, nature of water, positions of human dwellings, nature of building material and position of animal shelters. The diseases that studied were malaria, Kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis),...
Evaluation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sediment of Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria
July 2013
Certain pollutants, particularly synthetic organic compounds have given rise to important environmental concerns. New organic pollutants especially polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDEs) employed in electronic equipment and in some household items as flame retardants are now finding their way into the aquatic environment as components of waste discharge into the water body. These...
Rate of absorption and interfacial area of chlorine into aqueous sodium hydroxide system
July 2013
Due to excellent mass transfer characteristics with energy efficiency jet ejectors can be used in place of conventional countercurrent systems, namely, packed bed contactors as well as venturi scrubbers, cyclones and airlift pumps. The removal of chlorine from certain gases by absorption in aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide is industrially important in several chemical processes particularly in pollution...
Nitrate concentration in drinking water supplies in selected communities of Ibadan Southeast local government, Ibadan, Nigeria
July 2013
Elevated levels of nitrate in drinking water have been associated with adverse health effects. Most susceptible to nitrate toxicity are infants under six months of age and pregnant women. This study assesses the nitrate concentration of 48 randomly selected wells in an urban-slum setting in Ibadan South East Local Government Area (IBSELGA), Nigeria. The coordinates of the wells were mapped with a hand-held Global...
Knowledge, attitudes and practices study of dengue viral infection and its association with environmental factors and health issues, Lahore Pakistan
July 2013
This study was designed to assess and compare the awareness, approach, and practices of dengue positive and dengue negative patients regarding dengue fever in a tertiary care hospital of Lahore district, Pakistan from April to May 2012. A total of 250 samples (125 dengue positive and 125 dengue negative) were collected and tested for Dengue IgM and IgG antibodies test by ELISA...
The economic cost of air pollution in Mangaung metro municipality: A case study in South Africa
July 2013
Economic and domestic activities have been causing a profound deterioration of air quality in developed and developing countries. The health problems arising from air pollution have become apparent which result in welfare losses in society such as increased workdays lost and high health cost. This study shows the mitigating cost and workdays lost as a result air pollution related illness and the factors influencing...
The effect of pesticides on fish fauna of Bhopal lower lake (M. P.)
July 2013
The analysis of effect of rainfall during the last 20 years is needed to evaluate cropping pattern in the rain-fed region. In this study, trends in annual, seasonal and monthly rainfall of district of Himachal Pradesh in India over the past 20 years were examined. The annual rainfall varies from 863.3 to 1470.0 mm. During the summer season, the highest total rainfall was 1089.7 mm during 2000, whereas lowest...
Appraising the combustion of biogas for sustainable rural energy needs
June 2013
This paper shows the combustion of biogas in rural households’ appliances. Biogas has been known since 1800s as an odourless and colourless gas with high combustion rate. Its use is beginning to gain ground in most developing countries like Nigeria due to its availability, ease of generation and environmental friendliness. Developing countries are characterized by poor infrastructural development, inadequate...
Transesterification of oil extracted from different species of algae for biodiesel production
June 2013
In the current study, biodiesel production efficiency of Chlorella vulgaris, Rhizoclonium hieroglyphicum and mixed algae culture was measured by transesterification process. Growth rate of algal species was measured on the basis of increase in their dry matter in various media. Protein, carbohydrates and lipids in all selected algae were measured on dry matter basis....
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