Assessment of the heavy metal - levels in the incinerators bottom-ash from different hospitals in Dares Salaam
November 2020
Understanding content of bottom ashes from incinerator especially toxic heavy metals is an important step towards ash utilization. The aim of this paper was to evaluate heavy metals levels of in bottom-ash from hospital waste incinerators in four different hospitals in Dar es Salaam city (Muhimbili National Hospital and three regional referral hospitals Mwananyamala Ilala and Temeke) in Dar es Salaam city, Tanzania. It...
Assessment of the phytoremediation capabilities of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) for the remediation of heavy metals (Pb, Ni and Cd) contaminated water
October 2020
This study was carried out to investigate the potential uptake of heavy metals (Pb, Ni, and Cd) by Pteridium aquilinum plant from aqueous solutions. The whole plant strands were cultured in 36 experimental pots containing 5, 10 and 15 (mg/L) of Pb2+, Ni2+ and Cd2+ aqueous solutions. The plants were harvested after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of exposure and segmented into leaves, stem and root, respectively. The heavy...
Occurrence dynamics of nitrogen compounds in faecal sludge stabilisation ponds in the Tamale Metropolis, Ghana
October 2020
Faecal sludge, with richness in soil nutrients represents an important resource for enhancing soil productivity. In this study, the occurrence dynamics of nitrogen compounds NH3, NO2- and NO3- in engineered waste stabilisation ponds in the Tamale metropolis was monitored for 5 months in the dry season. Four treatment ponds were divided into three units: Influent point, midpoint and effluent point for sampling purposes....
Assessment of air pollutant emissions from healthcare waste incinerators of different design features
October 2020
The aim of this paper was to e valuate the levels of gaseous emissions from four different healthcare wastes incinerators in three regional hospitals and one national hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The incinerators studied differ in terms of capacity (kg/h) and design features. Five gaseous air pollutants (CO, CO2, NOx, and SO2) were analyzed in the sampled flue gases using a portable desktop combustion gas...
Advancing climate change adaptation in Uganda’s agricultural programming for sustainable development: Key milestones and constraints
October 2020
Climate change remains a crucial threat to sustainable development, particularly to the farming communities, which are more vulnerable to climate impacts. Uganda has made commendable steps in building an institutional framework for addressing climate change. However, the framework remains scattered in several documents making it difficult to track and conceptualize. This paper provides a one-stop center for...
Bamboo diversity and carbon stocks of dominant species in different agro-ecological zones in Cameroon
October 2020
Bamboo is of ecological and socio-economic importance in the world. However, knowledge on its potential in climate change mitigation remains superficial in Cameroon. The present study identified bamboo diversity and estimated carbon stocks of the dominant species in Cameroon. Ground truth method and local informants were used for a bamboo species survey in five Agro-ecological zones (AEZs). Twenty-two circular plots of...
Assessment of chitosan – coated Aspergillus–niger as biosorbent for dye removal and its impact on the heavy metal and physicochemical parameters of textile wastewater
September 2020
Efficiency of biosorbent from chitosan coated dead fungal biomass of Aspergillus niger for dye removal with its impact on metals and physicochemical parameters of textile industry wastewater were assessed. Dye and metal concentrations of wastewater were determined using UV and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometers respectively, before and after column biosorption using simulation optimized parameters with biosorbent....
Assessment of the health impacts of WASH interventions in disaster-prone communities in three regions of Northern Ghana
September 2020
This study evaluated the health impacts of WASH interventions in 9 intervention communities against 9 control communities in disaster-prone areas in northern Ghana. We extracted community-specific data on patient-reported cases of WASH-related diseases from health facilities in the study areas. Also, we used key informant interviews and household questionnaires to seek information for validation. The impact was measured...
Effect of agitation on the process of bi methanization of sludge from low-temperature wastewater treatment plants
September 2020
Wastewater treatment is a serious environmental problem, especially in developing countries such as Morocco. Their discharge into the natural environment has negative impacts on water resources and the environment. They are therefore purified to reduce the concentration of the main pollutants. Often biological remediation is used when wastewater contains biodegradable organic pollutants. This generally leads to treated...
An appraisal of high definition survey approaches in subsidence monitoring of crude oil storage tanks
September 2020
Vertical and horizontal motion of the solid earth surface due to geological and geodynamical phenomena are generally consequences of terrain deformation. Variations as a result of the deformation affect structures, particularly large storage facilities that are steel and/or concrete in nature. The criticality of these phenomena underscores the need to carryout regular measurements and monitoring of its effect in all...
Irrigation water quality analysis of Mitheu Stream in Machakos Municipality, Kenya
September 2020
Water samples for physico-chemical, heavy metals and bacteriological analyses were collected from 4 selected points along Mitheu Stream flowing through Machakos Municipality once every month from June 2019 to September 2019. The samples were analyzed in Kenya Plant and Health Inspectorate Service and Water Resources Authority laboratories then data subjected to one-way analysis of variance to test significant...
Possibility of improving solid waste management in senior high schools in the Ashanti region of Ghana
August 2020
Little attention has been given to solid waste management in Senior High Schools meanwhile their population and consumption pattern keeps on increasing. The study was conducted in senior high schools within the Ashanti Region to determine the composition and generation rate of solid waste in the selected senior high schools. An extensive field investigation was used for quantification and analysis of the composition of...
Greenhouse gas reduction and cost-benefit through improving municipal solid waste management in Ouagadougou
August 2020
Waste management is one of the major challenges of urban management in Sub Saharan African countries. The current difficulties in the management of solid waste are the result of poor mastering of concepts, approaches, and techniques. This paper aims to study the Greenhouse gas reduction and cost-benefit through improving municipal solid waste management in Ouagadougou. Since the site location is important for collection...
Urban climate variability trend in the coastal region of Mombasa Kenya
August 2020
The world population in global south countries is increasing. This fast growth has heightened urban ecological footprint that contributes to anthropogenic forcing triggering of the climate system. From this study, climate variability trend dynamics in Mombasa County, a coastal urban area in Kenya was examined. A retrospective study was done (1989-2019) to determine the changes in temperature and rainfall in the area of...
Statistical modeling of diesel leaching rate in soils at base transceiver stations
August 2020
The process of modeling contaminant volume, rainfall intensity, and soil depth was investigated on diesel leaching and retention in soil subjected to oil pollution from five Base Transceiver Stations. The experimental runs were carried out over three operating parameters which include contaminant volume (50-350 ml), rainfall intensity (5- 10 mm/h), and soil depth (30 - 90 cm) using Response Surface Methodology. Among...
Comparison between real and label content of different bottled water brands from Saudi Arabia and other international countries
July 2020
For consumers, the water composition is indicated on a label attached to the water bottle. Reports about wrong label information were the motivation for this comparative study of the real content of 20 different bottled water brands from Saudi Arabia and 19 other brands from different countries in Asia, Oceania, Africa, and Europe. The pH, total dissolved salt (TDS) concentration, and concentrations of nine cations and...
Air quality in city centres: The transportation effect in Minna metropolis Chanchaga Local Government Area, Niger State Nigeria
July 2020
This study is aimed at assessing ambient air quality in city centres, in Minna metropolis, Niger State, North-Central part of Nigeria. Thirty points of commercial transportation locations within the city centre were considered, three thousand observations of CO, CO2, LEL, H2S and O2 were collected at different West African time (6 am, 8 am, 10 am, 12 noon and 6 pm) during the wet season in 2018 and analysed. Instruments...
Oil and gas exploitation in the Ghanaian context: The balance of benefits and challenges
July 2020
This study investigated the benefits and challenges associated with oil and gas exploitation from the Ghanaian perspective. A case study design that embraced both quantitative and qualitative methodologies was adopted for the study. Communities close to the oil and gas production area (that is, the Jubilee Oil Field) were specifically targeted as the study population. The population covered three communities;...
Quantifying forest cover at Mount Kenya: Use of Sentinel-2 for a discrimination of tropical tree composites
June 2020
The aim of the present study is to test ESA’s Sentinel-2 (S2) satellites (S2A and S2B) for an efficient quantification of land cover (LC) and forest compositions in a tropical environment southwest of Mount Kenya. Furthermore, outcome of the research is used to validate ESA’s S2 prototype LC 20 m map of Africa that was produced in 2016. A decision tree that is based on significant altitudinal ranges was used...
Physicochemical influence on the spatial distribution of faecal bacteria and polychaetes in the Densu Estuary, Ghana
June 2020
Coastal ecosystems are increasingly impacted by man-made disturbances including pollution from agriculture, aquaculture and municipal waste. This study employed multiple ecological indicators to assess environmental quality of the Densu Estuary and understanding of environmental controls on the spatial distribution of organisms. Physicochemical parameters were measured in situ. Water and sediment samples were collected...
Molecular characterisation of bacteria strains of septic tank sewage samples from related sites in Delta and Edo States of Nigeria using 16S rRNA denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE)
June 2020
The molecular characterization of raw septic tank sewage in the region under study was evaluated using 16S rRNA denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Raw effluent samples from three septic tanks in the Delta and Edo States region of Nigeria was collected between November 2018 and January 2019 for testing. A composite sample was formed from the three samples collected. The raw sewage sample was sequenced for...
The mediating effect of effective decision making on the design of water resource management ICT model: The case of the management of Lake Victoria Basin
May 2020
Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS- SEM) technique was employed to evaluate the mediating effects of effective decision making on water resource management policies and water resource management frameworks in the design of water resource management ICT model for an integrated water resource management of Lake Victoria Basin (LVB). Researchers took a quantitative approach using smart-PLS version 3....
Assessment of agricultural practices on water quality of the Tono Dam in the Upper East Region of Ghana
May 2020
Population growth has resulted in drastic increase in demand for agricultural products for consumption and also as raw materials for agro-based industries. Associated with this increased demand is the application of agrochemicals to increase yields. This study assessed the impact of agricultural practices employed by farmers in the Tono catchment in the Upper East Region of Ghana on water quality. The study involved a...
Factors affecting the development of effective water resource management policies: The case of the management of Lake Victoria Basin in Uganda
April 2020
Partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to evaluate the factors affecting the development of effective water resource management policies. Researchers employed a purposive sampling method to come up with the most suitable respondents. The sample size of 152 respondents was computed from a population size of 245 water experts within Lake Victoria Basin (LVB) in Uganda. The...
The impact of sea water intrusion on the spatial variability of the physical and chemical properties of ground water in Limbe-Cameroon
April 2020
A significant proportion of the population of Limbe, a coastal town in Cameroon, relies on ground water (gw) to satisfy their drinking water needs. The coastal aquifer is threatened by pollution from sea water intrusion and hence the aim of this study was to determine the suitability of the water. Physico-chemical analysis were carried out on samples collected from the study area and the Revelle Index was calculated and...
Land capability analysis and delineation of erosion prone areas in the case of Kulfo Watershed, Abaya Chamo Basin
March 2020
Land is a basic natural resource which is essential for the survival and development of human being, since it supports all kind of livelihood and infrastructure. But due to varying drivers it is under the threat of degradation. Thus, the aim of this research was to analyze the land capability and delineation of erosion prone areas for sustainable watershed management in the case of Kulfo watershed located in the Abaya...
Spatiotemporal variation of irrigation water quality at Bochessa Watershed in Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia
February 2020
Water quality is a highly concerning issue as long as irrigation is planned to be used for crop production. Hence, groundwater at Bochessa catchment was assessed to determine the spatiotemporal variability of its quality and to evaluate its suitability for irrigation. For this study, 8 boreholes were selected and sampling was done during the dry and wet seasons between 2015 and 2017. Totally 48 water samples were...
Comparative study of physicochemical parameters of wastewater discharged at the beaches of the Dakar Coast
February 2020
The region of Dakar is characterized by a high population density often leading to a problem of development of the sewage network not equipped with a treatment station. The ejection of these raw untreated waters on the Dakar coast continually causes pollution of bays, seawater and threatens life in the aquatic environment and human health. The objective of this study is to assess the physicochemical quality of the...
Impacts of climate change on sorghum production in North Eastern Ethiopia
February 2020
Climate change/variability is a global concern that is seriously affecting developing and least developed countries which rain-fed based agriculture is predominantly the basis for their livelihood and socio-economic system. Adverse impacts of climate change and variability, in most developing and least developed countries like Ethiopia, is growing in time and exert pressure on agricultural systems which changes...
Application of a decision support tool for municipal solid waste open dumps remediation in Cape Verde
February 2020
Open dumps are places where solid waste is disposed directly on the ground, without any environmental assessment, resulting in environmental, societal and economic damages. In Cape Verde, most of the municipalities dispose their solid waste on open dumps. Cape Verde's new policies on solid waste management determined the closure and the remediation of all the dumps around the country. In this context, this...
Evaluation of stream flow under land use land cover change: A case study of Chemoga Catchment, Abay Basin, Ethiopia
January 2020
For human beings, land and water are vital. To enhance agricultural productivity and socio-economic development in the agricultural catchment, irrigation development is an important issue. The present study aims to evaluate the stream flow under land use land cover (LULC) change for surface irrigation in Chemoga catchment part of Abay River Basin. To accomplish the objectives of this study, the watershed model SWAT...
Design and construction of fixed dome digester for biogas production using cow dung and water hyacinth
January 2020
Engineered biological systems used for resource recovery often utilize anaerobic digestion to treat organic wastes by reclaiming the carbon as energy (methane gas) and a soil amendment (biosolids). This study explored the production of biogas from co-digestion of cow dung waste and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) using anaerobic biological conversion. Cow dung and water hyacinth biomass feedstock were collected...
Agro-ecological assessment of physico-chemical properties of soils in Kulfo Watershed, South Western Ethiopia
January 2020
Variation in physical landscape of the highlands gives rise to variations in agro-climatic and soil parent materials in Ethiopia. The aim of this research is to characterize the physio-chemical properties of soils in Kulfo watershed. For the study, primary data from transect walks, composite soil samples and GPS points and secondary data from satellite imaginaries, National Metrological Agency and Central Statistical...
Management of world energy resources (Renewable energy): Choices for the future?
January 2020
Energy enables technical innovations, and progress in health, agriculture and transportation. Socio-economic development and energy production are linked, although some energy-rich countries are poor. Developed countries are the biggest consumers. Energy consumption increases with increase in world population. Fossil energies are dominantly consumed. Nuclear energies are often decried because of serious accidents....
Active and passive air quality bio-monitoring in the tropics: Intra-urban and seasonal variation in atmospheric particles estimated by leaf saturated isothermal remanent magnetisation of Ficus benjamina L (Moraceae)
December 2019
Atmospheric pollutant emissions are likely to increase continously in developing cities like Abidjan (Ivory Coast) where air quality strategies are ineffective or not yet implemented. This could result in a big risk to human health. Local meteorological parameters can have both positive or negative effect on habitat quality depending on the biomonitoring approach used. This study investigates the sources and factors...
Assessment of hydrological pathway and water quality of the songor wetland, Ghana
December 2019
Wetlands regulate sediment accumulation, minimize pollution load and act as a buffer against coastal erosion. However, the overflow of seawaters into closed lagoons and wetlands could cause an excessive build-up of solutes through evaporation and could threaten the health of the aquatic life. This study examined hydrological regime, water quality and spatial distribution of flora within the Songor Wetland, Ghana using...
Future evolution of surface temperature extremes and the potential impacts on the human health in Senegal
December 2019
Climate change impacts negatively vulnerable regions such as West African countries like Senegal, through an increase of climate extremes. The objectives of this study is to analyze the future evolution of the extreme temperature events and their impacts on human health in Senegal during the cold (DJF), hot (MAM) and wet seasons (JAS) under the greenhouse gas scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 using Climate projections of five...
Spatial patterns of climatic variability and water budget over Sudan Savannah Region of Nigeria
December 2019
The study examined the effect of climatic variability on climatic water balance over Sudan Savannah, Nigeria. Temperature and Rainfall data were collected for the period 1943-2012 from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency. The data were divided into two climatic years 1943-1977 and 1978-2012. On the whole, rainfall amount decreased from a very high mean value of 981.5 mm in Yelwa (Lat. 10.88 N; Long. 4.75 E) to a very low...
Characterization of the development and productivity of Jatropha curcas L. plants according to provenance and tillage in Bargny, Senegal
December 2019
Among the crops that can potentially be used to provide the raw material needed for liquid biofuel production Jatropha curcas L. is the one that generates most interest in many development projects. The aim of this study is to evaluate the production and development of 3-year-old J. curcas L. seedlings in 2012. The results showed that after three years of planting, subsoiling and provenance have no effect on growth...
Occurrence, quantities and probable human health risks of indicatory polychlorinated biphenyls in processed Lates niloticus (L.) products from Lake Victoria in Tanzania
November 2019
A study was conducted in Lake Victoria to assess the occurrence, levels and risks of indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in four processed Lates niloticus (L.) products (salted-sundried, trims, smoked and deep-fried). Samples extractions were done using QuEChERS method while detection and quantification of congeners was done using a GC- ECD and GC- MS. Six PCBs (CB 28, CB 52, CB 118, CB 138, CB 153 and CB 180)...
Seasonal variations of some physico-chemical properties of water sources that feed Rivers Wouri and Meme of Cameroon
November 2019
Rivers Wouri and Meme are surrounded by streams and wells and serve for irrigation, fishing, domestic purposes and transportation. Water samples were collected from the rivers in February (dry season) and August (wet season) of 2012 at different sites and at different depths and analyzed for some physicochemical properties. This was to study the effect of seasonal changes on the properties and also infer the possible...
A chemical speciation study of selected heavy metals in aquatic bottom sediment samples from Mpenge stream, Musanze District, Rwanda
November 2019
Mpenge stream is regarded as one of the most important domestic water resource in Musanze District; Rwanda. The chemical speciation study of selected heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Cd) in sediment samples collected from that stream was carried out by means of an analytical procedure involving sequential chemical extraction method and to determine the heavy metals content in different fractions of sediment....
The roles of community-based water and sanitation management teams (WSMTs) for sustainable development: An example of the Bawku West District, Ghana
November 2019
Poor sanitation, water and hygiene are related to several and severe negative implications on health and the environment. In recent years, community-based management of water and sanitation facilities have been linked to improving access to these facilities. Ghana is also on its way to achieving the Strategic Development Goals (SDGs) for access to potable water. However, several studies have found gaps between increased...
Ecological assessment and economic valuation of three wetlands in eastern Hararghe, Oromia Regional State Ethiopia
October 2019
Globally, wetlands are recognized as the most productive ecosystems due to sustaining a wide range of biodiversity and for providing goods and services to nearby communities. The study was carried out in three wetlands in Ethiopia; namely, Adele, Teneke and Haramaya. The data was collected from January 2016 to May 2016 in the villages which are in proximity to the wetlands to determine the degree of dependency on the...
Crude oil polluted soil remediation using poultry dung (chicken manure)
October 2019
Remediating crude oil polluted soil in developing countries by environment-friendly approach has attracted scientific interest. Sampled crude oil and poultry dung were obtained from oil pit and farm in Warri, Delta State. 500 g/kg of crude oil polluted soil was weighed into four different containers labeled A, B, C and D; the soil was amended with the application of sundried poultry manure at various weights of...
Physicochemical quality of the groundwater perimeter of rice farms of Maga (Far North Cameroon)
October 2019
The rice-growing area of ​​Maga is located in the floodplain of Lower Logone. It covers an irrigable area of ​​more than 7000 ha of arable land. This area is indeed subjected to groundwater quality studies. Three campaigns of water sample studies were performed for one year in 15 points including nine boreholes and six domestic feed wells. Temperature, pH, EC, as well as Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, NH4+, HCO3-, NO3-,...
The dynamics of pastoral mobility routes in relation to food security in semi-arid areas of Simanjiro and Handeni districts in Tanzania
October 2019
This study specifically examined the pastoral mobility routes in relation to food security in Simanjiro and Handeni districts. The pastoralists from Simanjiro district usually migrate to Handeni and other areas as a coping strategy. During the pastoral mobility the pastoralists face different problems such as food insecurity. The data were collected by using participatory geographic information system (PGIS) and the...
Seasonal variability of rainfall and thunderstorm in Guinea over the period 1981 to 2010
September 2019
Republic of Guinea is one of the West African countries which share form a border with the southern part of the Sahel. It is located in the tropical area where the convective systems activities are intense with strong rainfall. Our results on Standardized Precipitation Index are coherent with the Sahel drought during the 1970s, and a recovery period of rainfall since the last years. The Standardized Thunderstorms Index...
Solid waste management in urban communities in Ghana: A case study of the Kumasi metropolis
September 2019
Globally, solid waste management has in recent times attracted massive attention, and one of the commonly cited areas is the sprawling cities and urban communities, where plastics and other solid waste have become major management challenge. In Ghana, solid waste management has become a major problem, particularly in urban settlements. The overall objective of the study was to investigate the key factors that underlie...
Non-linear equilibrium and kinetic study of the adsorption of 2,4-dinitrophenol from aqueous solution using activated carbon derived from olives stones and cotton cake
September 2019
Olives stones and cotton cakes have been investigated as a cheap and available precursor used for the production of novel carbon using potassium hydroxide as chemical activating agent with 2:1 impregnation ratio at 1.5 M KOH. Carbonization was performed at 450°C for one hour. The activated carbons NOK and MK3 were characterized by Iodine Number, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, EDX Analysis, Scanning...
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