Evaluation of varietal responses for growth, yield and yield components of haricot bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in two districts at Bench- Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia
January 2018
Variety trials with haricot bean have long been studied; varietal response for maximum yielding ability, however, depends on agro-ecological conditions of a particular growing environment. Therefore, the current study evaluates the performance of varieties on growth, yield and yield components of Haricot bean at two locations of Bench-Maji Zone. The treatment consists of eight nationally released varieties and one local...
Potential of cassava starch from TME 419 as suitable gelling agent in micropropagation of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
December 2017
Cassava starch from nine varieties, namely, NR 8082, TMS 97/2205, TMS 97/0162, TMS 92/0057, TMS 98/0505, TMS 92/0326, TMS 30572, TMS 82/0058, and TME 419 were evaluated for their suitability as gelling substitute to conventional gelling agents (gellan gum and agar) in medium using cassava shoot tips and nodal segments as explants. Explants were seeded singly into a 15 ml cassava multiplication medium gelled either in...
Various macro and micro-morphological features of two species of Cakile
December 2017
The morphology and anatomy of Cakile maritima subsp. aegyptiaca and Cakile arabica are organized in this work to invent the different characters between the two studied species. The species were collected fresh from Mersa-Matruh in Egypt and Dammam city in Eastern region of Saudi Arabia. The main characteristic to distinguish between the different Cakile species is the morphology of the fruit, C. maritima was...
Evaluation of Tanzanian maize germplasms for identification of resistant genotypes against maize lethal necrosis
December 2017
Experiments were conducted in season 2014B at Naivasha maize lethal necrosis screening facility to evaluate Tanzanian maize germplasms for resistance to maize lethal necrosis (MLN). One hundred and fifty-two maize landraces and 33 inbreed lines were artificially inoculated with maize chlorotic mottle virus and sugarcane mosaic virus isolates in two trials arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) and two...
Phytochemical analysis of Ziziphus mucronata Willd. extract and screening for antifungal activity against peanut pathogens
November 2017
Chemical analysis of aqueous extract of Ziziphus mucronata Willd. was determined by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Among the 11 compounds found, catechin, rutin (quercetin 3-O-rutinoside), delphinidin-3-glucoside, isoquercetin (hyperoside) and quercitrin (quercetine3,7-O-L-dirhanmopyranoside) were identified as the major phenolics components in this aqueous plant extract. To elute the...
Correlation between seed characteristics and biomass production of Moringa oleifera provenances grown in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
November 2017
The correlation between seed size and biomass production of Moringa oleifera, was conducted in a field experiment at Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) in 2014. The experiment included eleven M. oleifera provenances from West Africa according to four agro-ecological characteristics (Sahelian, Sub Equatorial, South Sudanian and North Sudanian). Differences among provenances seed traits, leaf morphology, and dry mass (DM) were...
Effects of fertilizer and cassava-legume cropping systems on root yields in two agro-ecological zones of Ghana
October 2017
Cassava is an important food crop in small-holder farming systems in Ghana. Due to the limited use of organic and inorganic inputs, soil fertility becomes a major problem in cassava production systems. A study was conducted at the Soil Research Institute, Kwadaso, in the Forest Agro-ecological zone and the Wenchi Agricultural Station in the Forest-Savannah Transitional zone. The fertilizer rates were 0:0:0, 15:15:15 and...
In vitro protocol optimization for micropropagation of elite Lemmon verbena (Aloysia triphylla)
October 2017
The family Verbenaceae includes 36 genera and 1035 species. Among them lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla) is known to have high medicinal value. Therefore, development of fast and new in vitro micropropagation protocol will have a high importance in lemon verbena mass-propagation. This research study targeted to develop rapid in vitro micropropagation protocol for lemon verbena. Up to 88% of clean survived plantlets were...
Assessment of the modes of pollen dispersal of Vernonia amygdalina Del. and Vernonia calvoana Hook
September 2017
The study of pollen dispersal and mode of fertilization of Vernonia amygdalina and Vernonia calvoana is a prerequisite to the understanding of genetic diversity and elaboration of improvement programs for the Vernonia genus. In this study, precise experimental designs were made for morphological and biological observations on Vernonia species capitulum in order to assess the distinctive effects of each of the...
The qualitative and quantitative impact of copper and zinc applications on winter wheat cultivation
September 2017
The impacts of copper and zinc compounds were tested on winter wheat crop grown in calcareous chernozem soil in Hungary, Regöly, Tolna County, during the planting seasons of 2011 and 2013. This work aims to discover the effects of different doses of copper and zinc on wheat yield (t.ha-1), in terms of gluten content (%), “Zeleny” number or sedimentation index and raw protein content (m%). Further,...
Effect of glyphosate used as a sugarcane chemical ripener in Côte d’Ivoire
August 2017
Sugarcane chemical ripening is aimed at accelerating the sucrose accumulation in the stems for harvesting when the climate conditions of crop year are hardly optimal for natural ripening. The study aims at determining the best response of sugarcane varieties to glyphosate ripening effect and the harvest delay after its application in Ferké 2 Sugar Bowl, Northern Côte d’Ivoire, in order to improve the...
Effects of chitosan and snail shell powder on cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) growth and resistance against black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya
August 2017
Chitosan and chitin sources have emerged as promising groups of biological substances that can induce plant growth and resistance to diseases. This study is aimed at investigating the potential effect of chitosan and snail shell to promote cocoa growth and induce resistance against Phytophthora megakarya. The results showed that treatment of cocoa seeds with chitosan at 1.5 to 2.0% and snail shell at 2.0% increases the...
GGE biplot analysis of genotypes by environment interaction on Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench) in Zimbabwe
July 2017
The genotype by environment interaction (GEI) reduces the success of genotype selection and recommendations by breeders, thus slowing down the progress of plant breeding. The understanding of genotype by environment interaction (GEI) multi-locational yield trials (MLYT) enables researchers to identify locations which are efficient in distinguishing tested genotypes, which are ideal across the test-locations as well as...
The suppression of Arabidopsis succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) phenotype by using ethyl methane-sulfonate mutagenesis (EMS)
July 2017
The disruption of the succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) function in Arabidopsis leads to aberrant growth phenotype. In human, the SSADH malfunction leads to a condition known as γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) aciduria. It is characterized by the accumulation of GHB as well as abnormal growth. GHB aciduria is treated pharmacologically with compounds analogous to gamma-aminubutyrate (GABA). One of these compounds...
Flowers of the intertidal seagrass Halophila stipulacea (Forsskål) Ascherson: A new record from tropical coast of Tanzania, Indo-Pacific
July 2017
Flowers of the seagrass Halophila stipulacea (Forsskål) Ascherson in Tanzania are currently unreported. The present study was conducted along the coast of Tanzania, Indo-Pacific, Kunduchi intertidal mudflats. Transplanted cuttings from Kunduchi intertidal mudflats were successfully grown in sand-mud substrate in the growth chamber in a 12 h photoperiod (1,250 µmol photons m-2s-1) and an inductive...
Genotype × environment interactions for grain yield in rice under no drought and drought conditions
July 2017
Environments in sub-Saharan Africa fluctuate considerably across sites and seasons. This suggests the importance of assessing genotype x environment interaction (GEI) in cultivar development. The objective of this study was to estimate the magnitude of GEI for rice grain yield and identify high yielding and stable rice genotypes. Fifty six genotypes including 45 F3 rice populations, their 10 parents and one check were...
Effect of different rate of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and yield of cabbage (Brassica Oleraceae) at Debre Markos, North West Ethiopia
July 2017
A research was conducted at Debre Markos, North West Ethiopia in 2015. The objective of the study was to evaluate different rate of nitrogen fertilizer on growth and yield of cabbage. The experment was laidout in randomized complete block design with four treatments and three replication. Nitrogen fertilizer have no significant effect on plant height and number of outer leaves, while leaf length, leaf width, head...
Urban and peri-urban crop farming in Central Uganda: Characteristics, constraints and opportunities for household food security and income
July 2017
Urban and peri-urban farming has a potential to address challenges related to food insecurity among city and town dwellers. It provides the urban population with food, nutrition and a source of income and employment, thus reducing on poverty and food scarcity. It has the advantage of proximity to urban markets which saves on transportation costs, thereby increasing farmers’ profitability. This study was carried...
Oversensitivity of Arabidopsis gad1/2 mutant to NaCl treatment reveals the importance of GABA in salt stress responses
June 2017
Salt stress is one of the major problems in agricultural fields. Currently, more than 20% of irrigated agricultural lands are affected by salinity. High concentrations of sodium affects plant growth by competing with the uptake of important ions like potassium (K+), and posing osmotic stress. Some plant species developed mechanisms such as modifying cellular metabolism to minimize effects of high salt concentrations....
Phytotoxicity of extracts of Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh bioprocessed in vegetable crop sensitive to allelochemicals
June 2017
The present work is a contribution to the advancement of the scientific knowledge of vegetal species of the Amazon and training of professionals in the area of vegetal and related sciences in the use of alternative methods and techniques more coherent with the context of the socioeconomic and environmental reality of the region. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of extracts prepared from bioprocessed remaining...
Glycosinolate changes in rapeseed varieties in advanced generations
June 2017
The aim of this study was to determine the changes in glycosinolate levels that may arise from cross pollination in the advanced generations in rapeseed. With the greenhouse conditions in addition to two different locations, this study was carried out in 3 locations with two varieties and repeated for 3 years. As a result, the changes in glycosinolate levels in the advanced generations were statistically significant....
Combining ability and heterotic orientation of mid-altitude sub-humid tropical maize inbred lines for grain yield and related traits
June 2017
Information on the combining ability and heterotic pattern of elite inbred lines is essential to maximize their use in hybrid maize development. This study was conducted to determine combining ability and heterotic pattern of locally developed maize inbred lines for grain yield and related traits. Seventeen inbred lines (10 female inbred lines and 7 tester inbred lines) were used to generate 70 single cross hybrids...
Nondestructive maturity assessment tools for commercially viable fruits and vegetables in Uganda
June 2017
Fruit and vegetable maturity at harvest influences transportation and storage requirements as well as market value. However, small scale farmers in Uganda lack technologies for maturity assessment leading to high pre- and post-harvest losses and low financial returns from fruit and vegetable farms. This study, therefore, assessed the development of fruits (pineapple, passion fruit, watermelon) and vegetables (cabbage,...
New records of basidiomycetous macrofugi from Kurdistan region - Northern Iraq
June 2017
This study was carried out within February to June, 2015 to 2016 on macrofungi samples collected from different localities within Iraqi Kurdistan region - Northern Iraq. This mountainous region is rich in forest trees with diverse groups of shrubs and herbs and is expected to support the growth of many macrofungal species. However, this part of Iraq is still unexplored from macrofungal point of view. In this paper seven...
Curvularia lunata as, a dominant seed-borne pathogen in Dalbergia sissoo Roxb: Its location in seed and its phytopathological effects
June 2017
Dalbergia sissoo (shisham) seeds naturally infected with Curvularia lunata showed either black discoloration (1.25 to 8.75%) or appeared dull (0.50 to 10.0%). When they were incubated, they yielded pure growth of the pathogen. During location studies, cleared whole mount preparation and component plating revealed the presence of infection restricted to the seed coat and cotyledons of asymptomatic...
Growth, symbiotic and yield response of N-fertilized and Rhizobium inoculated common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
June 2017
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important and widely cultivated pulse crops in most developing countries. However, its cultivation is globally constrained mainly by low soil fertility and lack of improved agronomic practices. A field experiment was conducted at Hawassa University College of Agriculture, Hawassa Southern Ethiopia to determine the effect of N fertilization and Rhizobium phaseoli...
Effects of light conditions on the growth of commercial seaweed Undaria pinnatifida
June 2017
The artificial lighting conditions which promoted growth of the gametophytes and sporophytes of brown alga Undaria pinnatifida were examined. The seaweed was subjected to continuous or intermittent white, blue, or red light. There were notable, but not significant, differences in gametophyte and sporophyte growth between continuous and intermittent (104 Hz) white light conditions. Gametophyte growth was promoted most...
Genetic variability, heritability and variance components of some yield and yield related traits in second backcross population (BC2) of cassava
June 2017
Second backcross population developed from crosses between wild relative Manihot walkarae and Manihot esculenta were evaluated using randomized complete block design at National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI) Umudike in 2011 and 2012 cropping seasons. The objective of this study was to assess the extent of genetic variability, heritability, variance components of some yield, yield related traits, pest and...
Pod yield stability and adaptation of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes evaluated in multi-environmental trials in Zimbabwe
May 2017
Twenty-five groundnut genotypes were evaluated to identify the types of Genotype-Environment-Interaction (GEI) for pod yield. Genotypes were evaluated under multi-environmental yield trial conducted in 2013/14 season at five environments. The objectives of the experiment were to: identify genotypes with high pod yield stability, to identify genotypes with specific/wide adaptation, identify groundnut mega environments...
Utilization of wild relatives for maize (Zea mays L.) improvement
May 2017
Experimentally induced introgression and selection during domestication and maize (Zea mays L.) improvement involved selection of specific alleles at genes controlling morphological and agronomic traits, resulting in reduced genetic diversity relative to unselected genes. The plant breeder would have to extend crosses to the wild relatives to introduce novel alleles and diversify the genetic base of elite breeding...
Assessment of genetic diversity among released and elite Ethiopian barley genotypes using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers
May 2017
Barley is a major cereal grown widely and used in several food products, beverage production and animal feed. Being the fourth most important cereal crop in the world and the fifth rank in Ethiopia, it is a cash crop and used as a source of malt by the brewery industries, as food for human and feed for animals. Genetic diversity assessment is a key component in breeding programs. High level of polymorphism,...
Rhizobium inoculation and sulphur fertilizer improved yield, nutrients uptake and protein quality of soybean (Glysine max L.) varieties on Nitisols of Assosa area, Western Ethiopia
May 2017
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effect of inoculation of Rhizobium strain and sulphur fertilization on seed and straw yields, nutrients uptake and seedquality protein of two soybean (Glysine max L.) varieties. The experiment consisted of four levels of S (0, 20, 30 and 40 kgha-1), three Rhizobium strains (MAR-1495, SB-6-1-A2and TAL-379) and two soybean varieties (Belessa-95 and Wollo) combined...
Response of Cyperus papyrus productivity to changes in relative humidity, temperature and photosynthetically active radiation
May 2017
Ecosystem development is related to climatic conditions. To assess the effect of seasonal changes in climate factors on papyrus ecosystem development, community biomass was estimated non-destructively and climate factors recorded in the wetland. Absolute aerial biomass and productivity were not significantly different between wet and dry seasons. Although there was significant vapour pressure deficit change over the...
Fall management of fleabane based on glyphosate+2, 4-D, MSMA and glufosinate applied isolated or in tank mixture with residual herbicides
May 2017
Fleabane (Conyza spp.) has spread in no-tillage areas of Paraná State (PR), Brazil, and currently represents one of the main challenges related to weed control, particularly during off-season period. For this purpose, two experiments were carried out in Campina da Lagoa (PR) and Floresta (PR) with the aim of assessing the efficacy of herbicide treatments applied to fleabane areas during the off-season period...
Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used for treating preschool children anemia in an urban setting, Douala-Cameroon
May 2017
Anemia is one of the most widespread public health problems which mainly affect preschool children. Its prevalence is 60% in Cameroon and due to poverty, many patients turn towards medicinal plants for treatment. This study was designed to compile plants used for the treatment of anemia in the Littoral Region (Douala) of Cameroon and classify them based on their use. An ethnobotanical survey was carried out in December...
Sucker multiplication in plantain using chicken manure as a substrate supplement
May 2017
This study was carried out to evaluate the response of chicken manure (CM) as a substrate supplement for sucker multiplication and its effect on varietal differences in two subgroups of plantain (Apantu, a False Horn and Apem, a French plantain), using well-developed sword suckers. The research was laid out in a 2 x 2 factorial randomized complete block design with two substrates (chicken manure/sawdust mix and sole...
Variation of leaf and fruit characteristics of Vitellaria paradoxa (shea tree) according to agronomical performance along south-north climatic gradient in Mali
May 2017
Shea trees identified for agronomical performances were compared through leaf and fruit characteristics. Seventy adult trees were selected using purposive sampling from seven sites along a south-north climatic gradient covering four agro-climatic zones. The effects of two factors (type of performance and site) on leaf and fruit parameters were investigated. Results showed significant effect of the type of the...
Phytochemicals, antioxidant potentials and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of Piper guineense (Schumach & Thonn) seed
April 2017
The study involved preparation, phytochemical screening and evaluation of antioxidant potentials of the extract of Piper guineense. This was with a view to investigating the possibility of using the plant in the treatment and management of oxidant and inflammatory related disorders. Spices are herbs that contain complex mixtures of phytochemicals which give characteristic odours, flavours and protect living systems from...
Detection of genetic diversity among some species of Anthemis L. (Asteraceae) in Saudi Arabia by using RAPD-PCR analysis
April 2017
The aim of the present study was to determine the unique molecular markers among, three species of the genus Anthemis and the construction of phylogenetic tree using the random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) technique. Genetic diversity was analyzed among 15 populations of three species of Anthemis (Anthemis melampodina, Anthemis, pseudocotula and Anthemis, bornmuelleri), collected from...
Effect of inter and intra row spacing on the yield and yield components of Onion (Allium cepaL.) at Mehoni District, Northern Ethiopia
April 2017
Onion is one of the most important high market value bulb crops cultivated commercially in most parts of the world. It is the most cultivated and high market value of vegetable crops In Tigray Northern Ethiopia. However, bulb yield of onion is limited due to improper use of plant spacing. Therefore, field experiment was conducted to determine the optimum planting spacing of Onion to maximize its productivity in 2014 and...
Genetic diversity assessment of Guzoita abyssinica using EST derived simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers
April 2017
Niger (Guzoita abyssinica) is traditionally very important in the production of oil and as an oilseed crop in Ethiopia. The level of Niger genetic diversity is not studied at molecular level particularly with microsatellite markers which are cost effective, informative and co-dominant. In this study, contrasting samples of 65 Ethiopian Niger germplasm accessions collected from diversified eco-geographic regions were...
Studies on morphology and anatomy of Strychnos spinosa Lam. (Loganiaceae)
April 2017
Strychnos spinosa Lam. belongs to the family Loganiaceae. It is a small tree. The morphological and anatomical features of the leaves, stem, flower and fruit were studied. S. spinosa has a cylindrical stem with a pair of spines at irregular spaces. The leaves are opposite, decussate, petiolate with palmate venation. The petals are greenish in colour, tubular with five lobes. There are numerous white...
Assessment of genotype x environment interaction and pod yield evaluation of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes in Zimbabwe
March 2017
Groundnut is an important component of the diet of both rural and urban populations in the Sub-Saharan Africa. The national average pod yield is 0.25 t/ha which is far less than the global average. The diverse environmental conditions of Zimbabwe make selection and release of stable groundnut genotypes a challenge, mainly due to genotype x environment interaction (GEI). Twenty-five groundnut genotypes were evaluated to...
Role of endomycorrhizae and Pseudomonas fluorescens on the acclimatization of micropropagated Stevia rebaudiana Bert. plantlets
March 2017
Stevia rebaudiana Bert. is a non-caloric sweetener plant of medicinal and commercial values. This study was performed to micropropagate Stevia and improve its ability to withstand the sudden shocks of the environmental changes during acclimatization by using endomycorrhizae and/or Pseudomonas fluorescens. In vitro establishment of Stevia was superior by culturing shoot tips and nodal segments of mature plants on...
Participatory varietal selection of intermediate altitude sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) genotypes in Western Part of Ethiopia
March 2017
Seven sorghum genotypes obtained from Melkassa Agricultural Research Center and local check collected from Assosa district were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications under farmers’ participatory selection scheme in western part of Ethiopia during 2013 main cropping season. The objectives of this experiment were to select superior intermediate sorghum varieties in the study area and...
Effect of thermotherapy duration, virus type and cultivar interactions on elimination of potato viruses X and S in infected seed stocks
March 2017
Virus infection in potato reduces yield through seed degeneration. This can be reduced by use of virus-free seed tubers. However, novel approaches are required to ensure availability of virus-free stocks, especially in developing countries where the seed potato system are evolving. Consequently, a laboratory experiment was conducted at Kachwekano ZARDI in Uganda to evaluate and determine appropriate procedures for...
Bridging the gap in quality and quantity of seed potatoes through farmer managed screen houses in Uganda
February 2017
Quality seed potato is a key factor in enhancing potato yields in Uganda. Available disease-free seed potato accounts for less than 5% of the whole potato seed market demand in Uganda leaving 95% as seed availability gap. This study was conducted to explore the potential of using farmer managed screen houses to alleviate the seed potato availability gap that exists in Uganda. Six screen houses of 7 m × 14 m each...
Evaluation of wheat cultivars for slow rusting resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia trticina Eriks) in Ethiopia
February 2017
Leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks) is the most common rust disease of wheat in wheat-producing areas of Ethiopia. The use of cultivars with durable resistance is the most economical way of controlling the disease. Field experiments were conducted at Ambo Plant Protection Research Center, Ethiopia during 2013 to 2014 main cropping seasons to reveal variability for field based slow rusting resistance to leaf rust among...
Management of Turcicum leaf blight [Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leonard & Suggs] of maize (Zea mays L.) through integration of host resistance and fungicide at Bako, Western Ethiopia
January 2017
Turcicum leaf blight (TLB) (Exserohilum turcicum) is a major disease affecting maize production in western Ethiopia. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of maize varieties integrated with fungicides on epidemics of turcicum leaf blight; to determine the effect of turcicum leaf blight severity on yield and yield components of maize; and to assess the cost and benefit of using fungicides. The field...
Performance evaluation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties in Raya Valley, Northern Ethiopia
January 2017
Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Leguminosae) is a crop widely distributed in all parts of the world. In Ethiopia, common bean is cultivated as a source of protein for local consumption and for export. Mostly, it grows in the warm and lowland areas of the country. The aim of this research was to identify and investigate the performance and genetic potential of P. vulgaris varieties in raya valley of southern tigray. Twelve...
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