Comparative pathogenicity studies of the Xanthomonas vasicola species on maize, sugarcane and banana
September 2015
Previous biochemical and molecular sequence analyses of Xanthomonas campestris pathovar musacearum, the etiological agent of banana Xanthomonas wilt, suggest that it belongs within the species Xanthomonas vasicola (X. vasicola pv. vasculorum and X. vasicola pathovar holcicola. However, the X. vasicola pathovar names were considered invalid according to pathovar naming standards and placed as one X. vasicola species;...
Soya bean glycine max (l.) Merr. genetic resources in Tanzania, 1905-2013
September 2015
Soya beans, first grown in what is now Tanzania early in the twentieth century, have always been a minor crop in area planted and total production. German East Africa introductions before 1918 were from Japan, China and Rhodesia. Introductions by the British Trusteeship of Tanganyika in 1938 and 1939 were from India, South Africa, the USA and the Far East. Hernon 237 was introduced in 1950 to replace...
Rizobacteria in the control of pest insects in agriculture
September 2015
Biological control of pest insects in agriculture is the focus of many studies, because of the risks in the continuous use of synthetic insecticides, which can cause resistant pests or the occurrence of secondary pests. The use of microorganisms like endophytic bacteria has been performed separately or combined with other forms of control in the Integrated Pest Management. Endophytic bacteria live inside host plants,...
Characterization of fructans from Agave durangensis
September 2015
Agave plants are members of the Agavaceae family and utilize crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) for CO2 fixation. Fructans are the main photosynthetic products produced by Agave plants, and are their principal source of storage carbohydrates. The aim of this work was to determine the chemical and molecular characterization of fructans from Agave durangensis. Fructans were extracted from 10 year old A. durangensis...
A method to use very small size potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers as seed
September 2015
Potato, being a vegetatively propagated crop, tubers of 30-60 g size is used as seed. Whereas, < 20 g size potato tubers are left in the soil itself after harvesting, as they are not suitable either for consumption or seed purpose. Seed pelleting technique is used to increase the tuber size and provide additional nutrient support. Two cultivars of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) with five different treatments...
Management of plant parasitic nematodes with fulan in mechanized yam production
September 2015
The potential of Fulan (2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran), a synthetic nematicide applied at 10 g /stand and two plant bed types; ridging and mounding to manage plant parasitic nematodes and increase the yield of yam was investigated at Ejura during 2011 and 2012 at three levels of N-P205-K50 (NPK). The factorial experiment was mounted on randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Ridged bed type + the...
Crude protein electrophoresis of Ludwigia (L.) species in Nigeria and its taxonomic implications
September 2015
Leaves of nine species of Ludwigia were collected from Southwestern Nigeria and the crude proteins were extracted and analysed by electrophoretic fractionation. The results shows that Ludwigia octovalvis var linearis, Ludwigia octovalvis var brevisepala, Ludwigia hyssopifolia and Ludwigia abyssinica are more closely related based on the position of protein bands. Also, Ludwigia decurrens A and Ludwigia adscendens subsp....
Comparative response of catechin levels in drought tolerant and drought susceptible tea clones (Camellia sinensis) (L) O. Kuntze under different moisture regimes
August 2015
In tea (Camellia sinensis) water stress generally affects the content of various plant secondary metabolites including catechins. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of different soil moisture content on the catechin levels of various tea clones. We found out that variation of soil water content and accumulation of catechins were strongly correlated. The experiment was conducted in an open field with...
Genetic variability studies of Valencia groundnut varieties for late leaf spot (Phaeoisariopsis personata) resistance
August 2015
The study was initiated to determine the genetic variability of late leaf spot (LLS) resistance among segregating generations of Valencia groundnut varieties. Crosses were made between NuMex-M3 × ICGV-SM 02501, Valencia C × ICGV-SM 02501, Redbeauty × ICGV-SM 03590 and Valencia C × SGV-07009 parental lines and the resulting generations (F1, F2, BC1P1 and BC1P2,), along with parents for each cross,...
Vital role of herbal medicines in women’s health: A perspective review
August 2015
This is a perspective review of medicinal plants useful traditionally for women's healthcare in countries like India. Medicinal plants have a significant role in women's healthcare in many rural areas. Plants with therapeutic efficacious observations have historically been used as a starting point in the development of new drugs, and modern pharmaceuticals have been derived from them. A review about the...
Assessment of chemical compositions of three antimalarial plants from Akure, Southwestern Nigeria: A preliminary study
August 2015
Malaria has been a menace to the health conditions of both rural and urban populations in Nigeria. Ethnobotanical survey revealed the use of Anthocleista djalonensis A. Chev, Lophira alata Banks ex C.F. Gaertn. and Olax subscorpioidea Oliv. in the treatment of malaria in Akure, Southwestern Nigeria. The powdered plant samples were screened for phytochemical constituents, proximate composition and mineral elements...
Effects of different hormones on organogenesis in vitro of some varieties of cassava (Manihot esculenta CRANTZ) grown in Senegal
August 2015
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is a perennial euphorbiaceous shrub grown mainly for its starchy tubers and its leaves rich in protein. The most known method of propagation of this crop is the classical cuttings’ planting. However, in vitro propagation appears most useful and permits to obtain high quantity of healthy vegetable material in a short period. In this work, it was to study the impact of different hormones...
Assessing the genetic diversity of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] accessions from Sudan using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers
July 2015
Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among 252 cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.)Walp) accessions collected throughout the six geographical regions of Sudan were evaluated using simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers. Eighteen (18) published primer pairs were selected based on their informativeness, out of which 16 primer pairs gave reproducible results among all of the cowpea accessions tested. A total...
Phytochemical evaluation of various parts of Dracaena arborea Link. and Dracaena mannii Bak.
July 2015
Phytochemical evaluation of leaves, stems and roots of Dracaena arborea (Link) and Dracaena mannii (Bak) present in southeastern Nigeria was carried out, to determine their taxonomical data with regards to their phytochemicals contents (flavonoid, saponin, tannin, cyanide, lectin, phytate and calcium oxalate) using standard methods. The results show varying quantities of the phytochemicals in the leaves, stems and roots...
Adverse impact of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt on farmers’ livelihoods in Eastern and Central Africa
July 2015
Banana is a key crop in the livelihoods of many people in the Great Lakes region of East and Central Africa. For more than a decade now, the crop has been threatened by Banana Xanthomonas Wilt (BXW) which has spread throughout the region but at different rates. The disease attacks all banana cultivars and can cause up to 100% yield losses at farm level if effective control measures are not put in place. However, limited...
Filing considerably breaks seed dormancy of Berchemia discolour Hemsley
June 2015
In this study, the effectiveness of different pre-treatment methods for the breakings of seed dormancy in Berchemia discolour Hemsley seeds was assessed. Viable seeds were randomly sampled and subjected to different pre-treatment methods which include filing, soaking in 98% concentrated sulphuric acid, pre-chilling and boiling. For each treatment, ten seeds were used and three replications were done for each treatment....
Effect of sunflower stover and nutrients management on soil biological properties and available nitrogen and phosphorus at different stage of pigeonpea growth under pigeonpea-sunflower cropping system
June 2015
A fixed plot field experiment was carried out during 2008-09 and 2009-10 at New Delhi, India to study the “effects of sunflower stover, nitrogen and phosphorus management on soil health under pigeonpea-sunflower cropping system’’. Kharif season experiment in the first year was laid out in split-plot design, assigning sunflower stover incorporation (8 t/ha) and no stover incorporation (control) to main...
Differential response of early and intermediate flowering strawberry cultivars to nursery late-season nitrogen applications and digging date
June 2015
The response of ‘Ventana’, an early flowering cultivar, and ‘Camarosa’, an intermediate flowering cultivar, to nursery late-season nitrogen (N) applications and digging date were studied in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch). Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, runner plants dug on September 20 and October 11 from a high-latitude nursery in California, were established in...
Functional analysis of the UDP glucose: Flavonoid-3-Oglucosyltransferase (UFGT) promoter from litchi (Litchi chinesis Sonn.) and transient expression in onions (Allium cepa Linn.)
June 2015
The expression of the UDP glucose: flavonoid-3-Oglucosyltransferase (UFGT), which encoded the last enzyme of the anthocyanin pathway, was under developmental control as well as affected by external stimuli such as ABA. Three fragments of the 1.38 kb upstream region of the UFGT gene from Litchi (Litchi chinesis Sonn.) were fused to the GUS-coding region, and the expression of these constructs was analyzed in onions. To...
Pollen morphology of six species of subfamily Stachyoideae (Lamiaceae) in Saudi Arabia
May 2015
The pollen morphological characters of 6 species belonging to 4 genera of the subfamily Stachyoideae (Lamiaceae) growing naturally in Saudi Arabia were investigated with the aid of light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), to find new features that might increase knowledge of pollen morphology of the species, and also to help the taxonomic characterization of the Stachyoideae genera. The...
Diversity status of the family, Euphorbiaceae in about 30 km radius of Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project area, Southern India
May 2015
A detailed Euphorbiaceae flora study was carried out from 30 km radius of Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project area. The survey was conducted from September 2012 to August 2013. A total of 32 species under 12 genera belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae were collected and identified. For each species, botanical name, local name, life-form, habitat and flowering season were mentioned. A statistical summary is presented at...
Potential to increase cassava yields through cattle manure and fertilizer application: Results from Bunda College, Central Malawi
May 2015
In Malawi, increasing human population and low productivity of cassava (Manihot esculenta [Crantz]), the second most important food crop after maize, necessitate the intensification of agronomic options for cassava production. A study was therefore conducted in 2012-2013 season on a chromic Luvisol at Bunda College (14° 35 S’; 33° 50 E’), Central Malawi, to evaluate the effects of inorganic...
Participatory varietal selection of maize (Zea Mays L.) in Pawe and Guangua districts, North Western Ethiopia
April 2015
Maize (Zea mays L.) plays a critical role in smallholder farmers for food security in Ethiopia. So far, maize variety selection was done without much consideration of farmers' interest. However, farmers have indigenous knowledge to select best performing varieties which suit their environments. This study was aimed to identify more number of preferred maize varieties by farmers in a shorter time (than the...
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Lepidium sativum population collected from Ethiopia
April 2015
Lepidium sativum L. (family Brassicaceae), is underutilized medicinal plant with worldwide distribution. In Ethiopia, L. sativum occurs in all regions and agro-ecologies at different altitudinal ranges. The study was conducted to assess the genetic diversity of L. sativum populations from Ethiopia using molecular marker and agronomic traits. Molecular data generated from inter simple sequence repeat bands recorded...
Yield parameter response of maize (Oba Super 2) to earthworm cast and anthill soil under greenhouse condition
April 2015
The study of earthworm cast and anthill as plant-soil systems and the surrounding soil is helpful in the appraisal of soil and crop productivity. Therefore, this study was carried out in a tropical and subtropical area to determine the effect of plant-soil systems and the surrounding soil on the yield parameters (plant height, leave surface and dry matter weight) of maize (Oba Super 2) under greenhouse condition....
Complete inhibition of mycelial growth of fungal pathogens of maize by botanicals
March 2015
Rice husk extract (RHE), bamboo extract (BE) and wood extract (WE) at different concentration levels (0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%) were evaluated (in completely randomized design) in vitro as an antagonist to mycelial growth of selected fungal pathogens of maize. Botanical preparations were utilized singly (rice husk, bamboo and wood extracts) and in combinations (RHE x BE, RHE x WE, BE x WE and RHE x BE x WE). RHE at...
Genetic analysis of groundnut rosette virus disease in groundnut (Archis hypogaea L.)
March 2015
Groundnut chlorotic rosette disease (GCRD) transmitted by the aphid, Aphis craccivora, is an important virus disease of groundnut in Africa. Breeding for host resistance remains the best strategy to minimize losses due to this disease. Nine cultivated groundnut genotypes with differential reaction to GCRD were crossed in an incomplete diallel mating design to determine the combining ability of GCRD resistance. The...
Acclimatization results of micro-propagated plantlets
March 2015
This work is an analysis of the structured-functional particularities of regeneration of introduced varieties of Vaccinium corymbosum L. and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. under in vitro and ex vitro conditions. The anatomical structures of the leaves of V. corymbosum and V. vitis-idaea cultivated under aseptical culture, greenhouse and open ground were studied. It is shown that conditioned cultivation superimposes the...
Floristic diversity under anthropogenic activities in the protected forests of Duekoué and Scio in southwestern Côte d’Ivoire
March 2015
This study analyses the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on trees and shrubs floristic α-diversity in two protected rain forests in southwestern Côte d’Ivoire. These forests have been under timber harvesting since their protection in 1929. The forestry service had developed plantations of indigenous timber species and teak since 1996 to increase their productivities for timbers. Additionally, they...
NaCl tolerance studies at seedling stage among different genotypes of Helianthus annus L.
March 2015
A greenhouse research was conducted at the research area of Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad to evaluate 20 accessions for the identification of salt tolerant genotypes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as well as their characteristics. The experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with three repeats. Salinity was developed with NaCl to achieve the final...
Assessment of nodulation of Mucuna pruriens by promiscuous native rhizobia population, Southeast Nigeria
March 2015
The potency and competitive ability of indigenous rhizobia population in soil to nodulate a non-native legume host has been contentious especially in tropical Africa. This study examined the symbiotic compatibility between the indigenous rhizobia population and a non-native legume species. Soil samples were randomly collected with soil auger at 0 - 30 cm depth from agricultural fields southeast, Nigeria. The control...
Maize: Panacea for hunger in Nigeria
March 2015
Maize (Zea mays) is always preferred to other crops, and it is fast becoming an industrial crop in Sub-Saharan African countries. Nigeria has been divided into low, medium, medium to high and high maize production potential groups. Traditionally, maize was mostly grown in forest ecology in Nigeria but large scale production has moved to the savanna zone, especially the Northern Guinea savanna, where yield potential is...
Spatiotemporal variations of Tricolia affinis (C.B. Adams, 1850) associated with the macroalgal community on reef stretches at Piedade beach, southern coast of Pernambuco State, Brazil
March 2015
The aim of the present study was to assess the correlation between the spatiotemporal variation of the gastropod Tricolia affinis and the macroalgal community on the sandstone reef at Piedade beach on the southern coast of Pernambuco State (PE) during the rainy and dry seasons in 2009 and 2010. Five square plots were randomly sampled on each date on the reef flat and pool to sample the gastropod population and measure...
Survey of ethno-veterinary medicinal plants at selected Horro Gudurru Districts, Western Ethiopia
March 2015
Plant remedies are still the most important in therapeutics of treat livestock diseases, though large knowledge of ethno medicinal plants is declining to deterioration due to the oral passage of herbal heritage verbally. The objective of the study was to identify and document ethno-veterinary medicinal plants. The study was carried out from January to July 2014 at selected Horro Gudurru districts of western Ethiopia....
The effective method of potato cultivation
March 2015
Potatoes occupy a considerable place in food ration of Uzbekistan’s population. That is why over the past few years, there are various researches on traditional ways of increasing the amount of potatoes produced as well as the generally accepted methods of their cultivation. One of such methods is generative propagation of potatoes. Key words: True potato seed, greenhouse, seedlings, minitubers,...
Physiological nutrient use efficiency of banana hybrids across agro ecological regions in Uganda
February 2015
Banana is an important source of food and income for millions of people in sub-Saharan Africa and Uganda in particular. This makes it one of the most important food crops in the country. However, production is limited by both biotic and abiotic constraints. Among the biotic constraints, is the decline in soil fertility. In addressing some of these biotic and abiotic constraints, banana breeding programmes are developing...
Efficacy of selected plant extracts against Tribolium castaneum Herbst in stored groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
February 2015
The efficacy of powders of plant parts from Azadirachta indica, Lawsonia inermis, Annona senegalensis and Hyptis suaveolens at 10, 15 and 20 g/250 g seeds was tested using Complete Randomized Design (CRD) against the storage pest Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) in groundnut in the laboratory. At 28 days after application, mean number of seeds damaged was 0.33±0.33 for A. indica and 2.33±0.33 for L. inermis at...
Integrated management of Cercospora leaf spots of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) through host resistance and fungicides in Eastern Ethiopia
February 2015
Cercospora leaf spots caused by Cercospora arachidicola and Cercosporidium personatum are the most widespread diseases of groundnut that result in severe yield losses in Ethiopia. Field trials were conducted at Babile and Dire Dawa to evaluate the effect of integrated use of host resistance and fungicides on the temporal epidemics of leaf spots and yield of groundnut. The experiments were conducted during the 2010 main...
Coffee leaf damaging insects’ occurrence in the forest coffee ecosystem of southwestern Ethiopia
February 2015
Insects are diverse and abundant in forest ecosystems, but poorly documented in afromontane rainforests in Southwestern Ethiopia where Coffea arabica L. originated and is distributed worldwide. Therefore, the present study was initiated to study the occurrence of coffee leaf damaging insect pests in the afromontane rainforest of southwestern Ethiopia. Accordingly, surveys on insect pest of coffee were conducted to...
In-situ morphological characterization of coconut in the Coastal Lowlands of Kenya
February 2015
Characterization of in situ coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) genotypes using morphological descriptors is of primary importance for genetic resources. Variations in five traits were recorded on 48 selected coconut palms located at 0 to 177 m above sea level in the Coastal Lowlands of Kenya. The objective of our study was to characterize coconut palms in the coastal Kenya using morphological markers. Data was recorded on...
Morphometric study of accessions of Sesamum indicum L. collected from Nigeria
February 2015
Sesamum (Sesamum indicum L.), is a very beneficial plant with manifold implementation in human life hence the identification of different species on the basis of morphological basis is indeed a need especially in less developed parts of the world. Morphometric studies of 12 accessions were carried out in order to find out characters which may be used for the delimitation of the accessions. Both quantitative and...
Hairy roots production in Phyllanthus odontadenius Müll. Arg. by seedlings transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4RS/pHKN29
February 2015
Phyllanthus odontadenius Müll. Arg is one of the most important medicinal plants in the genus Phyllanthus (Phyllanthaceae). It is used in different regions in the world for the treatment of various diseases for example malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum causing millions deaths in tropical and subtropical regions. In this work, we experimented P. odontadenius seeds germination and seedlings infected by...
Ethnobotanical study of indigenous knowledge of plant-material culture in Masha and Yeki Districts, Southwest Ethiopia
February 2015
Plants have been used throughout human history as a source of food, medicine and material culture. Several studies on plant material culture from Ethiopia, were limited to a certain geographical areas and ethnic groups. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to investigate the plants and associated indigenous knowledge of three ethnic groups (Shekacho, Sheko and Mejengir), residing in the Masha and Yeki Districts of...
Composition and taxonomic similarity of the periphytic algal community in different natural substrates in a neotropical floodplain, Brazil
January 2015
The present study investigated the species composition and taxonomic similarity of periphytic algae on three species of macrophytes (Eichhornia azurea Kunth, Nymphaea amazonum Martius & Zuccarini and Oxycaryum cubense (Poeppig & Kunth) Lye) and also some limnological variables in a lake permanently connected to the Paraná River at the Upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil, from June 2008 to March...
Development of elite medium staple cotton (G. Hirsutum) genotypes for production in middleveld upland ecologies
January 2015
Ten (10) medium staple cotton genotypes comprising of five commercial varieties and five experimental lines were evaluated for field performance, genetic and environmental variability. The trials were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Analysis of variance was done for total seed cotton yield, lint yield, boll weight, earliness and gin out turn (GOT %) using Genstat 14th...
Effect of weed control methods on weed density and maize (Zea mays L.) yield in west Shewa Orimia, Ethiopia
January 2015
Field experiments were conducted during 2013-2014 crop seasons at Ambo and Guder to study the effect of weed control methods on weed dynamics in maize (Zea mays L.) variety BH-660 in randomized complete block design with three replications. Five treatments, including Nicosulfuron (Arrow 75 WDG) at 0.09 kg ha-1 + silwet gold (adjuvant) at 0.10%, s-metolachlor 290 + Atrazine (Primagram) at 3.00 kg ha-1, s-metolachlor...
Distribution of kolanut weevil (Balanogastris kolae (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) in Cola nitida stored in baskets
January 2015
The kolanut weevil, Balanogastris kolae is usually referred to as a field-to-store pest as their infestation starts in the field and continues in storage. The distribution preferences of the weevil were investigated with a view of determining their vertical and horizontal distribution in storage baskets. The kola pods used for this experiment were obtained from kola groves at the Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria...
Efficacy of Moringa oleifera as a phytoextraction plant in the remediation of heavy metals polluted soil
December 2014
The efficacy of Moringa Oleifera, for the phytoextraction of heavy metals (Zn, Fe and Pb) in tropical soil was investigated. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) consisting of 3 blocks was used. Each block (A, B and C) was polluted with 100 mg Zn, Pb and Fe, respectively. Each block was subdivided into treatment and control of 5 replicates each. Two seedlings of M. Oleifera were planted in each treatment plot...
Potential pollinators of Tamarindus indica L. (Caesalpinioideae) in Sudanian region of Burkina Faso
December 2014
Tamarindus indica (Tamarind) is a socio-economically important tree species in the Sudanian and Sahelian zone of Africa. Few studies have shown that the species is pollinated by bees. In this article, first we studied the impact of the wind pollination. Secondly, we determined the visitors insect of the flowers of tamarind, studied the production of nectar and pollen. Thirdly, we established relation between nectar...
Distribution, chemical composition and medicinal importance of saffron (Crocus sativus L.)
December 2014
Crocus sativus L. is native to Iran and Greece, and is now cultivated largely in Southern Europe, Tibet and other countries. In India, it is mainly cultivated in Kashmir. C. sativus is an important medicinal plant with aphrodisiac, antispasmodic, expectorant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-depressant, anticancer and anti-tumor activities. Phytochemical investigations of the species have revealed the...
Page 6 of 16, showing 50 records out of 774 total, starting on record 251, ending on 300
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