Socio-demographic correlates of sexual behaviours II: A cross sectional survey of adolescents in Imo State secondary schools
April 2012
The study was designed to determine the socio-demographic correlates of sexual behaviours of the adolescents in Imo State secondary schools. The objectives are to determine the influence of peer pressure on sexual behaviours of the adolescents, the levels of sexual behaviours of the adolescents with various ages at first sexual intercourse and the levels of the sexual behaviours of the older and younger adolescents in...
Perception of female population health hazards associated with indoor air pollution in Karachi
April 2012
This study identified health hazards associated with indoor air pollution (IAP) in Karachi. The main purpose of the paper was to examine the extent to which female domestic cook experience health threats related with cooking environment, and to understand their perceptions of the link between IAP exposure and poor health outcomes. One hundred female domestic cook in Karachi City, Pakistan, were interviewed using a...
Different types of aero-allergens causing nasobronchial allergy in District Kupwara of Jammu and Kashmir State -India
April 2012
Nasobronchial allergy is one important type of respiratory disorder. Aero allergens like pollen, dust, fungus, dander and many others play important role in nasobronchial allergies particularly in asthma and rhinitis. The prevalence of nasobronchial allergy among populations all over the world has been increasing rapidly. The role of different inhalant allergens in nasobronchial allergy varies with environmental...
Examining the nutritional knowledge of nurses: A theoretical perspective
April 2012
Nurses have a fundamental responsibility of promoting good health and educating the patients they care for. This research explores nurses’ general knowledge about nutrition and whether the knowledge they have acquired is used in caring for their patients. The MEDLINE and the OVID database were searched for papers relating to the topic from 1990 to 2010 using “nurses and knowledge”, “nurses”...
Diagnosis of invasive squamous cell carcinoma: Impact of opportunistic screening in >70 years old women in Trentino (northern region of Italy)
March 2012
To assess the value of opportunistic screening in diagnosis of invasive squamous carcinoma found in >70 years old women in Trentino (northern region of Italy) in the period 2007 to 2010, the cytopathology Section of Rovereto Hospital examined 28589 opportunistic Pap smears. papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed in all histological specimens with diagnosis of low grade and...
Sero-prevalence of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) in small ruminants in Blue Nile, Gadaref and North Kordofan States of Sudan
March 2012
The present cross-sectional survey was conducted in Blue Nile, Gadarif and North Kordofan states of Sudan. The study was conducted during the period May 2005 to September 2006 to provide an overview of the most important diseases affecting small ruminants’ productivity. Results of interviews with small ruminants’ keepers indicated thatpeste des petitis ruminants (PPR) was found to be one of the most...
Cutaneous infectious diseases in Tunisian adolescents
March 2012
Few studies have been completed in adolescent’s cutaneous diseases. The aim of this work is to assess the adolescent epidemiological profile of the cutaneous infectious diseases and its evolution between 1997 and 2007. We have performed a comparative retrospective study on all adolescent outpatients attending Charles Nicolle’s Hospital Dermatological Department on 1997 and 2007 and focused on cutaneous...
Knowledge and awareness on HIV/AIDS among blood donors: A Study at Rajshahi, Bangladesh
March 2012
Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is the most devastating disease that mankind has ever faced. For being neighboring country of India, Bangladesh has been highly vulnerable to HIV infection. Though Bangladesh continues to maintain low HIV prevalence status, however the infection rate is on the rise at Rajshahi Division. Some studies have been carried out on the knowledge...
A descriptive study of behavioural patterns associated with gastrointestinal illness in the general Swedish population
February 2012
A nation-wide survey was conducted in 2009 to collect information about behavioural patterns possibly associated with gastrointestinal illness (GI) in the general Swedish population. One-third of the respondents used various internet and/or telephone resources to find information about GI. Nearly eighty percent said that they buy and consume certain food products or beverages, and one-third of the respondents claimed...
Prevalence and transmission of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among women in Khartoum State, Sudan
February 2012
This study was carried out from January 2008 to December 2009 to determine the prevalence of trichomoniasis among women in Khartoum State, Sudan. Two different hospitals were selected. The two hospitals were Ibrahim Malik hospital which is serving an urban area and Ombada hospital which is serving a rural area and migrant people coming from other parts of Sudan particularly Western Sudan. Monthly data was collected...
Enteric pathogens and diarrhea disease potentials of water sources in Ahiazu Mbaise, Eastern Nigeria
February 2012
This research was targeted at determining the load of enteric pathogens and possible diarrheal disease potentials of the water sources to prevent possible disease outbreak through improved portable water supply for the inhabitants. Water samples were collected from boreholes, underground tanks, and streams and subjected to standard microbiological analysis. The result of total heterotrophic bacterial count (THBC) and...
Prevalence and factors associated with healing outcomes of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers among patients with spinal cord injury
February 2012
Pressure ulcers remain a perennial challenge in the management of patients with spinal cord injury in developing countries due to lack of preventive facilities and trained personnel. This study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with healing outcomes of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers among patients with spinal cord injury in a Nigerian tertiary hospital. A retrospective case chart review of patients with...
Assessment of awareness on food borne zoonoses and its relation with veterinary public health services in and around Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
February 2012
A qualitative survey was conducted to assess the awareness on food borne zoonoses and its relation with veterinary public health services in Addis Ababa and its surrounding districts. Structured questionnaire was used in the study. Factors like educational level, information source, and profession, were considered for possible explanation of the results. The most frequently known zoonotic diseases were rabies (100%),...
The plight of Haitian refugees in the Dominican Republic: Physical/psychosocial consequences
January 2012
Haitians are the largest minority living in Dominican Republic. These destitute people escaped the deprivations and disasters of their home country only to face other more tyrannical situations at asylums in the Dominican Republic. This manuscript focuses on the health consequences facing Haitians living on the north coast of the Dominican Republic. Their plight is a humanitarian crisis that requires the joint efforts...
Primary health care services in Nigeria: Critical issues and strategies for enhancing the use by the rural communities
January 2012
Quality health is a fundamental right of all Nigerian citizens. While primary health care (PHC) centres are relatively uniformly distributed throughout local government areas (LGAs) in Nigeria, the rural people tend to underuse the basic health services. This article examines some cross cutting issues in PHC and outlines strategies to enhance the utilization of health services by rural people. The responsibility...
A study of fertility intentions of women in Uyo, Nigeria
January 2012
Fertility desires are known to reflect subsequent fertility behaviour, therefore, understanding these desires therefore could help in planning strategies to modify fertility behaviour. We undertook the study to contribute useful information in planning future family planning strategies in our region. This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study among antenatal women in two health facilities in Uyo, Nigeria....
Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella serotypes isolated from human and animals in Sudan
January 2012
The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of multidrug resistance among Salmonella enterica serotypes recovered from human and animals in Sudan. A total of 119 Salmonella isolates recovered from stools of humans, cattle, camels and poultry were subjected to in vitro susceptibility against 10 commonly prescribed antibacterial agents. The test was done by the disc diffusion...
An ecological view of the risk factors for tuberculosis in the United States
January 2012
There is scientific evidence of socio-demographic, behavioral and health risk factors associated with tuberculosis (TB) infection and TB disease. The primary objective of the study was to examine the correlation of TB risk factors at the state level in the United States (US) to obtain insights specific to the state of TB in the US. Secondary data from the centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) and US Census...
Obesity: A major public health challenge of 21st century in the United Kingdom (UK)
December 2011
Obesity is one of the greatest public health challenges of modern times, especially in the UK, with its attendant negative health consequences and huge wider cost to the society. This paper aims to shed more light, stimulate debate and further research into the fifth wave of public health as well as emphasizing the strength and pitfall of basic principles of public health in addressing obesity. It examines the problem...
Gender differentials in factors associated with HIV testing intentions in Kenya: An application of the health belief model
December 2011
Demand for HIV testing and counseling has been growing with intensified efforts to scale up antiretroviral treatment globally. In Kenya, HIV testing and counselling programs have been expanding at an unprecedented pace. Knowledge of levels and associates of testing intentions is of essence. To obtain such knowledge, a recent nationally representative sample of reproductive-aged women and men was analyzed applying the...
Maternal education and child nutritional status in the Democratic Republic of Congo
December 2011
Using data from the 2001 Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)-Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey, this study examines association between maternal education and child nutritional status in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Analyses are based on chi-square tests and logit generalized estimating equations. The results showed that maternal education difference in child nutritional status depends on the nutritional status...
A systematic review of epidemiological studies on the association between smokeless tobacco use and coronary heart disease
December 2011
A systematic review was conducted of epidemiological studies focusing on the association between smokeless tobacco (SLT) use and coronary heart disease (CHD) in order to summarize the evidence and to identify scope for further study in South Asian countries. PubMed and ISI Web of Science databases were searched to find epidemiological studies (cohort, case-control and cross-sectional) published until 27 October, 2011....
A meta analysis of prevalence rate of hypertension in Nigerian populations
December 2011
This study aimed at synthesizing population-based studies on prevalence of hypertension in Nigeria from 1990 to 2009. General databases and subject-specific databases were searched for primary studies. Manuscripts of appropriate studies were retrieved. Based on some criteria, only eligible studies were included in the study. A total of 9 studies all from South-West region of Nigeria that fulfilled the inclusion criteria...
Combined intervention of intermittent preventive therapy and long-lasting insecticide treated nets among pregnant women in Nigeria
December 2011
Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) prophylaxis and use of Long Lasting Insecticide Treated nets (LLINs) are the main interventions recommended by WHO to reduce malaria risks during pregnancy. To assess the degree of coverage against malaria afforded by treated mosquito net alone or combined with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine among currently pregnant women (cpw) in Nigeria. A population-based cross-sectional household survey...
Attitudes of antenatal patients at a tertiary hospital in Southern Nigeria towards caesarean section
December 2011
Caesarean section has contributed immensely to improved obstetric care throughout the world. In developing countries especially the sub-Saharan Africa, there is a great aversion to caesarean section. This study aims to assess the attitudes of antenatal patients at the University of Port-Harcourt Teaching Hospital towards caesarean section. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 antenatal clients seen at the...
Studying physical and sociological environment of malaria to implement an indoor insecticide spraying campaign in Oueme region, Benin
December 2011
Malaria is among the main problems of public health in Africa. In Benin, indoor residual spraying (IRS) of bendiocarb has been proposed by the National Malaria Control Programme in the districts of Adjohoun, Dangbo, Misserete and Seme to help eradicate the malaria-causing mosquito. Prior to implementing an IRS program, a study of the local physical and sociological environment was assessed to identify the...
Are Muslim women behind in their knowledge and use of contraception in India?
December 2011
This paper uses District Level House Survey (DLHS) and National Family Health Survey (NFHS) data to investigate the use and knowledge of contraceptive methods within two religious communities in India, Muslim and Hindu. The obligations and tenets of their religion require Muslim women to defer from using any contraceptive method. Such commitments to one’s faith may turn out to be a deterrent in the use of...
Education, poor antenatal care coverage and teenage pregnancy at Kassala Hospital, Eastern Sudan
December 2011
The present study was conducted at Kassala hospital in eastern Sudan over six month’s duration (April to October, 2009) to determine antenatal care coverage, risk of anemia, obstructed labor, preterm birth and low birth weight among teenage primiparous women (<20 years) with singleton deliveries compared with the similar group of women aged 20 to 35 years. All primiparous women who delivered single...
Quality of General Practitioner Referral Letters to a South African Tertiary Hospital: Determinants of Quality Content and Good Practice
November 2011
The aim of this paper is to describe the essential elements of information, to assess the quality of content, to audit the referral practice and to identify the determinants of both good referral and practice from the general practitioners’ referral letters received at a tertiary hospital. A cross-sectional descriptive and evaluative study was conducted at theOutpatient Department of the Dr. George...
A Study on Outbreak of Dengue from Bihar, India-Establishing New Foci, Attributable to Climatic Changes Ragini Mishra1* and Prashant Kumar2
November 2011
Dengue fever (DF) is a mosquito-borne viral infection which is emerging fast in terms of mortality and morbidity in humans worldwide, particularly in tropical and subtropical countries. DF is characterized clinically by headache, retro-orbital pain, myalgia, arthralgia, integumentary rashes, and sometimes with haemorrhagic manifestations. Aedes aegypti, the main vector species of dengue fever/dengue haemorrhagic...
Community Attitudes Towards Male Involvement in Home Based Care Activities for People Living with HIV and AIDS in Maseno Division, Western Kenya
November 2011
Home-based care has emerged as an effective method of providing cost-effective and compassionate care to those infected with HIV and AIDS. Traditionally, women have been in the forefront in the provision of care for those infected with HIV/AIDS. However, there was low male involvement in home-based care services and little research has been done. This paper assesses community attitudes towards male involvement in...
Prescription Errors Prevalent in Four Units of a University Teaching Hospital in Nigeria
November 2011
Errors in prescription in medical practice are a source of adverse events that can be prevented. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence of prescription errors and predisposing factors in four units (medical out-patient, general out-patient, wards, accident and emergency) of the University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan. Twelve error descriptors developed from literature review were used to review the 1866...
Socio-Economic Inequalities in the Risk of Diseases and Associated Risk Factors in India
November 2011
Extant literature is full of studies on socio-economic inequalities in maternal and child health in India but studies on inequalities in risk of diseases are limited. We use data from India Human Development Survey (IHDS) conducted in 2004-05 to test two hypotheses: first, diabetes and high blood pressure are associated with affluence; and second, tuberculosis and mental illness are associated with poverty. We use...
Esthetic Self-Perception of HIV/AIDS Patients under Antiretroviral Therapy Suffering from Lipodystrophic Syndrome and its Influence on the Quality of Life in a City of the Brazilian Northeast
November 2011
This paper aims to evaluate the impact of lipodystrophic syndrome (LDS) on the quality of life and esthetic self-perception of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) under highly activeantiretroviral therapy (HAART). This is an exploratory observational study, with quantitative and qualitative data, using world health organization quality of life instrument – HIV(WHOQOL-HIV BREF) and esthetic...
Risk for Unplanned Early Hospital Re-admission for Patients with Respiratory Tract Diseases: A Retrospective Study
November 2011
The purpose of this study was to identify unplanned hospital re-admission risk factors in patients with respiratory tract diseases in Taiwan. This was a retrospective study. Study subjects were patients with primary diagnosis of respiratory tract diseases, which were defined by using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes. Eight hundred and seventy-six...
Impacts of HIV/AIDS on Secondary School Science Teachers and Learners in Namibia
November 2011
Namibia’s secondary school science teachers and learners are critical to the success of the country’s science, technology, engineering, and mathematics renaissance project. However, due to the high prevalence of HIV, there are fears that they may succumb to AIDS. Despite the eminent threats of HIV/AIDS on science education, there are no specific data that speak to the impacts of HIV/AIDS on science teachers...
Prevalence of Dog Gastrointestinal Parasites and Risk Perception of Zoonotic Infection by Dog Owners in Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia
November 2011
Gastrointestinal parasites in dogs that inhabit in close proximity to humans have been shown to increase the risk of infection to humans, especially those living in rural areas. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth species found in partially owned/stray dogs and the potential impact these infection rates had on the surrounding communities in Wondo Genet, Southern Nations and...
Prevalence of Dementia in an Elderly illiterate Native Mexican Population of Indigenous Origin
November 2011
This study aimed to clarify whether or not low level of education may function as a risk factor for dementia among native Mexicans. A door-to-door survey study in an elderly illiterate native Mexican subpopulation of indigenous origin was performed in order to detect prevalence of dementia using both DSM-IV criteria and the Brookdale test. The total village population surveyed included 2226 inhabitants, of which 65...
Glutathione–S-transferase polymorphic status modifies the arsenic induced clinical manifestation in Nadia District of West Bengal, India
October 2011
Subsoil water contamination with arsenic is a burning global health issue. People experiencing exposure to contaminated water by arsenic throughout years can give rise to development of myriad clinical manifestations with a chief of arsenicosis which is the collective form of pigmentation and keratotic lesion of the skin. We surveyed over a population of above 500 people in West Bengal who are chronically exposed to...
The health and well-being of people with a previous diagnosis of cancer: A record-linkage study in Scotland
October 2011
Routinely collected health care data (the Scottish Cancer Registry) were record-linked to representative survey data on health and health behaviours (the Government-funded Scottish Health Survey) to compare the health and well-being of cancer survivors in Scotland with people who had never had cancer; a methodological approach which has been under-utilised. After adjusting for age, sex and occupational classification,...
Assessment of public awareness on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Athens, Greece, and the effects of an awareness-raising national action plan
October 2011
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) lacks public recognition despite its high prevalence. Given the absence of an awareness assessing disease-specific questionnaire, we developed the 10-item Athens COPD awareness questionnaire (10-ACAQ, with 4 demographic and 6 COPD-oriented questions) in an attempt to assess the level of public awareness on COPD in 2002. Then, a 6-year action plan (2003 to 2008) was designed...
An assessment of the impact of health education on maternal knowledge and practice of childhood immunization in Kware, Sokoto State
October 2011
Immunization is one of the most powerful and cost effective weapons of modern medicine, and is a major tool being used to achieve the 4th Millennium Development Goals (MDG). This study was therefore aimed at assessing the impact of health education using the Community Level Nutrition Information System for Action (COLNISA) strategy on knowledge and practice of childhood immunization among mothers in Kware town, Sokoto...
Prevalence of hydatidosis in small ruminants and its economic significance in Modjo Modern Export Abattoir, Ethiopia
October 2011
This study was conducted from November 2009 to April 2010 with a purpose to assess the prevalence and economic significance of hydatid cyst in slaughtered sheep and goats at Modjo Modern Export Abattoir (MMEA), Ethiopia. The result of this study revealed that a total of 1115 small ruminants (348 sheep and 767 goats) were randomly sampled and examined after slaughter for the presence of hydatid cysts in the visceral...
Use of oncology drugs in Japan compared to France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, the UK and the USA: A comparison based on data from 1999 to 2009
October 2011
The development of new compounds over the past decades has provided a significant potential for improvements of cancer therapy and outcome. This study compares the use of oncology drugs in Japan with the use in the US and selected European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the UK). The patterns of use of cancer drugs differ between the countries. Japan, France and the US spend more per capita than...
Incidence of vulvovaginal candidiasis among Nigeria women in tight fitting underwears: The need for counseling and health education
October 2011
This cross sectional study aimed at investigating the effect of tight fitting underwears on the incidence of vulvovaginal candidiasis among non-pregnant women between aged 16 to 35 years. The study took place in seven health institutions between January and July 2009 in Uyo Metropolis, Nigeria. About 191(76.4%) of the 250 participants who were selected by sequential randomization met the inclusion criteria. Structured...
Operational impacts of the tamale abattoir on the environment
September 2011
The study was conducted to assess the water and noise quality of the Tamale Abattoir to evaluate their effects on the environment. The abattoir is located in Tamale, the regional capital of the Northern Region of Ghana. Data on noise quality was taken using the Integrated Noise Level Meter at five different locations. The results of maximum and minimum noise levels generated at the abattoir were 95.4 and 60.4 dB(A),...
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its associated factors among female nurses in a teaching hospital in North-Eastern state of Malaysia
September 2011
Nurses who are mostly shift workers were found to be at risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). This study was designed to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its associated factors among female nurses working in a teaching hospital. A cross sectional study was conducted among 404 female nurses working in a teaching hospital in north-eastern state of Malaysia. Data were collected using a proforma on...
Exploring Fayoum (Upper Egypt) preparatory school students’ and teachers’ attitude towards obesity as health risk
September 2011
Childhood obesity is a serious non-communicable public health problem with negative physical, social, and mental health consequences. Factors contributing to childhood obesity are school nutrition, excessive snacks, fast food, lack of physical activity and family behavior. The objective of this study is to explore Fayoum preparatory of school students’ and teacher’s attitude concerning obesity and...
Stroke in Nigerian Children with Sickle Cell Anaemia
September 2011
Stroke is a leading cause of physical disability worldwide. Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is the most common cause of stroke in children. The aim is to determine the prevalence of stroke in children with SCA at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Retrospective studies of patients with SCA (6 months to 16years) with stroke, over a 5 year period were carried out. Data was extracted...
Reproducibility regarding the age of introduction of complementary foods to infants as self-reported by urban and rural low-income mothers in Guatemala
September 2011
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life with the introduction of adequate complementary foods thereafter. The association between the early introduction of complementary foods and negative health outcomes may be underestimated by inconsistencies in reported age-of-introduction of complementary foods. We aimed to determine the...
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