Uranium concentration in ground water samples belonging to some areas of Western Haryana, India using fission track registration technique
March 2013
How accurate is triaxial RT3TM (RT3) accelerometer for estimating energy expenditure?
February 2013
The participants are instructed to remove the RT3 only for sleeping, bathing and swimming activities but some studies have shown the participants remove the accelerometer for longer times. The activities performed while the accelerometer is not being worn and, or energy that was not recorded during this time has never been estimated. This study aimed to assess compliance in using the accelerometer and quantify the...
Equity of care: A comparison of National Health Insurance Scheme enrolees and fee-paying patients at a private health facility in Ibadan, Nigeria
February 2013
This study compared the cost and process of care for patients enrolled in the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) to those who made out-of-pocket payments for health care. A cross-sectional analytical study design was used. Data were obtained from case files of patients. The study was conducted at a privately owned general hospital in the city of Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria. A total of 200 NHIS enrollees and 200...
Results of a peer navigation pilot program to link HIV positive clients of harm reduction services with Ryan White Clinical Service Providers
February 2013
Peer navigation programs may improve healthcare accessibility and adherence for hard-to-reach populations. We piloted a peer navigation program at 3 sites within the United States with the aim of linking HIV positive clients of harm reduction services with Ryan White Clinical Services. We compared navigator activity logs and client tracking forms to evaluate the efficacy of the peer navigation program and to determine...
Environmental audit of a refuse dump site in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria
February 2013
The overall objective of this study was to perform an external compliance environmental audit of open refuse dumping at the Ugbor dump site by describing the physical and economic characteristics of the study area using a descriptive, cross sectional comparative study design. Data were collected via key informant interviews, focus group discussion,checklists and standardized measuring tapes. The major...
Asymptomatic bacteriuria among secondary school students in Benin City, Nigeria
February 2013
Asymptomatic bacteriuria (AB) is common, with varying prevalence by age and gender, amongst other factors. AB is more likely to develop to symptomatic urinary tract infection, thus, necessitating periodic review. This study aims to determine the prevalence of AB among secondary school students in Benin City. Etiologic agents and bacterial susceptibility will also be determined. Clean-catch mid-stream urine was obtained...
Individual and area-based socioeconomic influences on HIV seroprevalence in Cameroon
February 2013
HIV infection prevalence shows strong regional variations in Cameroon, with the North West and the East as the most affected regions. Studies which have attempted to investigate the variation in HIV prevalence in Sub-Saharan countries found that the geographical heterogeneity in Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence between high and low prevalence areas still existed after considering the different distribution...
Plants associated with aquatic stages of Onchocerciasis vector Simulium damnosum sensu lato in AbuHamed and Galabat Foci in Sudan
February 2013
Onchocerciasis vector, Simulium (Edwardsellum) damnsoum sensu lato (Diptera: Simuliidae), breeds near rapids and cataracts in running water rich in oxygen and are usually found attached to water plants, trailing roots and branches, stones and rocks. This study was conducted to identify the plant species associated with the aquatic stages of S. damnosum s. l. vectors in two foci: AbuHamed in...
Distribution of cancers in Zambia: Evidence from the Zambia National Cancer Registry (1990–2009)
February 2013
The Zambia National Cancer Registry (ZNCR) data of 1990 to 2009 was analyzed with the aim of determining the distribution of cancers in Zambia in the 1990/2000 decades. A total number of 12891 cases of cancers were notified to ZNCR of which 4586 (36.6%) were for males. Most cases of cancers that were notified were for patients in the 25 years or older age group (21.9% among males in the 64 years or older age group, and...
Prevalence of dermatomycoses in tertiary health institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria
February 2013
Studies on dermatophytes isolated from patients in tertiary health institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria were carried out between August, 2009 and January, 2011. Collection, isolation, characterization and identification of the isolated fungi were achieved using both conventional laboratory methods (in vitro culture and microscopy) and molecular techniques (Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction, Polymerase chain...
Improving surveillance for non-communicable diseases in the Eastern Region of Ghana - 2011
February 2013
The incidence of Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs) is on the rise worldwide and Ghana continues to show an increasing trend especially for hypertension and diabetes. The NCDs surveillance system in Ghana was established through the District Health Information Management System in 2008 to detect and monitor morbidity, mortality and risk-factor trend for evidence-based public health decision making. However, it is not...
Social implications of hematuria on women for schistosomiasis control
January 2013
Hematuria associated with urinary schistosomiasis has been misconstrued for certain superstitious beliefs in some local communities in Nigeria and elsewhere. Hematuria and its social implications, especially on women, may have a negative impact on schistosomiasis control measures. Some of the limitations of the national programme on Schistosomiasis control are highlighted. This paper also reviews the effect of stigma...
Social determinants of health: Conceptual and operational predicaments
January 2013
Health is determined by many factors ranging from one’s immediate physical-psycho-socio environment to the political milieu of the society that an individual lives in. When we look through the biomedical paradigm of health, disease could be explained through a set of micro-level physiological, bio-chemical and pathological changes in the body which are triggered by internal or external environment. When we broaden...
Sero-epidemiological survey of hepatitis B surface antigenaemia in children and adolescents in Ekiti State, Nigeria
January 2013
This study was carried out between October, 2010 and February, 2011 to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among 1,000 children and adolescents in Ado-Ekiti and Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Serum samples were collected from the subjects and screened for antibodies to HBsAg, using hepatitis B kits with double sandwich antibody principles. Also, standardized questionnaire was used to...
Validation of percent body fat using skinfold-thickness, bioelectrical impedance analysis and standard hydrostatic method in male wrestlers
January 2013
The aim of this present study was to determine and validate the percent body fat through skinfold-thickness and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) using hydrostatic (standardmethod) among male wrestlers in Ahvaz...
Factors associated with female genital mutilation in Burkina Faso
January 2013
While the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) has been abandoned in western countries, it remains common in many African countries from Senegal to Somalia, in the Middle East, in some parts of South-East Asia and even among immigrant communities in Europe, North America and Australia. Previous studies in Burkina Faso reported a high prevalence (77%) of FGM among 15 to 49 years old women and described the...
Epidemiology of astrovirus infection in young children hospitalized with gastroenteritis in Iran, over a period of seven years, using reverse Transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
January 2013
Human astroviruses have been increasingly identified as important agents of diarrheal disease in children. Outbreaks of diarrhea due to astrovirus have frequently been reported and astroviruses have also been associated with nosocomial infections in hospitals. A 7-year study involving 2,490 gastroenteritis samples was conducted to determine the prevalence and age distribution of human astrovirus infection as well as the...
Blood group and anemia: Exploring a new relationship
January 2013
Anemia is a huge public health and nutrition problem with serious consequences. Though oral supplementation of iron, vitamin B12 and folic acid are most commonly used as a therapeutic measure to correct anemia; it is suggested that the oral supplementation of iron is not the best way to correct anemia especially due to its adverse effect on some other body functions and other complications. Under this situation it is...
Knowledge, attitude and practice of university students towards smoking in Irbid, Jordan
January 2013
The purpose of this cross sectional study was to explore university students' knowledge, attitude and practice towards smoking and to compare these factors between smokers and non-smokers. A sample of 2793 students was randomly selected to complete a self-administered questionnaire about knowledge, attitude and practice of smoking at three universities in Irbid, Jordan. The Majority of the smoking students (75.2%)...
The dilemma of diagnosis in bipolar patients with psychiatric disability in the Caribbean setting
December 2012
Although there has been a surge in research relating to psychiatric disorders, diagnosing bipolar disorder still proves to be an immense feat. This dilemma can seriously impact on the quality of life of bipolar patients with psychiatric disability. These case studies sought to highlight several factors which may fuel this diagnostic uncertainty. Two in-patients at the Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex were...
Psychosocial profile of students from public schools of the city of Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil with positive indicators for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
December 2012
The objective of this study was to verify the prevalence of positive indicators for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children of public schools throughout the urban perimeter of Tubarão, Santa Catarina (SC). The study population composed of students enrolled in the first grades of 10 schools from the city of Tubarão. First, the teachers filled a standard questionnaire defined by...
Awareness and attitude of health care workers in a teaching hospital in southwestern Nigeria towards nosocomial infections
December 2012
Despite advances in health care system, Nosocomial infections (NIs) still remain a preventable disease threatening public health. This study assessed awareness and attitude of health care workers in LAUTECH teaching Hospital Osogbo towards Nosocomial infections. Descriptive cross sectional study among hospital workers using multistage sampling method was used. Research instruments were semi structured self administered...
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroprevalence and pregnancy outcome among obstetric population in Abakaliki, Southeast Nigeria
December 2012
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has become a pandemic worldwide especially among the obstetric population where prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) of the infection is still a major challenge. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of HIV seropositivity and pregnancy outcome among obstetric patients in Abakaliki, Southeast Nigeria. A retrospective review of all deliveries...
Epidemiological survey of gastrointestinal parasites of pigs in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria
December 2012
A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal parasites in pigs from the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Faecal samples were collected randomly from 271 pigs between April and October 2010, processed by modified Kato-katz technique and then examined for the presence of helminth ova and protozoan oocysts and cysts....
Trends in body mass index values of Brazilian enlisted men, 1980 to 2005
December 2012
This study was to investigate the temporal evolution of body mass index (BMI) in young enlisted men of 18 years in Brazil between 1980 and 2005, to identify specific points of greatest variance in time series and compare specific points in time, and the temporal evolution of BMI with socioeconomic changes in Brazil. The present study explores a temporal series of twenty-six national surveys of Brazilian men enlisted...
Nurses’ uniforms: How many bacteria do they carry after one shift?
December 2012
This pilot study investigated the pathogens that nurses are potentially bringing into the public and their home when they wear work uniforms outside of the work environment. To achieve this, sterilized uniforms were distributed to 10 nurses at a local hospital in Washington State at the beginning of their shift. Worn uniforms were collected at the end of the shifts and sent to a laboratory for analysis. Four tests were...
Determination of the pollution loads of Brewery X and the impacts of the pollutant on the Sisai River
December 2012
Determining pollution load is not a common practice in most Ghanaian industries. This paper is aimed at providing a comprehensive picture of the environmental impacts on the Sisai River as a result of the pollutant loads from a brewery X located in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The effluent flow rate, effluent parameters concentrations and pollutant loads were determined using standard procedures. The effluent...
The sense of coherence and its relation to health factors among patients with diastrophic dysplasia
December 2012
A prospective study of three blood-borne viral pathogens among pregnant women attending ante-natal care in Owerri, Nigeria
November 2012
A study was conducted between the months of March and August, 2010 to ascertain the rate of mono- and co-infection of three blood-borne viral pathogens namely Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Hepatitis B virus (HCV) among 500 pregnant women aged between 21 and 40, attending antenatal clinic at a tertiary health centre in Owerri. The screening of blood samples from the sample population...
Incidence of Staphylococcus aureus, coliforms and antibiotic resistant strains of Escherichia coli in rural water supplies in Calabar South Local Government Area
November 2012
An investigation on the incidence of Staphylococcus aureus, coliforms and antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli strains in both treated and untreated rural water supplies was carried out in Calabar South Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. Analysis revealed significant differences between the different water sources, locations and the months of sampling, with the stream and well...
Breast cancer knowledge and screening practices among women in selected rural communities of Nigeria
November 2012
Globally, the devastation that befalls women diagnosed of breast cancer remains inestimable. Early detection remains a major effective approach that should be employed to combat the disease. The issue of concern, however, is whether women in the rural underserved areas are aware of these early detection methods. This study was designed to assess rural women’s awareness and knowledge of breast cancer and their...
A pilot study of iodine and anthropometric status of primary school children in Obukpa, a rural Nigerian community
November 2012
This study was designed to assess the iodine and the anthropometric status of primary school children in a rural Nigerian community (Obukpa). Stratified random sampling technique was used in selecting the respondents for the study. The sample size was 330 children aged 6 to 12+ years. The anthropometric measurements of the children comprising 170 boys and 160 girls were obtained using standard procedures. The urine...
Prevalence of malaria and soil-transmitted helminth infections and their association with undernutrition in schoolchildren residing in Mfou health district in Cameroon
November 2012
Malaria and soil-transmitted helminths are common parasitic diseases found in schoolchildren in sub-Saharan Africa. We determined the prevalence and intensities of these infections in apparently healthy schoolchildren living in Mfou health district, where malaria and intestinal infections are among the first causes of morbidity. In a cross-sectional study involving 503 schoolchildren, anthropometric parameters were...
Mosquito biting and malaria situation in an urban setting in Zambia
November 2012
Unprecedented increased mosquito bites were observed in urban and peri-urban areas of Lusaka District and there was a perceived increase in malaria which necessitated a study in 2009 to determine the mosquito biting and malaria situation within urban and peri-urban settings. We analysed water bodies as sources of mosquito larvae (vegetable gardens, sewerage maturation ponds and foot paths) and, weather factors for...
Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes among dogs and owners perception about zoonotic dog parasites in Hawassa Town, Ethiopia
October 2012
A cross sectional study was carried out between November, 2009 and March, 2010 in Hawassa town, Ethiopia with the aims of determining the prevalence of intestinal helminthes of dogs and evaluating owner’s awareness about zoonotic dog parasites. A total of 455 dogs were sampled randomly and 58% (n=264) were positive for Strongyloides stercorslis, 49.2% (n=224), 40% (n=182), 25% (n=114), 6% (n=28) and 3.3%...
Premature introduction of foods and beverages in Guatemalan infants: A comparative perspective across geographic zones
October 2012
The objective of the current analysis was to compare the pattern of age-of-introduction of commonly consumed complementary foods in the western highlands with what has been reported from the central highlands of Guatemala. Age-of-introduction of 10 sentinel foods was queried by means of structured face-to-face interviews in mothers of 6 to 11 months old infants living in Quetzaltenango (n = 114). The mean...
Long term mortality after community and facility based treatment of severe acute malnutrition: Analysis of data from Bangladesh, Kenya, Malawi and Niger
October 2012
The effectiveness of the community based therapeutic care (CTC) in treating severe acute malnutrition (SAM) has been demonstrated. However, there is still resistance from some policy makers and donors to invest into this cost-effective intervention. The mortality rate ratio (MRR) calculated by dividing the observed deaths after discharge by expected deaths was used to compare survival of 1,670 children discharged from...
Impact of entomological interventions on malaria vector bionomics in low transmission settings in Zambia
July 2012
Entomological interventions for malaria control are being scaled up in the context of the integrated vector management strategy in Zambia. This paper reports the continuous entomological monitoring of the operational impact of indoor residual insecticide spraying (IRS) and distribution of about 6 million insecticide-impregnated bed-nets (ITN) over two peak malaria transmission seasons. Mosquitoes were captured daily...
Progress towards eradication of poliomyelitis in Ghana: A review of the Eastern Region of Ghana from 1997 to 2010
July 2012
Poliomyelitis is a highly-infectious viral disease affecting children under 15 years. One in 200 infections leads to irreversible paralysis and in 5 to 10% of such case, patients die from paralyzed breathing muscles. Ghana is at the verge of polio certification and the only reported case of wild polio virus in the Eastern Region was in 2003. We reviewed AFP data in the Eastern-Region to assess the progress towards...
An analysis of tuberculosis in developing and developed world: Nigeria and UK as a case study
June 2012
Tuberculosis (TB) is a re-emerging infectious disease of international health priority. It is particularly worrisome in Africa, which informed the declaration of public health emergency by the World Health Organisation in 2005. In this study, inferences were drawn from the literature, secondary data and empirical observations. The results indicated that TB still remains a major public health challenge, particularly in...
Waste management options for health care wastes in Nigeria: A case study of Port Harcourt hospitals
June 2012
This study was undertaken to identify the waste disposal options adopted by the different hospital authorities in managing wastes generated as well as determining their awareness level on hospital waste management issues. A daily waste inventory study of each hospital department was carried out for six months in five different hospitals as representative healthcare institutions in Port Harcourt, Nigeria to estimate the...
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women
June 2012
The present work aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and their associated risk factors among the pregnant women. This study was carried out from 2009 to 2010 in 232 pregnant women attending the private hospitals in and around Salem, Tamil Nadu. Anti-toxoplasma specific IgG and IgM were assessed using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test kits. Of these 232 samples,...
Sero-prevalence study of Hepatitis C virus infection among blood donors attending selected blood banks in some Local Government Areas in Kano, Nigeria
June 2012
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection afflicts more than 170 million people worldwide, with the great majority of patients having acute hepatitis C later developing into chronic HCV infection. 320 participants (80 in each of four blood banks from Wudil, Gaya, Sumaila and Takai Local Government Areas (LGA)) were tested for antibodies to HCV. Out of a total of the 320 subjects, 319 were males and 1 female between the...
The perception and beliefs on tuberculosis among traditional healers in Remo North Local Government Area, Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria
June 2012
With the aid of a pre-tested semi-structured interview questionnaire, 30 traditional healers in Remo North Local Government Area of Ogun State in the Southwestern part of Nigeria were identified by their certificate of apprenticeship. A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess their knowledge on the symptoms of tuberculosis, their perceptions, beliefs and their practices as regards to the management of...
Demographic characteristics of stroke patients in developing countries: Example from Jordanian government hospitals
May 2012
The aim of this study was to identify for the first time, the characteristics of stroke patients in Jordan. In this retrospective study, the case records of 1,287 stroke patients admitted to Al-basher Hospital during a three-year period were reviewed. The stroke patient cohort included 60% men and 40% women. The mean age for men was 59.5±9.7 and 58.95±10.7 for women. Three quarters of all...
Female genital mutilation in Southeast Nigeria: A survey on the current knowledge and practice
May 2012
Female genital mutilation (FGM) has been recognised as a major reproductive health problem and a dehumanising practice that has resisted change especially in developing countries. The study reviews the current knowledge and practice of FGM in Southeast Nigeria. This is a questionnaire based descriptive study involving women of reproductive age in Abakaliki, South east Nigeria. A semi-structured questionnaire was...
Diagnosis of invasive squamous cell carcinoma: Impact of opportunistic screening in >70 year-old women in Trentino (Northern region of Italy)
May 2012
The objective of this paper is to assess the value of opportunistic screening in diagnosis of invasive squamous carcinoma found in >70 years old women in Trentino (Italy). From 2007 to 2010, the Cytopathology Section of Institute of Anatomic Pathology of Rovereto Hospital have been examined; 28589 opportunistic pap-smears was performed in all histological specimens with diagnosis of low, high grade...
Adolescent fertility in selected countries of Latin America and the Caribbean
May 2012
This article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different sources of quantitative data to measure teenage pregnancy in Latin American and the Caribbean countries. Previous studies discuss how low education, poverty, family background, low expectation of the girls about their future promote the increases in adolescent pregnancy observed in Latin American countries in the last decades. This study provides a...
Impact of human papillomavirus vaccination on anal cancer incidence in French women
May 2012
Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and 18 are found to be involved in 80% of anal cancers. Two vaccines against HPV infections are currently available, and vaccination policies aim to decrease mainly, incidence of cervical cancers. Moreover, an impact of HPV vaccination on the incidence of anal cancer can also be expected. Our aim was to assess the potential benefits of HPV vaccination on the occurrence of female anal cancer...
A cross-sectional internet-based survey of influenza A (H1N1) pandemic: Risk perceptions, behavioural responses and vaccination practices at Lund University, Sweden
April 2012
The 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic caused worldwide panic. Response to the pandemic varied widely between and within countries. The Swedish National Board of Health and Social Welfare responded by recommending vaccination of the entire population and a wide range of community mitigation measures. This study assessed the impact of the Swedish policy interventions. The study employed an internet-based questionnaire...
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