Traditional birth attendants and women’s health practices: A case study of Patani in Southern Nigeria
August 2014
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), current estimate of maternal mortality ratios is at more than 1000 per 100,000 live births in most African countries. Despite the existence of modern health facilities in Nigeria, over 58% of deliveries take place at home whereas only 37% take place in hospitals. As outcomes of pregnancy and their sequelae are purely left to the providence of women in many rural...
Magnitude of risky sexual behavior among high school adolescents in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
July 2014
Risky sexual behavior increases the likelihood of adverse sexual and reproductive health consequences such as unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortion, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including (HIV/AIDS). Adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia are highly exposed to various risky sexual behaviors. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of risky sexual behaviors among Boditti Secondary...
Prevalence, associated risk factors and consequences of premarital sex among female students in Aletawondo High School, Sidama Zone, Ethiopia
July 2014
Youth age is the period when majority of youths become sexually active. However, majority of the youths lack sufficient knowledge about (HIV/AIDS) and other reproductive health issues. As a result, youths have multitude of reproductive problems, including HIV, other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), unwanted pregnancy, induced abortion and dropping out of school due to unwanted pregnancy. The objective of this...
Nightmares: Knowledge and attitudes in health care providers and nightmare sufferers
July 2014
Chronic nightmares have a prevalence of 3 to 8% in the general population, but they seem not to play a relevant role in the health care system despite the existence of evidence-based treatments. The aim of this study was to identify nightmare-related knowledge, attitudes and coping approaches in the German mental health care system. A total of 219 health-care providers (primary care, psychiatrists, psychotherapists,...
Confessions: Suicidal ideation on a Ghanaian radio program
July 2014
On July 17, 2013, listeners to a Ghanaian radio program were invited to telephone in and describe their personal experiences of suicidal ideation on air. Those who called the studio were asked four pointed questions by the program’s host: (1) Have you ever formed a suicidal intention? (2) What precipitated the formation of the suicidal ideation? (3) What suicide method did you plan to use? (4) Why did you refrain...
Underweight, overweight and obesity amongst young adults in Ota, Nigeria
July 2014
The pattern of body weight abnormality amongst persons in their early adulthood in Ota, Southwest Nigeria was investigated. A total of 341 healthy young adults (194 male; 147 female), aged 20 – 35 years participated in the study. Anthropometric measurements and WHO cut-offs were used to categorize their body weights into normal weight, underweight, overweight and obesity. Males were significantly (p<0.05)...
Prevalence of antibody titre in healthy individual and enteric fever patients in Owerri, Nigeria
June 2014
The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of enteric fever amongst individuals in Owerri municipal area of Imo state. The study shows that 61 (24.4%) patients had typhoid fever based on clinical examination and serological test results (Widal test). It was observed that prevalence of enteric fever was high among the patients of age group 26 to 35 years (44.3%). Similarly, prevalence of typhoid fever was...
Epidemiology of schistosomiasis in school aged children in some riverine areas of Sokoto, Nigeria
June 2014
Prevalence of Schistosomiasis in primary school pupils in riverine areas of Sokoto, where most of the population is dependent on river and well water for their everyday activities, was surveyed using stool and urine samples. The stool samples were analysed using kato-katz thick faecal smear technique while the urine samples were processed by filtration technique. The overall prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis...
Daytime sleepiness, circadian preference, caffeine consumption and use of other stimulants among Thai college students
June 2014
This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of daytime sleepiness and evening chronotype and to assess the extent to which both are associated with the use of caffeinated stimulants among 3,000 Thai college students. Demographic and behavioral characteristics were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Horne and OstbergMorningness-Eveningness Questionnaire were...
Breast self examination among secondary school teachers in South-South, Nigeria: A survey of perception and practice
May 2014
Breast cancer continues to claim the lives of hundreds of women all over the world inspite of the existence of simple to perform procedures that could ensure the early detection of breast changes. The study aimed to assess the practice and perceptions towards breast self examination (BSE) among secondary school teachers in Benin City. A cross-sectional study was conducted in July, 2010 among 300 female secondary school...
A survey of hygiene and sanitary practices of street food vendors in the Central State of Northern Nigeria
May 2014
This study examined the general hygiene and sanitary practices of street food venders in Nigeria. 110 random samples of street food venders were selected to represent 18% of street food venders in the study area. Data was collected using pre-test structured questionnaire and observation checklists. The relationships in the factors studied were determined. Food venders lacked basic training on hygiene and only 2.7% had...
Vaginal douching behavior among young adult women and the perceived adverse health effects
May 2014
Several health belief models suggest that health risk perception could enhance behavioral modification to reduce lifestyle-related risks. Perceived health risks associated with vaginal douching (VD), propensity to douche and effects on douching behaviors were assessed in a cross-sectional survey of 1,463 female undergraduates, aged 18 to 35 years, randomly selected in a tertiary institution between 2011 and 2012. A...
Perceived health believes of breast cancer and knowledge of its early detection measures among rural women in Umuduru Mbano
April 2014
Breast cancer is one of the commonest causes of cancer morbidity and mortality in women in the world, but early detection measure (EDM) has been found to be the solution. This article presents perceived health belief of breast cancer and knowledge of its early detection measures among rural women in Umuduru Mbano, Imo State, Eastern Nigeria. A cross-sectional design was used in the study. A total of 440 young and old...
Household food security among pregnant women in Ogun - East senatorial zone: a rural – urban comparison
April 2014
The burden of disease caused by adverse pregnancy outcomes, including maternal and child morbidity and mortality, in developing countries, has been enormous. An important contributor to good pregnancy outcome is the nutritional status of the mother, which is a factor of adequacy or otherwise of the dietary intake in pregnancy. Household food security is a determinant of adequate dietary intake. This study assessed and...
Prevalent home management techniques and outcome among mothers of febrile children in Eastern Nigeria
March 2014
The magnitude of the consequences and the extent of problem associated with febrile illnesses in children have been shown to be associated to mothers’ behaviour in treatment, decision making and prevention of childhood illnesses which are in turn influenced by social, cultural and intra-household relations. This study employed a cross-sectional survey design to assess the method employed by caregivers in the...
Knowledge, perception and predictors of uptake of cervical screening among rural Nigerian women
March 2014
Cervical screening is effective in mitigating the morbidity and mortality of cervical cancer. However, the uptake of cervical screening is still unsatisfactory in many countries. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and perception of rural Nigerian women about cervical cancer and screening. The study also investigated the predictors of cervical screening. A survey with interviewer administered...
Academic achievement among radiography students in a Nigerian university: Does program interest count?
March 2014
This research assessed the relationship between the level of interest and academic achievement among Radiography students in a Nigerian University, and implications for career counseling. From the population of all the Radiography students (65) in the third, fourth and fifth (final) years, a sample size of forty students was drawn through stratified sampling technique. The ex-post facto research survey method was...
Mothers’ health seeking behaviour and socio-economic differentials: A factor analysis of full childhood immunization in South-Western Nigeria
March 2014
As many countries have achieved 85% full childhood immunization coverage with a sharp drop in the incidence of six major diseases, the situation in many other countries especially in Nigeria still call for concern and thereby suggesting that this indicator may not have been responding to prior policy and technical interventions. Globally, mothers play a major role in determining the health of their children. Thus,...
Absence of vancomycin-resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from potable water
February 2014
The aim of this study was to investigate the carriage of vancomycin-resistance genes by Staphylococcus aureus found in drinking water supplies. A total of 100 samples (potable water and faucet swabs) were analyzed for the presence of S. aureus and their carriage of vancomycin-resistance genes. Mannitol salt agar was used for the isolation of staphylococci, and confirmation of S. aureus was carried out by means of Gram...
Assessment of long-lasting insecticidal net coverage, use and physical integrity one year after universal distribution campaign in Plateau department in South-East Benin
February 2014
Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) have proved to be an important tool for the malaria control and other vector-borne diseases. Benin, by its National Malaria Control Program, conducted in July, 2011 a universal distribution campaign where approximately 5 million of nets were distributed. But after this mass-distribution, questions arise: Do people effectively use or not use the mosquito nets freely distributed? To...
Risk factors of osteoporosis among adults in Ethiopia, the case of Tigrai region: A case control study
February 2014
Osteoporosis is one of the most common public health problems affecting adults and elderlies in developing countries. This study aims to examine the potential risk factors of osteoporosis among adults in Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia. This is a case-control study. Cases and controls were assigned by two radiologists after radiographic examination of the wrist. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used and...
Patient satisfaction with outpatient health services in Hawassa University Teaching Hospital, Southern Ethiopia
February 2014
The level of patients’ satisfaction is one among the mechanisms used in assessing the quality of health care services. This cross sectional study was conducted in Hawassa University Teaching Hospital to assess level of satisfaction of patients with outpatient health services and factors associated with it. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between patients’ satisfaction and...
Implication of coliforms as a major public health problem in Nigeria
January 2014
Water, the essence of life, is threatened by bacterial contamination. Coliform count is the major tool to determine the bacteriological quality of water. The determination is quite easy and informative. The different methodologies are employed depending on suitability by maximum probable number (MPN) which is the most accepted. The environment conditions like sunlight, water salinity, temperature etc. provide simple...
Correlation of obesity indicies and blood pressure among non obese adults in Zaria, Northern Nigeria
January 2014
Epidemiological studies from different populations have reported significant association between different anthropometric indicators and hypertension in obese adults but few data are available for the non obese adults of this study population. This study assessed the association between adiposity measures and hypertension risk and analyzed various anthropometric indices (body mass index (BMI), waist-height ratio,...
Abattoir operations, waste generation and management in the Tamale metropolis: Case study of the Tamale slaughterhouse
January 2014
The study was conducted to assess the rate of effluent generation and management at the Tamale abattoir. It also investigated the methods adopted in processing animal carcasses, including handling/transportation to retail centres. The investigative approach to data collection was adopted in combination with desk research and other strategies. Waste material generated was estimated based on calculations by Aniebo et al....
First mass screening of the human population to estimate the bio-load of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in North India
January 2014
Bio-load of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) was estimated in the first mass screening of human population in Mathura region of South Uttar Pradesh. 48,919 samples were collected between December, 2010 and March, 2013 from Pathology laboratories, 26,390 were screened by indigenous ELISA kit, IS900 blood and stool PCR, IS1311 PCR_RE and stool microscopy. From 23,196 serum samples screened by...
The use of chart review to elucidate the epidemiology of leprosy in the Mbingo leprosarium of Cameroon
January 2014
The WHO introduced MDT for the treatment of leprosy in 1982 because dapsone monotherapy was life long and resistant. "The objective of this study was to determine the impact of MDT on leprosy control and its epidemiology in Mbingo leprosarium'. Patients who attended the Mbingo leprosarium from 1961 to 1998 were identified through a thorough manual review of hospital records in 2002. A structured data collection...
Knowledge, attitude to hypertension and lifestyle habits of rural dwellers in Owerre-Nkwoji, Imo State Nigeria
January 2014
Hypertension accounts for 13% of global mortality, with 25% prevalence in Nigeria. Current trends in management is lifestyle modification. Information on lifestyle habits is needed for effective intervention programe. A study was done among rural dwellers between ages 20 and 75 in Owerre- Nkwoji, Imo State, to determine their knowledge, attitude to hypertension and lifestyle habits. Information gathered would be used to...
Prevalence of japanese encephalitis and its modulation by weather variables
January 2014
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a major public health problem in India. To study the influence of climatic factors on JE, cases and the transmitting mosquito species were analysed during 2001 to 2006. To know the status of Japanese encephalitis virus activity in human population, sero-epidemiological studies were undertaken in villages of Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Similarly, mosquitoes were sampled from...
Women in child-bearing age who are not currently pregnant are missed opportunities for malaria control in pregnancy: Evidence from 16 Local Government Areas of Nigeria
January 2014
The health of women is not only linked to reproductive issues but also to efforts in health promotion, improved nutritional status and general well being of girls and adolescents from infancy to adulthood. The aim was to evaluate the use and non-use of long lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) among women in child-bearing age in Nigeria. This survey employed cross-sectional survey to collect data from households on coverage...
Association between O blood group and Helicobacter pylori infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis
December 2013
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with several diseases including gastritis, gastric ulcer, pancreatic cancer and iron deficiency anemia. Different epidemiological studies reported controversial findings on the association between O blood group and H. pylori infection. This meta-analysis was conducted to verify the association between H. pylori infection and O blood group. Random-effects model was...
Assessment of rain water harvesting systems in a rural community of Edo State, Nigeria
December 2013
The study assessed the practice of rain water harvesting (RWH) in a rural community in Edo state, Nigeria. Using a cross sectional study design, pre-tested structured interviewer administered questionnaire were administered to 232 selected and consenting households. A structured observational checklist was used for assessment of household rainwater harvesting system. Water was collected from 15% of houses and tested for...
Predictors of pneumococcal immunization uptake among caregivers of children with sickle cell disease in Lagos, Nigeria
December 2013
Pulmonary infections are still the most prevalent cause of death of children with sickle cell disease (SCD) in low and middle income countries. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) has been reported to reduce the incidence of pneumococcal disease by up to 90% in children under five. This study set out to report the proportion of children under five attending Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) and Massey Street...
The effect of maternal body mass index on the delivery route in nulliparous women
December 2013
Body mass index (BMI) is widely used to categorize the degree of obesity and to guide recommendations for weight gain during pregnancy, to examine the relationship between the maternal body mass index of nulliparous women and the route of delivery in a sample of Iranian Kurdish women, a cross sectional descriptive study was conducted, at Beasat Hospital in Sanandaj, the capital of Kurdistan province, west of Iran. The...
New normal in violence: Perspectives on US Gulf Region (New Orleans) post-disaster recovery
December 2013
Violence is a public health risk and important concern for stakeholders in disaster-vulnerable Gulf region of the United States. Disaster-prone communities like New Orleans have recorded a higher rate of violence (violent and property crime) and this experience is potentially becoming a ‘new normal’ for the residents and the community as a whole. The concept of new normal in individual and community...
Shifting from infectious diseases to non-communicable diseases: A double burden of diseases in Bangladesh
November 2013
Double burden diseases are a serious global problem, which is currently affecting many low and middle income countries, including Bangladesh. However, proper understanding of the need for a joint intervention against both infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases (NCD) has arisen only recently. Excessive intake of calories and poor health hygiene is one of the main common factors behind those conditions and risk...
Experience of HIV-related stigma by people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), based on gender: A case of PLWHA attending clinic in the Federal Medical Center, Owerri, Imo states, Nigeria
November 2013
Stigma is a discrediting social label that changes the way an individual looks at himself and disqualifies him from full social acceptance. Related researches show that HIV-related stigma is universal, but the stigma experiences vary from person to person. This paper indentified four forms of stigma experience (internalized stigma, disclosure stigma, public attitude stigma and negative self image stigma); and measured...
Cryptosporidiosis among children in some rural parts of Imo state, Nigeria
November 2013
The public health importance of cryptosporidiosis has not been widely reported among rural children in Imo State, South Eastern Nigeria. The prevalence of cryptosporidiosis among children was assessed in some rural parts of Imo State, Nigeria between November 2006 and October 2007 using standard parasitological techniques. Stool specimens from consenting subjects accessing primary health care facilities in the area were...
Determinants of long lasting insecticidal nets distribution, ownership and use in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria – implications for malaria programmes
November 2013
A community-based household survey was conducted to investigate the ownership and utilization of malaria control commodities in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria, using a multifaceted four-phase operational research. The main objectives were to investigate access to and utilization of health services in the capital of the country, to evaluate Insecticide-treated nets (ITN)/long lasting insecticidal...
Epidemiology of Candida vaginitis in women of reproductive age in selected hospitals in Onitsha metropolis, Anambra state, Nigeria and its environs 2007-2012
November 2013
The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and distribution ofCandida vaginitis in women of reproductive age in Onitsha metropolis and its environs. A retrospective (survey) study of 811 high vaginal swabs (HVS) recorded samples and results of patients with symptomatic C. vaginitis were done between 2007 and 2012. The study also attempted to ascertain if relationships existed between...
Missed opportunities in the diagnosis and management of protein energy malnutrition among children under 5 years in Wakiso district, Uganda
November 2013
Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is one of the leading causes of death among children below 5 years in Uganda. It develops after acute childhood illnesses despite children having received treatment from health facilities. This study assessed knowledge and practices of health workers in the diagnosis and management of PEM, which was used to establish missed opportunities to prevent severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in its...
The buruli ulcer morbidity in the amansie West District of Ghana: A myth or a reality?
October 2013
Although there is a lot of literature on the possible causes of Buruli ulcer (BU), no one is sure where the bacterium lives in the environment. It is also a mystery how the mycobacterium enters the human body, although it is clear the bacterium is unable to do so by itself. There is therefore a lot of myth about the disease epidemiology. This research has shown that the myth surrounding the cause of the disease and the...
Prevalence and barriers to the use of insecticide treated nets among pregnant women attending ante-natal clinic at Specialist Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria
October 2013
Malaria is endemic and a major public health problem in Nigeria. In most malaria endemic areas, pregnant women are the main adult group at risk for the severe form of the disease.In the absence of effective vaccine for malaria prevention and development of unacceptable levels of resistance to one drug after another by the malaria parasite, prevention of mosquitoes bite through use of insecticide treated nets (ITNs)...
Prevalence of motorcycle helmet use in Sri Lanka: An observational study
October 2013
In Sri Lanka, helmet use is mandatory by law. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of motorcycle helmet use in Sri Lanka. An observational study was conducted in four locations: two locations entering and leaving the city of Kandy, a rural area in the Kandy district, and the high way (A1) leading to Colombo from Kandy. All the motorcyclists that passed the observation locations were observed. Of all the...
Loss of the meca gene during storage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Northwestern Nigeria
October 2013
Preservation of strains in a microbiology laboratory is of great importance for quality control, teaching, and research. Freezing is a very common method of preservation and storage of microorganisms. The evaluation of new diagnostic or in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility tests for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) requires well-defined strain collections. The...
Detection of Campylobacter jejuni from food and its epidemiology
September 2013
Food borne campylobacteriosis is distributed all over the world. Large outbreaks have been associated with consuming raw or inadequately pasteurized milk and contaminated water.Campylobacter jejuni is not an environmental organism rather zoonotic organism. It habituates intestinal tract of a wide range of warm blooded animals. The principal route by which C. jejuni contaminates the food is through...
Impact of double fortified salt on iron and iodine deficient school children (6 to 12 years) of rural Vadodara
September 2013
Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is a widespread health problem in developing countries. Double fortified salt (DFS) has been developed to combat two micronutrient deficiencies (iron and iodine) simultaneously; because, in many instances, these deficiencies co-exist. Iron component of the DFS helps to improve the hemoglobin (Hb) level. There is a simultaneous improvement in thyroperoxidase (TPO) activity and iodinated...
Risk factors of diarrhoea in the Mahmood Raghi district of Kapisa province Afghanistan-2010
September 2013
Surveillance data claimed the presence of a diarrhoea outbreak after a flash flood swept off some villages of Mahmood Raqi district in Kapisa province. The water sources were treated with chlorine to stop the outbreak, but still no significant decrease in the incidence of diarrhoeal cases was observed. A case control study was conducted to find the risk factors of diarrhoea in the affected villages, of which...
Serum lipid profile and hepatic dysfunction in moderate Plasmodium falciparum infection
September 2013
Plasmodium falciparum is one of four distinct species of the malaria parasite that afflicthumans and pose a threat to public health. The present study seeks to ascertain the serum lipid profile and associated hepatic dysfunction of male subjects with moderate P. falciparum infection. The patients were adults (n = 11) of 21 to 31 years old and adolescent (n = 10) of 11 to 20 years old....
A tool for quality improvement of field epidemiology training programs: Experience with a new scorecard approach
September 2013
Field epidemiology training programs (FETP) are capacity building programs that provide applied epidemiology training to public health professionals for national public health systems, emphasizing evidence-based problem solving. FETP’s have been in existence for over 30 years and there are currently 55 programs covering 82 countries. We describe the use of a new tool that assists programs in the assessment of FETP...
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