Descriptive epidemiology of orofacial clefts in Africa using data from 46,502 Smile Train surgeries
May 2017
The descriptive epidemiology of orofacial clefts (OFC) is an essential prerequisite towards improved care, investigations into the etiology, and eventually prevention. In the present study the distribution of OFC in sub-Saharan Africa using post-surgical data from the Smile Train organization, was examined. Data from 46,502 individuals from Ethiopia (16,049), Nigeria (8,209), Uganda (5,138), Kenya (4,084), Tanzania...
Magnitude of maternal complications and associated obstetric factors among women who gave birth by cesarean section at Arba-Minich General Hospital, Southern Ethiopia: Retrospective cohort
May 2017
Cesarean section is the most common major surgical procedure in obstetrics and gynecology in the world. Though advance in cesarean section technique, it still poses higher maternal morbidity and mortality than vaginal delivery. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of maternal complications (Including the presence of one of the intera-operative surgical complication or postoperative maternal complication;...
Modeling health status using the logarithmic biophysical modulator
May 2017
There are different methods to measure health and nutritional status of samples at different sociodemographic settlements in different communities. Of them, one method can be preferable at a certain topographic condition for specific group of people. Typically, it can then become a common method due to widespread uses by other groups, and hence many researchers often are in doubt to choose the apt method for their...
Malaria prevention practices among pregnant women resident in two Nigeria army barracks, Ibadan, South Western, Nigeria
April 2017
Malaria in pregnancy is one of the major disease burdens of public health significance in sub-Saharan Africa. Comprehensive preventive strategy including intermittent preventive treatment and effective use of insecticide treated bed nets has been recommended among pregnant women in endemic regions. However the extent to which these preventive strategies are utilized are not fully explored among pregnant women living in...
Risky sexual behavior and associated factors among youth in Haramaya Secondary and Preparatory School, East Ethiopia, 2015
April 2017
World Health Organization (WHO) defines “youths” as age group of 15 to 24 years, and are characterized by significant physiological, psychological and social changes that place their life at high risk. Youth who initiate sexual activity earlier get exposed to risks such as sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancy, at a time when their developmental status places them at a disadvantage in the...
Health seeking behaviour among particularly vulnerable tribal groups: A case study of Nilgiris
April 2017
The article hinged upon exploring the patterns and determinants of healthcare utilization and financing amongst particularly vulnerable tribal groups (PVTG's) in Nilgiri district of Tamil Nadu. Three PVTG’s viz Paniyas (P), Kattunayakans (KN) and Bettakurumbas (BK) are explored in the study. These groups have some quint essential features impacting the healthcare seeking behaviour e.g. Paniyas were subject to...
Role of treatment supporters beyond monitoring daily drug intake for TB-patients: Findings from a qualitative study in Nigeria
April 2017
This research was conducted in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja of Nigeria and aimed at discovering areas of support needs required by TB patients from Treatment Supporters (TS), from the perspectives of TB patients, as compared to what the managers of TB program consider as ideal support. Here, qualitative design using Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), In-depth Interview (IDI) and Key Informant Interview (KII)...
Blood pressure pattern and hypertension related risk factors in an urban community in Southwest Nigeria: The Mokola hypertension initiative project, Ibadan, Nigeria
April 2017
There is rising incidence of hypertension especially among children and young adults in Nigeria. Hypertension in childhood could be harbinger for adult hypertension. This study looked at the prevalence of hypertension in children and adults in an urban community. A cross sectional survey was conducted among 5,733 respondents aged 3 to 78 years residents in Mokola Ibadan, South Western Nigeria selected using a multistage...
Prevalence of precancerous cervical lesion and associated factors among women in North Ethiopia
March 2017
Literature shows that cervical cancer is very prevalent among women living in low resource settings. Once it progresses to invasive cervical cancer, its cost is very high. Thus, screening cervical cancer is highly recommended in poor settings including Ethiopia, where the disease burden is very high. However, little is documented on the prevalence and determinants of precancerous cervical lesion among healthy women....
Retrospective study on rabies at selected districts of Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia
March 2017
A retrospective study was conducted on the prevalence of rabies at selected districts of Tigray (Gantafeshum, Enderta, Mekelle, and Adigrat) from 2008 to April 2009 for human and animals. In addition to the retrospective study, a questionnaire was also prepared and circulated to 420 study participants. As per the information collected, 267 animals and humans died of rabies and the highest percentage of cases was in dogs...
A study on the fungi isolated from the carpeting, walls and prayer beads from the “New Mosque and Nuruosmaniye Mosque†situated in the province of Istanbul
March 2017
Mosques which are visited by many people every day, for both worship and touristic purposes, play an important role in the spread of infections in society. It is for this reason that research into the fungal concentrations found on the carpets, walls and prayer beads in mosques may prove instrumental in determining potential risks and in protecting the health of visitors. The sampling of fungus content from the...
Short term medical mission: Serving the underserved patients in south southern Nigeria
February 2017
Medical missions focus on assessing the medical needs of the population encountered and providing medical opinions/ consultation, medications and surgeries. These missions are necessary due to a lack of sustainability principles and limited capacity building opportunities and institutional development in developing nations. These mission have led to increased volunteerism of highly skilled medical practitioners from the...
Caregivers’ knowledge, home treatment of diarrhoea disease and predictors of child diarrhoea disease in a semi urban community of Sokoto, North-west, Nigeria
February 2017
The World Health Organization advocates on some form of home treatment of children with diarrhoea disease in its Integrated Management of Childhood illness (IMCI) guideline. Caregivers need to have some knowledge of diarrhoea disease as well as know what is expected of them when their children start to have episodes of diarrhoea disease. This study aimed to assess caregivers’ knowledge, home treatment...
A Community-sensor index as a tool for public health surveillance of malaria drug resistance
January 2017
Infectious diseases like tuberculosis, malaria and the human immunodeficiency virus are both preventable and curable but cause about half of the deaths in the developing world. They affect people in the prime of their productive lives, inflicting a very heavy impact on development, opportunities and livelihood. Poverty is the end result with an enormous toll on the economy of developing nations. As such, the community...
Prevalence of occupational injuries and associated factors among construction workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
January 2017
The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of occupational injuries and associated factors among building construction workers. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 15 licensed building construction companies in Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia. A multi-stage sampling was used to recruit 809 study participants. Data was collected using face to face interview and observational checklist. The data...
Sensitivity analysis of the economic burden using social insurance claim data
December 2016
The study is aimed at examining changes in economic burden in comparison with figures cited in previous studies. Data from South Korea’s National Health Insurance claims database are used to measure the economic burden of chronic disease. Both direct and indirect costs are considered. Direct costs are those associated directly with treatment, medication, and transportation, and indirect costs are assessed in terms...
Prevalence of intestinal parasites of the human population in the City of Pombal-PB, Brazil
December 2016
The intestinal parasitic diseases caused by protozoa and helminths are infestations that may trigger changes in the physical, psychosomatic and social state of patients, directly interfering with their quality of life. The aim of this study is to determine the major intestinal parasites causing diseases that are distributed in the City of Pombal-PB, either in endemic or epidemic form, and to observe the...
Engaging currently available tested and proven strategies to tackle Hepatitis B viral epidemic: The HBV-4-Pronged Approach (HBV4PA)
December 2016
Globally, Hepatitis B viral infection is a major epidemic and responsible for one of the commonest cancers in males reference needed because the HBsAg seroprevalence in males slightly higher than females, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. However, although its treatment is available and effective, it is out of the reach of the common person. Many have, because of cost of treatment, succumbed to the chronic effects of...
Modeling the risks of Ebola reemergence in Nigeria: Any lessons from outbreaks in Africa?
December 2016
Ebola virus Disease EVD is deleterious to the health system, food security and social activities. However, here we highlight the risk and fiscal impact an outbreak can exert - economic cost (direct cost of clinical treatment, contact tracing and surveillance system) and repugnant cost on the citizens and foreign business partners. This paper reviews the indicator parameters (risk factors) that can lead to an EVD index...
Occurrence of verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) in processed chicken from retail chicken markets in FCT, Abuja, Nigeria
December 2016
Chicken meat is one of the predominantly consumed foods of animal origin in Nigeria with constant increase in demand normally met by local retail market. Processed chicken at the retail chicken meat markets in Abuja were screened for the presence of verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) strains. A total of 273 faecal samples were collected using moistened sterile swabs and processed for E. coli isolation following...
Patient knowledge and behavioral factors leading to non-adherence to tuberculosis treatment in Khartoum State, Sudan
November 2016
Although tuberculosis is a curable and preventable disease, defaulting from treatment can prolong infectiousness leading to increased transmission, an increased risk of drug resistance, relapse and death. Our objective was to identify patient related determinants (including knowledge and awareness, opinion about TB services and behavioral factors) of treatment defaulting among TB patients in Khartoum State, Sudan....
Internal medicine resident knowledge and perceptions regarding electronic cigarettes
November 2016
Electronic cigarettes are an important public health concern. Smoking remains the leading cause of preventable death and morbidity worldwide and is a risk factor for six of the eight leading global causes of death. E-cigarettes have been proposed as an enticing prospect to reduce the harms of conventional tobacco use. However, they are increasingly used by middle-school and high-school students and threaten important...
Nutritional status and associated factors among primary school adolescents of pastoral and agro-pastoral communities, Mieso Woreda, Somali Region, Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study
November 2016
Globally, malnutrition among adolescents is a major public health concern. Despite the emergence of a number of advancements in areas of health and nutrition services in developing countries including Ethiopia, nutritional status of adolescents is not yet commonly included in health and nutrition surveys and an up-to-date overview of their nutritional status across the world is not available. Even the existing studies...
Risk factors associated with cholera outbreak in Bauchi and Gombe States in North East Nigeria
November 2016
This study investigated the risk factors associated with cholera epidemic during the 2010 cholera outbreak in some States in Nigeria. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to consented patients and/or their parents/guardians in Bauchi and Gombe States in North East Nigeria. Few (33.7%) respondents had access to safe and clean drinking water through the pipe-borne system compared to well (47.8%) and river...
Prevalence of major depressive disorder among Spanish adolescents
November 2016
The main objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) among adolescents in a city of 200,000 inhabitants using a psychiatric diagnostic tool. We also looked into how possible internal/external factors may influence prevalence and examined the comorbidity between MDD and other psychiatric disorders. The study population included 1,238 adolescents in their final year of...
Leukaemia incidence in residents of municipalities in the State of Rio de Janeiro between 2006 and 2014
November 2016
This research aims to study incidence of acute leukaemia in adults living under potential environmental exposure to industrial emissions in selected cities in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It evaluates the incidence of hospitalizations for leukaemia among residents of 19 metropolitan areas of the State of Rio de Janeiro registered in the Brazilian Health Care System (SUS) between January 2006 and March 2014,...
The persistence of tuberculosis in the United States: Spatial analysis and predictive modeling in the move toward elimination of tuberculosis (TB)
November 2016
Though tuberculosis (TB) prevalence has decreased dramatically in the United States, its continual presence remains a threat to those whose needs are often overlooked. Those already impacted by poverty are the most vulnerable to TB, and stand to bear the worst health impacts, should they contract this disease. Mathematical modeling and spatial analysis have become invaluable tools in TB surveillance monitoring and...
Morbidity and mortality due to severe diseases in Kasungu District, Malawi, Central Africa
October 2016
Analysis of the distribution of patients and diseases in the Kasungu District Hospital of Malawi, a land locked country in south-eastern Africa, was presented. The statistics of reported diseases in the hospital data with variables such as disease types, patient types and times of the year were examined. It is shown in this study that many of the diseases endemic to Africa do generally occur in this selected district as...
Road fatalities in Trinidad: A geographic information system approach
October 2016
This paper aims to examine road fatalities using a GIS approach in Trinidad in an effort to provide recommendations on how road collisions and the number of casualties can be mitigated. In order to achieve this, the paper has examined a number of maps of Trinidad. The study examined data generated from maps of Trinidad using the Arc GIS Maps 10 software. Different variables were used to manipulate the data and these...
Analysis of hospital account of malaria cases in a Malawian hospital
October 2016
The current study has been undertaken by studying the data from the hospital registers at the Kasugu District Hospital, Malawi. The malaria cases of 2014 were chosen for the study. They typically represent disease distribution based on the ages and genders of the patients. The data suggest that the cure rates among patients under age 5 and above do not have any significant difference, contrary to the commonly...
Creatinine height index as a predictor of nutritional status among patients with liver cirrhosis
October 2016
Assessment of nutritional status in cirrhotic patients is very difficult, and there is no gold-standard method used for nutritional evaluation of these patients. The study aims to assess the role of creatinine height index in evaluation of nutritional status of patients with liver cirrhosis, and to compare its results with different ordinary methods used for nutritional assessment. The study was cross sectional...
Effect of an educational program on awareness of cervical cancer and uptake of Pap smear among market women in Niger State, North Central Nigeria
October 2016
Cervical cancer is an important but preventable public health problem among women worldwide. Studies have shown low awareness about cervical cancer and its screening test. The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of an educational intervention programme on awareness of cervical cancer and uptake of Pap smear by women in selected markets in Niger State, Nigeria. This was a quasi-experimental study...
The prevalence and predisposing factors of norovirus and astrovirus infection among diarrheic children in north east, Nigeria
October 2016
This is a case-control study design that aims to determine the prevalence of norovirus and astrovirus infections in diarrheic children in Northeast region of Nigeria. Six hundred diarrheic stools (which were neither mucoid nor blood tinged) of children of 5 years or below were collected between May 2013 – April 2014. They were screened according to the manufacturer’s instruction, using a 3rd generation...
The cost-effectiveness of an updated theory-based online health behavior intervention for new university students: U@Uni2
October 2016
The transition to university marks a point where young people may be open to changing health behaviours such as smoking, exercise, diet and alcohol intake. This study aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of an updated online health behaviour intervention for new university students in the UK – “U@Uni2”, compared with both a control (measurement only) scenario and with the original intervention...
Epidemiology of Campylobacter species in poultry and humans in the four agricultural zones of Sokoto State, Nigeria
September 2016
A study was conducted to establish the epidemiology of Campylobacter species in the four agricultural zones of Sokoto. A total of 798 (506 cloacal and 292 fecal) swabs from poultry and humans respectively were screened and analyzed using standard culture isolation technique and biochemical characterization. A total of 152 (30%) and 160 (55%) were positive for Campylobacter spp. in poultry and humans respectively. The...
Prevalence of xerophthalmia and associated factors among school age children of Fadis, Oromia regional state, Eastern Ethiopia: School based cross-sectional study
September 2016
Vitamin A deficiency has long been a public health nutritional problem among children across the world, affecting mostly children in sub-Saharan African countries including Ethiopia. Vitamin A deficiency causes xerophthalmia, a range of eye conditions from night blindness to more severe clinical outcomes such as keratomalacia and corneal scars, and permanent blindness. Therefore, this study aimed to assess prevalence of...
Precarious employment and health outcomes in Sweden: A systematic review
September 2016
This study aimed to review articles which investigated the relationship between precarious employment and health outcomes in the Swedish population at national and regional levels. Publications comparing health outcomes among permanent and precariously employed workers were accessed systematically. The results indicated that although scarce, available studies have found a relationship between precarious types of...
Assessment of substance abuse and risky sexual behaviour among female sex workers in Addis-ketema sub city, Addis-Ababa, Ethiopia
September 2016
The global burden of substance use is substantial, accounting for 8.9% of productive life lost annually due to disability and premature mortality, as measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Among the ten leading risk factors in terms of avoidable disease burden, tobacco was fourth and alcohol fifth in 2000 and both remain high on the list in the 2010 and 2020 projections. Within any HIV epidemic, sex workers...
Knowledge and risk perception of the middle-east respiratory syndrome corona virus [MERS-CoV] among Ivoirian hajj pilgrims in 2013
September 2016
The 2013 Hajj (Muslims’ annual pilgrimage to Mecca) was marked by an outbreak of the middle-east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Saudi Arabia. In response to this threat, the Ivoirian health authorities carried out campaigns to inform and sensitize future pilgrims. Before departure to Saudi Arabia, a survey was conducted among the pilgrims to assess their level of knowledge about MERS-CoV as well as...
Availability of guidelines and policy documents for enhancing performance of practitioners at the Primary Health Care (PHC) facilities in Gaborone, Tlokweng and Mogoditshane, Republic of Botswana
August 2016
This study aimed to determine the profile and availability of policies and guidelines as reference documents at Primary Health Care (PHC) facilities in Gaborone and its surrounding in Botswana using the World Health Organisation/Drug Action programme (WHO/DAP) Questionnaire. The Questionnaire is a standard recommended by WHO and therefore was not piloted. All 20 PHC facilities were included in the study, however, data...
Descriptive epidemiology and predisposing factors to idiopathic talipes equinovarus in South South Nigeria
August 2016
Talipes equinovarus (Clubfoot) is the commonest foot deformity with variable incidence across races. Exact etiology remains elusive. The objective of this study is to describe the epidemiology of clubfoot in our centre, looking for predisposing factors. This is a descriptive clinic based epidemiologic study of 106 feet belonging to 69 subjects from January 2014 – December 2015 was conducted. Structured...
Knowledge of risk factors for lifestyle induced chronic diseases among secondary school students in Obio/Akpor LGA, Rivers State
August 2016
The study determined knowledge of risk factors for lifestyle induced chronic diseases among secondary school students in Obio/Akpor LGA, Rivers State. The sample for the study consisted of 480 secondary school students. The sample was drawn using multistage sampling procedures. The instrument for data collection was a researcher-designed structured questionnaire. Three experts validated the instrument. Reliability of...
Benefits of animal intervention strategies in the control of neglected zoonotic diseases in Nigeria
July 2016
Nigeria among many other developing countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America still suffers the impact of neglected zoonotic diseases (NZDs) such as rabies, brucellosis, cysticercosis, echinococcosis and other geo-helminths which have been successfully eradicated in industrialized countries. These diseases cause economic bankruptcy among over 70% of Nigerians who live in the rural areas and whose livelihood is...
Trends of risk factors of completed suicide by gender and age
July 2016
The objective of this study was to identify trends of completed suicide based on gender and age groups. Population data of complete suicide in Sri Lanka during 2005 to 2014 were collected from the Sri Lanka Police Statistics Department. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-square test and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Risk factors of completed suicide is significantly depending with age...
Prevalence of Brucella antibodies in horses (Equus Caballus) in Jalingo, Taraba State, Nigeria
July 2016
A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Brucella antibodies in Jalingo using the Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and the serum agglutination test (SAT). A total of 90 adult horses that were on zero grazing management system were sampled. The sampling sites were selected based on the availability of horses. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of Brucella antibodies in horses as well as...
Prevalence of risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases in the municipality of Porto Velho, occidental Amazon, Brazil
June 2016
To describe and analyse, according to sociodemographic characteristics, the major risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) in adults aged over 18 years, residing in the municipality of Porto Velho, State of Rondonia, during 2006-2011. Prevalence of major risk factors for CNCDs were estimated within the population aged 18 and over, using telephone interviews with random samples of the population covered...
Determinants of place of delivery: A comparison between an urban and a rural community in Nigeria
June 2016
Child-birth is a risk producing event that requires timely and adequate medical intervention for women who experience obstetric complications. The provision of a health worker with midwifery skills at every birth, plus access to emergency hospital obstetric care, is the option to mitigate this risk. However, in sub Saharan Africa, most births take place outside health facilities and without skilled attendants. This...
Autism, genetics, and inbreeding: An evolutionary view
May 2016
Recently there have been increased reports of autism, yet the disease is not contagious. Since it is not catching, there must be other forces at work that somehow create or pass on the autistic symptoms. DNA reports show that deviations in the genetic code due to ancient inbreeding can follow a human line for generations. Studies show that inbreeding was widespread until a few hundred years ago and is continued today,...
Breast cancer knowledge and screening practices among female secondary schools teachers in an urban local government area, Ibadan, Nigeria
May 2016
Breast cancer a major public health challenge is often associated with high morbidity which often times is not unconnected with poor knowledge and screening practices. Teachers who are seen as role model are the key stakeholders in prevention of breast cancer (BC). However their knowledge and screening practices have not been fully explored. Therefore this study was designed to investigate knowledge of breast cancer and...
Prevalence of neonatal jaundice in Eku Baptist Community Hospital in Delta State Nigeria
May 2016
The prevalence of neonatal jaundice among newborn babies in Eku Baptist Community Hospital in Delta State was studied between January 2007 and May 2013. A total of 2,509 neonatal case folders were reviewed to determine the prevalence, pattern of occurrence, and associated risk factors of neonatal jaundice among the newborn babies aged between 1 and 28 days. Neonatal jaundice accounted for a total prevalence of 52. 6 in...
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