Risk factors associated with cholera outbreak in Bauchi and Gombe States in North East Nigeria
November 2016
This study investigated the risk factors associated with cholera epidemic during the 2010 cholera outbreak in some States in Nigeria. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to consented patients and/or their parents/guardians in Bauchi and Gombe States in North East Nigeria. Few (33.7%) respondents had access to safe and clean drinking water through the pipe-borne system compared to well (47.8%) and river...
Prevalence of major depressive disorder among Spanish adolescents
November 2016
The main objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) among adolescents in a city of 200,000 inhabitants using a psychiatric diagnostic tool. We also looked into how possible internal/external factors may influence prevalence and examined the comorbidity between MDD and other psychiatric disorders. The study population included 1,238 adolescents in their final year of...
Leukaemia incidence in residents of municipalities in the State of Rio de Janeiro between 2006 and 2014
November 2016
This research aims to study incidence of acute leukaemia in adults living under potential environmental exposure to industrial emissions in selected cities in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It evaluates the incidence of hospitalizations for leukaemia among residents of 19 metropolitan areas of the State of Rio de Janeiro registered in the Brazilian Health Care System (SUS) between January 2006 and March 2014,...
The persistence of tuberculosis in the United States: Spatial analysis and predictive modeling in the move toward elimination of tuberculosis (TB)
November 2016
Though tuberculosis (TB) prevalence has decreased dramatically in the United States, its continual presence remains a threat to those whose needs are often overlooked. Those already impacted by poverty are the most vulnerable to TB, and stand to bear the worst health impacts, should they contract this disease. Mathematical modeling and spatial analysis have become invaluable tools in TB surveillance monitoring and...
Morbidity and mortality due to severe diseases in Kasungu District, Malawi, Central Africa
October 2016
Analysis of the distribution of patients and diseases in the Kasungu District Hospital of Malawi, a land locked country in south-eastern Africa, was presented. The statistics of reported diseases in the hospital data with variables such as disease types, patient types and times of the year were examined. It is shown in this study that many of the diseases endemic to Africa do generally occur in this selected district as...
Road fatalities in Trinidad: A geographic information system approach
October 2016
This paper aims to examine road fatalities using a GIS approach in Trinidad in an effort to provide recommendations on how road collisions and the number of casualties can be mitigated. In order to achieve this, the paper has examined a number of maps of Trinidad. The study examined data generated from maps of Trinidad using the Arc GIS Maps 10 software. Different variables were used to manipulate the data and these...
Analysis of hospital account of malaria cases in a Malawian hospital
October 2016
The current study has been undertaken by studying the data from the hospital registers at the Kasugu District Hospital, Malawi. The malaria cases of 2014 were chosen for the study. They typically represent disease distribution based on the ages and genders of the patients. The data suggest that the cure rates among patients under age 5 and above do not have any significant difference, contrary to the commonly...
Creatinine height index as a predictor of nutritional status among patients with liver cirrhosis
October 2016
Assessment of nutritional status in cirrhotic patients is very difficult, and there is no gold-standard method used for nutritional evaluation of these patients. The study aims to assess the role of creatinine height index in evaluation of nutritional status of patients with liver cirrhosis, and to compare its results with different ordinary methods used for nutritional assessment. The study was cross sectional...
Effect of an educational program on awareness of cervical cancer and uptake of Pap smear among market women in Niger State, North Central Nigeria
October 2016
Cervical cancer is an important but preventable public health problem among women worldwide. Studies have shown low awareness about cervical cancer and its screening test. The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of an educational intervention programme on awareness of cervical cancer and uptake of Pap smear by women in selected markets in Niger State, Nigeria. This was a quasi-experimental study...
The prevalence and predisposing factors of norovirus and astrovirus infection among diarrheic children in north east, Nigeria
October 2016
This is a case-control study design that aims to determine the prevalence of norovirus and astrovirus infections in diarrheic children in Northeast region of Nigeria. Six hundred diarrheic stools (which were neither mucoid nor blood tinged) of children of 5 years or below were collected between May 2013 – April 2014. They were screened according to the manufacturer’s instruction, using a 3rd generation...
The cost-effectiveness of an updated theory-based online health behavior intervention for new university students: U@Uni2
October 2016
The transition to university marks a point where young people may be open to changing health behaviours such as smoking, exercise, diet and alcohol intake. This study aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of an updated online health behaviour intervention for new university students in the UK – “U@Uni2”, compared with both a control (measurement only) scenario and with the original intervention...
Epidemiology of Campylobacter species in poultry and humans in the four agricultural zones of Sokoto State, Nigeria
September 2016
A study was conducted to establish the epidemiology of Campylobacter species in the four agricultural zones of Sokoto. A total of 798 (506 cloacal and 292 fecal) swabs from poultry and humans respectively were screened and analyzed using standard culture isolation technique and biochemical characterization. A total of 152 (30%) and 160 (55%) were positive for Campylobacter spp. in poultry and humans respectively. The...
Prevalence of xerophthalmia and associated factors among school age children of Fadis, Oromia regional state, Eastern Ethiopia: School based cross-sectional study
September 2016
Vitamin A deficiency has long been a public health nutritional problem among children across the world, affecting mostly children in sub-Saharan African countries including Ethiopia. Vitamin A deficiency causes xerophthalmia, a range of eye conditions from night blindness to more severe clinical outcomes such as keratomalacia and corneal scars, and permanent blindness. Therefore, this study aimed to assess prevalence of...
Precarious employment and health outcomes in Sweden: A systematic review
September 2016
This study aimed to review articles which investigated the relationship between precarious employment and health outcomes in the Swedish population at national and regional levels. Publications comparing health outcomes among permanent and precariously employed workers were accessed systematically. The results indicated that although scarce, available studies have found a relationship between precarious types of...
Assessment of substance abuse and risky sexual behaviour among female sex workers in Addis-ketema sub city, Addis-Ababa, Ethiopia
September 2016
The global burden of substance use is substantial, accounting for 8.9% of productive life lost annually due to disability and premature mortality, as measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Among the ten leading risk factors in terms of avoidable disease burden, tobacco was fourth and alcohol fifth in 2000 and both remain high on the list in the 2010 and 2020 projections. Within any HIV epidemic, sex workers...
Knowledge and risk perception of the middle-east respiratory syndrome corona virus [MERS-CoV] among Ivoirian hajj pilgrims in 2013
September 2016
The 2013 Hajj (Muslims’ annual pilgrimage to Mecca) was marked by an outbreak of the middle-east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Saudi Arabia. In response to this threat, the Ivoirian health authorities carried out campaigns to inform and sensitize future pilgrims. Before departure to Saudi Arabia, a survey was conducted among the pilgrims to assess their level of knowledge about MERS-CoV as well as...
Knowledge of risk factors for lifestyle induced chronic diseases among secondary school students in Obio/Akpor LGA, Rivers State
August 2016
The study determined knowledge of risk factors for lifestyle induced chronic diseases among secondary school students in Obio/Akpor LGA, Rivers State. The sample for the study consisted of 480 secondary school students. The sample was drawn using multistage sampling procedures. The instrument for data collection was a researcher-designed structured questionnaire. Three experts validated the instrument. Reliability of...
Descriptive epidemiology and predisposing factors to idiopathic talipes equinovarus in South South Nigeria
August 2016
Talipes equinovarus (Clubfoot) is the commonest foot deformity with variable incidence across races. Exact etiology remains elusive. The objective of this study is to describe the epidemiology of clubfoot in our centre, looking for predisposing factors. This is a descriptive clinic based epidemiologic study of 106 feet belonging to 69 subjects from January 2014 – December 2015 was conducted. Structured...
Availability of guidelines and policy documents for enhancing performance of practitioners at the Primary Health Care (PHC) facilities in Gaborone, Tlokweng and Mogoditshane, Republic of Botswana
August 2016
This study aimed to determine the profile and availability of policies and guidelines as reference documents at Primary Health Care (PHC) facilities in Gaborone and its surrounding in Botswana using the World Health Organisation/Drug Action programme (WHO/DAP) Questionnaire. The Questionnaire is a standard recommended by WHO and therefore was not piloted. All 20 PHC facilities were included in the study, however, data...
Benefits of animal intervention strategies in the control of neglected zoonotic diseases in Nigeria
July 2016
Nigeria among many other developing countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America still suffers the impact of neglected zoonotic diseases (NZDs) such as rabies, brucellosis, cysticercosis, echinococcosis and other geo-helminths which have been successfully eradicated in industrialized countries. These diseases cause economic bankruptcy among over 70% of Nigerians who live in the rural areas and whose livelihood is...
Trends of risk factors of completed suicide by gender and age
July 2016
The objective of this study was to identify trends of completed suicide based on gender and age groups. Population data of complete suicide in Sri Lanka during 2005 to 2014 were collected from the Sri Lanka Police Statistics Department. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-square test and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Risk factors of completed suicide is significantly depending with age...
Prevalence of Brucella antibodies in horses (Equus Caballus) in Jalingo, Taraba State, Nigeria
July 2016
A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Brucella antibodies in Jalingo using the Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and the serum agglutination test (SAT). A total of 90 adult horses that were on zero grazing management system were sampled. The sampling sites were selected based on the availability of horses. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of Brucella antibodies in horses as well as...
Prevalence of risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases in the municipality of Porto Velho, occidental Amazon, Brazil
June 2016
To describe and analyse, according to sociodemographic characteristics, the major risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) in adults aged over 18 years, residing in the municipality of Porto Velho, State of Rondonia, during 2006-2011. Prevalence of major risk factors for CNCDs were estimated within the population aged 18 and over, using telephone interviews with random samples of the population covered...
Determinants of place of delivery: A comparison between an urban and a rural community in Nigeria
June 2016
Child-birth is a risk producing event that requires timely and adequate medical intervention for women who experience obstetric complications. The provision of a health worker with midwifery skills at every birth, plus access to emergency hospital obstetric care, is the option to mitigate this risk. However, in sub Saharan Africa, most births take place outside health facilities and without skilled attendants. This...
Prevalence of neonatal jaundice in Eku Baptist Community Hospital in Delta State Nigeria
May 2016
The prevalence of neonatal jaundice among newborn babies in Eku Baptist Community Hospital in Delta State was studied between January 2007 and May 2013. A total of 2,509 neonatal case folders were reviewed to determine the prevalence, pattern of occurrence, and associated risk factors of neonatal jaundice among the newborn babies aged between 1 and 28 days. Neonatal jaundice accounted for a total prevalence of 52. 6 in...
Which suicides increase during the economic crisis? A commentary and a proposal
May 2016
Both suicide and economic crisis as terms are defined differently in scientific studies. Suicides before the crisis have several causes, and the proportion of such suicides during a crisis is unknown. Calculating these suicides as part of the purported economic crisis induced suicides may exaggerate the increase in the suicide rate. Suicide statistics is not reliable in all countries. Several years may pass before the...
Breast cancer knowledge and screening practices among female secondary schools teachers in an urban local government area, Ibadan, Nigeria
May 2016
Breast cancer a major public health challenge is often associated with high morbidity which often times is not unconnected with poor knowledge and screening practices. Teachers who are seen as role model are the key stakeholders in prevention of breast cancer (BC). However their knowledge and screening practices have not been fully explored. Therefore this study was designed to investigate knowledge of breast cancer and...
Autism, genetics, and inbreeding: An evolutionary view
May 2016
Recently there have been increased reports of autism, yet the disease is not contagious. Since it is not catching, there must be other forces at work that somehow create or pass on the autistic symptoms. DNA reports show that deviations in the genetic code due to ancient inbreeding can follow a human line for generations. Studies show that inbreeding was widespread until a few hundred years ago and is continued today,...
Knowledge, risk perception and hepatitis B vaccination status of healthcare workers in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria
April 2016
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection threatens the health of populations across the globe. It is an important occupational risk for health care workers (HCWs); they are known to be at high risk of the infection following needle stick injuries and accidental exposure to infected blood and other body fluids. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge, risk perception and hepatitis B vaccination status of HCWs in Usmanu...
Public attitude and awareness towards their teeth color and dental bleaching in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional survey
April 2016
Advances in restorative dentistry have made many tooth whitening techniques economical and cost effective both in developed and developing countries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the attitude and awareness of tooth bleaching among a sample of adults attending shopping malls in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. A cross sectional survey was performed in four major malls located in different regions of Riyadh city in...
Relationship between dietary practices, physical activity and body mass indices of type 2 diabetics attending a clinic in Accra, Ghana
April 2016
Data on dietary practices, physical activity and body mass indices of type 2 diabetics in Ghana is scanty. This study therefore assessed relationships between dietary practices, physical activity, and body mass indices of type 2 diabetic patients using a cross-sectional survey. One hundred and twenty type 2 diabetic patients were purposely recruited from the Diabetes Centre at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra,...
Prevalence of Schistosoma and other parasites among female residents of some communities in Oyo State, Nigeria
March 2016
Prevalence of Schistosoma and other parasitic infections in 507 females (5-78 years) was determined in a cross-sectional study undertaken in seven communities of Oyo State, Nigeria. Urine and stool samples were examined, and 25.2% overall parasite prevalence was recorded. Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni prevalence was 5.5 and 0.3% respectively. Ascaris lumbricoides (11.4%), Hookworm (9.3%),...
National measles surveillance data analysis, 2005 to 2009, Ethiopia
March 2016
Measles is a well known vaccine preventable disease causing significant morbidity and mortality among children worldwide especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. A surveillance data was analyzed to describe measles cases epidemiologically and identify locations where case loads are high for further investigations. The National Measles/World Health Organization (WHO) guideline was used for case definitions and...
The epidemiology of thyroid diseases in the Arab world: A systematic review
February 2016
Thyroid gland diseases are a public health problem worldwide. Imbalance in the regulation of thyroid gland hormones can cause many disorders that range from a small goiter to life threatening diseases, such as thyroid cancer. Thyroid dysfunction both hyper and hypothyroidism can affect circulatory system by affecting cardiac output, cardiac contractility, blood pressure, vascular resistance and rhythm disturbance which...
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of health care workers on Ebola virus disease in Conakry, Guinea: A cross-sectional study
February 2016
In the current Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak, health care workers (HCWs) are on the frontline of the response. The study aimed to report on the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Conakry HCWs. A cross-sectional survey was done among HCWs from the two national hospitals and at the communal hospitals in Conakry, using a standardized questionnaire. Demographic, knowledge, attitudes and practices data of the...
Perception of obstetric danger signs among women living on the coastline of the Atlantic Ocean in rural Lagos, Nigeria
January 2016
Implementation of safe motherhood programs in sub-Saharan African nations requires recognition of signs of potential emergency obstetric cases to facilitate immediate care seeking and urgent medical intervention. This questionnaire-based survey aimed to describe the perception of obstetric danger signs among women of reproductive age, living on the Atlantic coastline of rural Lagos. This cross-sectional, descriptive...
Breast feeding initiation time and its impact on diarrheal disease and pneumonia in West Africa
December 2015
Although breast feeding (BF) is protective against infectious disease amongst children, its timing initiation effect after birth is unknown, whether immediate (<1 h), hours (>1 to <24 h) or days (>24 h). The authors examined relationships between early initiation time of BF and the prevalence of pneumonia and diarrhea in infants and under 5 children adjusting for gender, previous sibling death, maternal...
Prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica among primary school children in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
November 2015
Amoebasis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality world wide, especially in developing countries because of lack of safe potable water and low level of hygiene due to high level of poverty. This study determined the prevalence and spatial distribution of amoebasis in school age children in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. Two hundred and seventy eight (278) stool samples were examined for the cyst or...
Predictors of optimum antenatal iron-folate supplementation in a low resource rural set-up in Eastern Kenya
November 2015
There is depressed prevalence of the optimum iron-folate supplementation in Kenya and in other sub-Saharan Africa countries. The study was motivated by the paucity of area-specific data on predictors of optimum iron-folate supplementation. The aim of the study was to assess the maternal, knowledge and institutional factors that predict 90+ days (optimum) iron-folate supplementation among pregnant women in a rural set-up...
The knowledge and practice of universal precautions amongst midwives in Central Hospital, Benin City
November 2015
This study seeks to assess midwives’ knowledge and practice of universal precautions in Central Hospital, Benin City. The study employed descriptive research design. The target population was all registered midwives in Central Hospital Benin City. A total number of 180 respondents were drawn from the total population using purposive sampling technique. A structured questionnaire containing 29 items was designed...
Risk factors, electrolyte disturbances and lipid profiles in sudanese patients with stroke
October 2015
Stroke is a growing public health concern in low- and middle- income countries, however no systematic study has been conducted to elucidate possible causes of stroke among most low- and middle- income countries. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of stroke, associated risk factors, electrolyte disturbances and lipid profiles in Sudanese stroke patients. A retrospective hospital-based study was...
Impact of multidisciplinary care in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis hospitalizations in the public health system of Brazil
October 2015
There is evidence that multidisciplinary care improves quality of life and there is a growing appreciation of public policies in Brazil that favor home care with a multidisciplinary team in chronic diseases. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological profile of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the Federal District and the impact of tertiary reference center creation on patient care. A descriptive, cross-sectional...
Viral and bacterial acute lower respiratory tract infections in Khartoum children emergency hospital in 2012
September 2015
Acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI) including severe pneumonia are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age worldwide especially in developing countries. There is little information on the viral and bacterial etiology of severe pneumonia in Sudan where the disease burden is particularly high. The objectives of this study were to identify causative...
Study of ABO and Rh-D blood group among the common people of Chittagong city corporation area of Bangladesh
September 2015
This study was aimed to identify the distribution patterns of ABO and Rh-D blood group among the population of Chittagong city corporation area in Chittagong city of Bangladesh in order to promote social awareness, and safe blood transfusion among the population. A cross sectional, analytical study was carried out on a total of 937 people in three different area of Chittagong City Corporation (that is, Central railway...
Geomedical study of thyroid disorders in the foot hill settlements of Pir Panjal Range
September 2015
The present study is an, attempt to find out the concentration of Iodine (I) in soil and water phases of the natural environment, and its relationship with the human health in the foot hill settlements of Pir Panjal Range in Anantnag district of Kashmir valley. Also, socio-economic determinants of health were taken into due account. Firstly, the area was divided into altitudinal zones and soils classes. Then, the soil...
Medicine pricing: Impact on accessibility and affordability of medicines vis a vis the product origin as pharmaco-economic drivers in Comoros
September 2015
This paper highlights the availability, pricing and affordability of popular medicines in Comoros. We used the standardized survey methodology developed by the World Health Organization and Health Action International to conduct a cross sectional survey for collecting data on availability and patient prices of medicines in public, private and mission sector medicines outlets from April 1 to June 30, 2014. Median...
Knowledge of food borne infection and food safety practices among local food handlers in Ijebu-Ode Local Government Area of Ogun State
September 2015
Increase in food borne infection has been linked with the lack of knowledge of food borne infection (FBI) and poor food safety practice (FSP) of food handlers. This is a major determinant of the kind of patronage received by local restaurants and fast food restaurants. This study was carried out to assess the knowledge of FBI and FSP of local food handlers in Ijebu-Ode Local Government Area of Ogun State. Four hundred...
Is mobile health (mHealth) the magic bullet? A short review of the impact of mHealth on adolescent sexual health
August 2015
Adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) remains a major public health and developmental issue worldwide. The stage of adolescence is typically characterised by a desire for information, curiosity and experimentation. Adolescent social interactions, relationships and sexual behaviour are intimately linked to information available to them during this transition period and ASRH programmes deliver sexual and...
Seroprevalence of brucellosis among livestock workers at Maiduguri cattle market, Borno State, North Eastern, Nigeria
August 2015
A serological survey was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in livestock workers at Maiduguri cattle market, Borno State, Nigeria. A total of 100 serum samples comprising 40 from animal handlers, 25 from livestock keepers, 20 from butchers and 15 from middlemen were tested using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) antigen for both Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis. Seroprevalence rate of 11% was...
Audit of use of antimicrobial agents at a tertiary health centre in Lagos, Nigeria
August 2015
Antimicrobial agents are reported to be the commonest prescribed medication among physicians. Studies have shown that up to 50% of antimicrobial agents prescriptions are inappropriate. The study was a retrospective cross-sectional design. Records of all patients admitted to both the medical and paediatrics wards during the period of audit were reviewed after discharge from the hospital. The appropriateness of the...
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