Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Subtype Diversity in Busia, Western Kenya
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HIV infection is currently the single biggest epidemic globally. HIV is the etiologic agent for AIDS. HIV is divided into two types: HIV type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV type 2 (HIV-2). HIV-2 is rare and is mainly found in some parts of West Africa, though an increasing number of cases have been recognized in Europe, India, and the United States of America in recent times. HIV-1 accounts for most cases of AIDS. The strains of...
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In this study we assayed on antimicrobial activity of various parts of Benincasa hispida (peel, pulp, waxy coating) of mature and immature winter melon fruits. Various parts of the plant are reported as antibacterial agents worldwide. Leaves, flower, root, seed are the most studied elements as antibacterial agent. Some fruits are also proved antibacterial agent and used as herbal medicine as well as nutritional...
Phylogenetic analyses and bioactivities of endophytic Pestalotiopsis from Amazonian species
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Bioprospecting of the genus Pestalotiopsis shows potential for different bioactivity applications, this potential may originate from the close relationship with its host species. In this study, we verified the efficiency of the ITS regions for phylogenetic analysis of Pestalotiopsis species isolated as endophytes associated with basidiomycetes. The strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from the Genus Gustavia,...
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The use of insects in folk medicine is widespread. This study was carried out in order to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the Acanthoplus discoidalis insect extract. Insects were harvested from maize fields by hand picking and prepared to produce the extract. In the disc-diffusion assay, plate count agar plates were inoculated with 100μl of each of the test microorganism adjusted with peptone to...
Antimicrobial Properties and Antioxidant Activities of Pigeon Pea Seed Protein Hydrolysates
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In recent times, the biological activities of enzymatic digests of plant and animal proteins have been investigated and have been shown to exhibit multidirectional effects against microorganisms involved in the pathophysiology of a number of diseases. The present study evaluated the antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of pigeon pea protein hydrolysates. Proteins were hydrolyzed using the enzymes pepsin, trypsin and...
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Background: Food contact surfaces are surfaces that encounter food for humans. It can harbor and introduce pathogens into food. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the microbiological quality of food contact surfaces (utensils) from hotels and restaurants in Addis Ababa. Methods: We used cross-sectional study design in which 12 hotels and 28 restaurants were randomly selected in Addis Ababa. Swab samples from...
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Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is of the most frequent malignancies that suffer poor prognosis. In Egypt, HCC occurs mainly in the background of chronic infection with HCV. Early diagnosis of HCC development is crucial for proper management. Therefore, this study aimed to detect the expression of miR-122 and miR-483 in sera from Egyptian patients with HCV-related HCC and to evaluate their value as biomarkers...
Survey for Faba bean (Vicia fabae L.) fungal diseases in Ethiopia
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Among biotic factors diseases were the most important constraints of Faba bean yield in Ethiopia. This investigation was designed: to identify, document, prioritize and be acquainted with distribution of fungal diseases of Faba bean in Ethiopia; to map geographical distribution areas for economically important faba bean fungal diseases. Assessments of diseases were accomplished in 2017 and 2018 main growing season of the...
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Vancomycin remains one of reserved drugs and last option for the treatment of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) globally. Little resistance has been reported to date, but generally it is not being actively prescribed in this environment. This study evaluated the possibility of isolating S. aureus with genes encoding resistance to vancomycin in a hospital setting. A total of 177 presumptive S. aureus...
BACTERIAL BIOFILM IN VETERINARY MEDICINE: MECHANISMS AND ITS CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
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Bacteria can exist in natural ecosystem in two forms: (1) free-floating ‘planktonic organisms’ and (2) in biofilms which is recently recognized and the predominant form of microbial growth attached to surfaces. Biofilms are clinically important in both human and veterinary medicine, having the ability to form on both medical devices and living tissue. Biofilm formation has many stage of process which is includes:...
Polyethylene Degradation by Certain Bacterial and Fungal Isolated from Solid Waste Dump Site
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Soil samples were collected from a dump site, isolations and identification of microorganisms were carried out. Bacteria isolated were Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus and Clostridium sp. while the fungi isolated were Penicillium sp., Fusarium sambucinum and Aspergillus niger. The ability of the isolates to utilize polyethylene for growth in liquid and solid culture media was investigated. At the end of 5 months, the...
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Flavivirus has been recently raised to the status of a new family of enveloped RNA viruses, the Flaviviridae. Non-structural protein 5 (NS5) of Dengue virus (DENV) contains N- terminal methyltransferase domain and a C-terminal RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domain. This protein is responsible for viral replication and has become an attractive target for the development of anti-viral therapeutic drugs. Present in-silico study...
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Background: The control of tuberculosis (TB) has become a global health challenge due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). This highlights the need for faster and more accurate detection of tuberculosis cases. Objectives: The study aims to detect MDR-TB strains of pulmonary tuberculosis using resistance ratio method and to compare the diagnostic value of drug...
INTESTINAL HELMINTHIASIS, A SILENT THREAT TO CHILD’S DEVELOPMENT
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Background: Intestinal helminth is a public health problem with high mortality in pre- school and school aged children and affects the overall physiological and mental development of a child. The key objective of this work is to determine the prevalence and intensity of intestinal helminths in primary school pupils. Methodology: Blood and Stool specimens were collected from 557 pupils and were examined for intestinal...
ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC POOL OF THE NEW CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) LITRATURE
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A brief background: The pandemic for the new coronavirus culminated in a scientific race in search of explanations about viruses, as well as treatment, vaccines, preventive strategies, in order to reduce the health, health and economy impact in the world. Aim: The present study was carried out with the aim of analyzing the world scientific production of COVID-19. Method / Design: This is an exploratory and descriptive...
Recent trends of MDR, XDR and PDR strains of Escherichia coli in Urinary Tract infection samples
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Escherichia coli (E. coli) are frequent occupant of the animal and human intestine. It also acts as leading pathogen causing Urinary tract infections. We have checked the checked the antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli against different antibiotics by Kirby-Bauer diffusion method. In this study, prevalence of E. coli is 64%. 27(42.18%) samples showed Multi drug resistance (MDR) in this study. 4(6.25%) samples showed...
Inhibitory Activities of Bryophyllumpinnatum leaf extract on Selected Strains of Microorganisms
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BryophyllumpinnatumLam. (Crassulaceae) called ‘Oda-opue’ in Igbo, ‘Eru-odundunin Yoruba and ‘Abomoda’ in Hausa languages are widely used as food and as medicines in traditional medical practice. They are found widely in tropical Africa, America, India and China. This study investigates the inhibitory activities of hydro-ethanolic leaf extract ofB. pinnatumagainst some strains of microorganisms (Staphylococcus...
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Antiretroviral (ART) treatment failure is a major obstacle in the management of HIV positive clients. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of ART treatment failure among HIV positive clients attending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital. The study was conducted by assessing immunological (CD4 cells count) and virological (viral load test) parameters. Of the 120 HIV positive clients tested, 27 (22.5%) had...
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Sichuan traditional pickle is fermented by pickling with aged brine which is used for years even decades. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify autochthonous nitrite-degrading lactic acid bacteria from traditional Sichuan fermented radish. Three lactic acid bacteria strains with high nitrite-degrading ability were screened and identified as Leuoconostoc mesenteroieds (R5) and Weissella sp (R2, R4) by...
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Listeria monocytogenes is a food borne pathogen frequently associated with the consumption of contaminated food. Severe and life threatening human diseases caused by Listeria monocytogenes has been reported throughout the world. The present study evaluated the prevalence and antibiograms of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from yoghurt and raw milk sample in Zaria, Kaduna State. A total of three hundred and sixteen samples...
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Cronobacter sakazakii was isolated from Used and Retail Powdered Infant Formulas (PIF) and Opened-vended Powdered Milk (OVPM) samples using standard methods comprising Enterobacteriaceae Enrichment Broth and HARDYCHROM sakazakii medium. The antibiotics susceptibility results showed that out of the forty-four (44) of the Cronobacter sakazakii isolates tested, 44 (100%) was sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, 27 (61.36%) to...
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Organic farming system emphasis on sustainable development of agriculture, the traditional agriculture system was much akin to the organic system but modernization of agriculture made a shift to this trend. Field experiments were conducted during kharif (Rain fed) 2013 and 2014 to develop a suitable organic module to manage these diseases and improve productivity of cluster bean. The module consisting of soil application...
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Triterpenoids are a large group of naturally occurring substances in plant kingdon. In this paper was presented a Saponin from Fillicium decipiens seeds purified through a protocol using Ion-exchange coupled-chromatography for protein retention followed by Gel filtration under Sephadex-LH-20, and characterized by HPLC-MS. Saponin was examined for its antifungal properties by sensibility and dilution methods, and submitted...
Multiplex PCR technique for rapid detection of indicator bacteria in drinking water
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Microbial indicators, in particular coliform bacteria including Escherichia coli and Enterococci have been established for detecting fecal contamination in water. These indicators, used to assess the potential public health risk of drinking water and their presence or absence, are key elements of most drinking water quality guidelines. Approved traditional methods for indicator organisms detection include the multiple-tube...
DETERMINATION GENOYTYPE D OF HEPATITIS B VIRUSAMONGST PATEINTS IN MOSUL-IRAQ
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Background: Hepatitis means inflammation of liver, caused by several viruses and agents. Hepatitis B virus is one of many types of viruses can infect liver and causes inflammation and in sometimes reaching to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Objectives: the aim of this study is to detect the genotype of hepatitis B virus from patients in Mosul. Methods: We evaluate 25 patients presumably with HBV in acute and...
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The research was aimed at Isolation and Identification of Anaerobic and Aerobic bacteria present in theUrogenital tracts of female patients attending Specialist Hospital Sokoto and Maryam Abacha Women and Children Hospital Sokoto. A total of forty (40) samples were collected from 40 female patients. A total of twenty (20) High vagina swab (HVS) samples and twenty(20) urine samples were collected. Bacteria isolated were...
In vitro antibacterial activity of an endemic plant of south Algeria
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Resistances to current antibacterial drugs are growing global concerns. Traditional medicine is a potential source of new antibacterial. The main purpose of this study firstly, it is to find the chemical compounds in the Citrullus colocynthis Schard fruits leaves and roots , secondly, to evaluate the antibacterial activity of aqueous and hydromethanolic extract of the different parts. Phytochemical screening revealed the...
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In this study, 29 isolates of actinomycetes were isolated from soil samples collected in the area of various localities of Haridwar region. These isolates were tested for their antagonistic properties against test organisms Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus epidermis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcesens, and Escherichia coli. Some of these actinomycetous strains exhibited antimicrobial activity...
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Generally, hot areas such as hot springs have high potential for growth of thermophilic bacteria. These bacteria are very useful in various industries in the fields of microbiology and biotechnology. One of the most important and most diverse groups of thermophiles is Bacillaceae family. Many species of this family are Extremophiles. Recently, scientists have found a tendency to study about thermophilic bacteria, thus they...
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Production of lovastatin was carried out by Monascuspurpureus MTCC 369 using agro-industrial residues likecorn bran as substrate under solid state fermentation. Lovastatin is a potent hypercholesterolemic drug used forlowering blood cholesterol. In recent years, lovastatin has also been reported as a potential therapeutic agent forthe treatment of various types of tumors and also play a tremendous role in the regulation of...
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Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Klebsiella pneumoniae can resist many antibiotic groups as they contain resistant genes responsible for multi-drug resistance. the study aimed to detect and identifying multi-drug resistant (MDR) K. pneumoniae from different clinical samples with detection and sequencing of both TEM and SHV genes, and using Glycyrrhizic acid nanoparticle as a treatment agent for MDR, ESBL...
Microbial analysis of drinking water from rawalakot muncipality of Azad Jammu And Kashmir
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Water has always been an important and life-sustaining drink to humans and is essential for the survival of all organisms. Therefore, a study was carried out to analyze the safety of drinking water. Samples of water will be collected from different sources available in Rawalakot municipality of Azad Jammu and Kashmir and were analyzed for microbiological parameters. Microbiological parameters include total coli forms,...
Microbiological Safety of Raw Cow Milk across the Milk Supply Chain in Eastern Ethiopia
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This study was conducted to determine the microbiological safety of informally marketed raw cow milk across the milk supply chain in eastern Ethiopia. A total of 360 pooled raw cow milk samples (each with a volume of 450 mL) were collected from the udders and milk handling equipment of producers in rural areas of Babile district; from the equipment of collectors/transporters in Harar and Dire Dawa towns as well as from the...
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Foodborne illness is considered as one of the most important public health problems, especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the microbiological quality and safety of ready-to-eat foods in Yirgalem town, Southern Ethiopia, from November 2016 to August 2017. A total of 160 food samples, including 40 'Injera firfir', 40 'Bayeaynet', 40 Vegetables and 40 spaghetti were collected and...
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A total of ninety broilers chicks were reared for a defined period of time until they reached to two months of age after completion of vaccination program required for broiler chickens. The chicks were divided into three groups (A, B and C) of 30 chicks each, and housed separately into chicken pens divided into three compartments, they were fed daily and given water ad-libitum. Two vaccines against IBD were obtained from...
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This study was undertaken to explore the antimicrobial resistance of the organism Pseudomonas to the diverse classes of antimicrobials formulated in clinical practice and the prevalence of metallo-Beta-lactamases (mbls) produced by these isolates. Aims and objectives was to analyze the antibiotic resistance .The 97 strains were isolated both clinically and environmentally and were characterized by 16S molecular...
Assessment of Post-Harvest Fungal Diseases of Mango, Grape and Banana Saudi Arabia Market
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A study was conducted to assess the extent of loss in mango, grape and banana fruits caused by fungal diseases during post-harvest. The loss due to fungal diseases was assessed at weekly intervals for four months (June to September 2018). A bout 300 samples of infected fruits were collected during this study, from different fruits market of Riyadh regions in Saudi Arabia. The results showed that, mango, grape and banana...
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The study was conducted in Debre Berhan Milk shed Areas, central highlands of Ethiopia, with the objectives to evaluate the physio-chemical characteristics, microbial load and hygienic practices of raw cow milk produced and marketed in study areas. A total of 359 milk samples were collected and analyzed physio-chemical and microbial examination. The study revealed that the proportions of respondents who practice washed...
Stability and Antioxidant Activity of Natural Red pigment by Pseudomonas stutzeri ZH-1
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Natural pigments are widely used in textiles, leather, food and other materials, due to they are non-toxic and easy to extract. In the present study, stability and antioxidant activity of a natural red pigment was investigated from Pseudomonas stutzeri ZH-1 which was first isolated and identified from the sludge of Fenhe River, Linfen, Shanxi Province. The results of stability tests showed the red pigment had a relative...
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The study aimed to verify the occurrence of aerobic bacteria causing liver macroscopic lesions in sheep and goats, besides describing the susceptibility profile to antimicrobials and the pathogenic potential of the isolated bacterial species. The samples were collected during the slaughter of 1,270 animals in slaughterhouse under Federal Inspection Service (SIF) in the municipality of Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil....
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The purpose of this research was to explore lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from Nigerian fermented foods that can be used to produce riboflavin. In this study, LAB were isolated from “waraâ€, “nonoâ€, and “ogiâ€. Total number of colonies of LAB in triplicates ranged from 3.9 x 106 CFU ml 1 to 4.2 x 106 CFU ml 1. A total of 321 lactic acid bacteria were isolated. Of these LAB isolates, 129 (40%) belong to the genus...
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Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus is evolved strains of S. aureus resistant to all β-Lactam antibiotics and is among important nosocomial pathogens worldwide. The study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibilities of clinical MRSA strains to first-line drugs and drugs of last resort in the treatment of MRSA infections. Clinical samples were collected, screened for MRSA and minimum inhibitory concentrations...
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Edwardsiellosis is one of the important bacterial diseases of fish causing severe economic losses in aquaculture worldwide. In Ethiopia, information on fish pathogenicEdwardsiella species is scanty. This study was conducted to isolate and determine the extent of occurrence of fish pathogenic Edwardsiella species from apparently healthy fish harvested for human consumption from the gulf of Lake Tana, Ethiopia....
A Fluorescence based assay for detection of Listeria monocytogenes using wheat germ agglutinin
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Purpose: This study was designed with the objective to check the ability of Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA) lectin to specifically bind with Listeria monocytogenes based on fluorescence based assay. Methods: The fluorescence activity of WGA, mixture of WGA and L. monocytogenes and WGA with different sugars was evaluated using Tecan multimode plate reader by an optimized protocol. Association constant (Ka) of WGA with...
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Hospital environment needs more attention because of the influx of people into the environment for medical checkup and other services. This study unveils the incidence of bacteria isolated from air and selected surfaces in three referral hospitals (City hospital, Federal Medical Centre, Wadata and Saint Theresa Hospital) in Makurdi Middle Belt Nigeria. Fifty (50) bacteria were isolated; hospital air (26%), bed rails (16%),...
Root growth in tomato seedlings in response to bacterial inoculation Serratia sp.
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Growth-promoting rhizobacteria are soil bacteria that inhabit the surrounding root, and are directly or indirectly involved in promoting plant growth and development. The objective of this study was to verify if the mechanism of growth promotion of the bacterium is similar to that promoted by Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and to compare the possible effects of water stress on the tomato against the effects of inoculation of...
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Bacillus species are found to be abundant in the terrestrial ecosystem. In this study, native Bacillus species associated with different horticultural crops growing in different districts of Tamil Nadu were isolated and identified. In total of 40 isolates collected, 30 isolates were identified as Bacillus species using morphological and biochemical characterization. These 30 Bacillus isolates were investigated for their...
Antibacterial Activity of Marine Yeasts by Resazurin Assay
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Resazurin is an oxidation–reduction indicator used for the evaluation of cell growth, particularly in various cytotoxicity assays. It has been used over five decades to monitor bacterial and yeast contamination of milk, and also for assessing semen quality. This chemical reduction is mainly used in viability assays for mammalian cells. In the present study, antibacterial activity of marine yeasts is assessed by using...
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Staphylococci species are important milk-borne zoonotic pathogens. A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of staphylococci in milk, cow skin, milkers’ hands and equipment, as well as to assess the farm hygiene and pre-milking practices in dairy farms of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 604 milk and cow skin as well as swab samples (n=44) were also collected from personnel and milk...
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Breeding programmes for resistance to angular leaf spot (ALS) in common bean have relied on a range of sources of resistance. However, due to the occurrence of many different races of the pathogen, the sources of resistance may not always be effective in all the regions. This study was conducted to identify new sources of resistance to ALS. A total of Seventy five genotypes of common bean were screened for resistance...
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