September 2011
Biotechnological synthesis of 1,3-propanediol using Clostridium ssp.
1,3-Propanediol (PD) is an important chemical product which can be used for synthesis reactions, in particular, as a monomer for polycondensations to produce polyesters, polyethers and polyurethanes. It is produced by two methods, chemical synthesis and microbial conversion. Recently, the increasing interest in microbial conversion was observed. Glycerol is used as a substrate in this process and it may be...
September 2011
Drought and oxidative stress
Drought, a natural stress factor has the highest percentage with 26%, when the usable areas on the earth are classified in view of stress factors. Biotic and abiotic stress factors may cause yield loss in plants and affect human and animal nutrition. Amount of lacking yield due to biotic and abiotic stress factors ranged between 65 and 87%. The best option for crop production, yield...
September 2011
Molecular characterization and functional analysis of OsPHY2, a phytase gene classified in histidine acid phosphatase type in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Phytic acid (PA) and its derivatives contain the major portion of phosphorus in the cereal seed and chelates divalent cations. During germination, both minerals and phosphate are released upon phytase-catalyzed degradation of PA. In this study, a phytase gene classified into histidine acid phosphatase type in rice referred to OsPHY2 was characterized. OsPHY2 is 2060 bp in...
September 2011
Polymorphisms of two neuroendocrine–correlated genes associated with body weight and reproductive traits in Jinghai yellow chicken
In this study, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) and signal transducers activators of transcription 5b (STAT5b) gene were studied as candidate gene associated with body weight and reproductive traits of the Jinghai Yellow chicken. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the IGFBP-2 and STAT5b genes were examined in both Jinghai Yellow chicken and three reference...
September 2011
Conversion of the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker UBC#116 linked to Fusarium crown and root rot resistance gene (Frl) into a co-dominant sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker for marker-assisted selection of tomato
Fusarium crown and root rot of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is the disease caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici(FORL). The most effective way to control this disease is to plant resistant varieties. Markers tightly linked to Fusarium crown and root rot could be used in breeding programs to introgress crown rot resistance into new...
September 2011
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci from cDNA library of Scylla paramamosain
In this study, we reported 36 novel polymorphic microsatellite markers derived from a cDNA library of Scylla paramamosain. The polymorphisms of these markers were detected in a sample of 24 individuals. A total of 159 alleles were detected with an average of 4.4 alleles per locus. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to eight. The observed and expected heterozygosity per locus ranged from...
September 2011
Blunt-end vectors generated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for direct cloning of blunt-end DNA fragments
Blunt-end cloning is a convenient way to clone polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products generated by proof-reading DNA polymerase. However, it is a time consuming procedure to prepare the linearized blunt-end vector, which usually involves plasmid extraction and restriction enzyme digestion. Moreover, 5’ dephosporylation of the vector is usually required to avoid vector self-ligation. Here, we reported...
September 2011
Callus production and regeneration of the medicinal plant Papaver orientale
Papaver orientale is an important medicinal plant and source of the valuable alkaloids. In this study, callus production and regeneration of P. orientale under in vitro conditions was investigated with different levels of kinetin (Kin), 6-benzylamine purine (BA) and α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on Murashige and Skoog (MS) and Gamborg's B5 (B5) media. For callogenesis, explants...
September 2011
Management of water content of soil in cultivation of greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus L, Nasim variety) in Isfahan- Iran
Measurement and control of water content of soil is an essential factor in irrigation management, to apply the best management practice for reducing water consumption and improving product quality. The water content of soil is an important factor in greenhouse where it is directly related to the total amount of water consumed for irrigation. Since cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L, Nasim variety) is...
September 2011
Morphological classification of genetic diversity in cultivated okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench using principal component analysis (PCA) and single linkage cluster analysis (SLCA)
29 okra accessions sourced from different agro-ecological regions in Nigeria and grown during the rainy season of 2007 at Abeokuta (derived savannah) were evaluated for genetic diversity using principal component analysis (PCA) and single linkage cluster analysis (SLCA). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five replications. The accessions were classified into six and...
September 2011
Karyological study of the medicinal plant Papaver rhoeas from northwest of Iran
Karyotype and morphology of mitotic chromosomes in six populations of the medicinal plant Papaver rhoeas collected from various geographical locations of the northwest of Iran were studied. Chromosome characteristics were measured from 10 complete metaphase cells using micromeasure software. The results showed that P. rhoeas is a diploid species with 2n=2x=14 chromosomes. The karyotype...
September 2011
Production of yam mosaic virus monoclonal antibodies in mice peritoneum
Yam mosaic virus (YMV) is one of the most economically important virus infecting yams. Immunoassays are routinely used for laboratory diagnosis of YMV and for certification of planting materials. However, YMV antibodies, the key reagents, needed for these immunoassays are not readily available. We describe in this paper, the production of YMV monoclonal antibodies for the detection of YMV. The monoclonal...
September 2011
Polypeptide electrophoretic pattern of Matricaria chamomilla and Anthemis nobilis under salt and Fe-deficiency stress
In order to study the effects of salinity and Fe-deficiency on electrophoresis pattern of polypeptides in two chamomile genera (Matricaria chamomilla and Anthemis nobilis), a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized block design with three replications, in 2010. The experimental factors were two chamomile genera M. chamomilla and A. nobilis, four...
September 2011
Evaluation of 14 winter bread wheat genotypes in normal irrigation and stress conditions after anthesis stage
In order to evaluate wheat genotypes in terms of tolerance to drought stress after anthesis stage, some experiments were conducted using 14 winter bread wheat genotypes in a randomized complete block design with three replications in normal irrigation and drought stress conditions at the research stations of Ardabil, Bilesavar and Namin in the 2009 to 2010 cropping years. Evaluation of genotypes for drought...
September 2011
Enhancement production of qinlingmycin by a soil-derived Streptomyces No. 24 using protoplast fusion technology and assessment of antibacterial activity
This study was aimed at improving qinlingmycin production by protoplast fusion technology for Streptomyces No. 24 and mutant strain Ms-24. In the protoplast preparation, the optimal glycine concentration, lysozyme concentration and lytic time were 0.25%, 1 mg/ml and 1 h, respectively. In the process of protoplast fusion, the weight of polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecule had little effect,...
September 2011
Melanin production from marine Streptomyces
Melanin pigments are frequently used in medicine, food and cosmetic preparations. In this study, three strains among 21 Actinomycetes sp isolates produced a diffusible dark pigment on starch casein an agar medium which was water soluble. The pigment production was estimated using L-tyrosine as substrate. Among the strains, 3 (F1, F2, F3) were used for further analysis. Optimized culture...
September 2011
Thermostable α-amylase production by Bacillus firmus CAS 7 using potato peel as a substrate
Thermostable alkaline α-amylase producing bacterium Bacillus firmus CAS 7 strain isolated from marine sediment of Parangipettai coast grew maximally in both shake flasks. Potato peel was found to be a superior substrate for the production of α-amylase at 35°C, pH 7.5 and 1.0% of substrate concentrations. Under optimal conditions, B....
September 2011
Effect of boiling and roasting on the proximate properties of asparagus bean (Vigna Sesquipedalis)
The proximate properties of asparagus bean flour obtained after boiling and roasting at 100 and 160°C, respectively for varied period were evaluated and compared in this study. Results showed that boiling for 40 min significantly (p<0.05) reduced protein and moisture contents by 10 and 6% respectively, but increased carbohydrate (CHO) content by 8%. Furthermore, it insignificantly (p>0.05)...
September 2011
Extraction of phenolic compounds from Temnocalyx obovatus
Phenolic compounds yield in plant extracts depend on the method employed in the extraction process. In this study, we investigated systematically, a method of determination of extraction yield of antioxidant compounds from Temnocalyx obovatus. A sample treatment and preparation protocol that employs strict statistical treatment to ensure sample homogeneity was applied. As preliminary indicator of...
September 2011
Analysis of organogenic competence of cotyledons of Jatropha curcas and their in vitro histological behavior
Using cut pieces cotyledons from germinating zygotic embryos of Jatropha curcas, we monitored the series of anatomical events leading to the generation of shoot through organogenesis by histological analysis. 14 days old cotyledons that were pre-cultured in a half strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 100 mg/L myoinositol and 10 mg/L thiamine HCl, were cultured in organogenic...
September 2011
An assessment of pharmaceutical waste management in some Nigerian pharmaceutical industries
Thirty four (34) of the fifty (50) selected Nigerian based pharmaceutical businesses, mainly acting as local manufacturers and major importers of medicines were interviewed using questionnaires to ascertain their waste management practices, knowledge of waste management policies and subjection to regulatory control. Thisstudy indicated that like its counterpart industry in other countries...
September 2011
Antibacterial efficacy of raw and commercially available honey
In vitro antibacterial activity of raw and commercially available honey was tested against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella spp. and Salmonellaspp.). Both types of honey showed antibacterial activity against test organisms with the zone of inhibition ranging from 8.13 to 30.85 mm, while E. coli, S....
September 2011
Immunohistochemical evaluation of iron accumulation in term placenta of preeclamptic patients
Preeclampsia is a disease which involves hypertension and multisystem, it effects approximately 2 to 8% of all pregnancies and is a significant cause of maternal and newborn mortality and morbidity. It develops in the placenta and its pathogenesis is associated with placental abnormalities. Classical immunohistochemical studies on placenta have shown that there is a linear increase in iron storage in the...
September 2011
Enhancement of broiler performance and immune response by Echinacea purpurea supplemented in diet
The objective of the present study was to compare short and long term application of Echinacea purpurea root powder on growth performance and immunity response of broiler chicks. Three replicate trials involving a total of 600 day-old Ross chicks were used in this study. In each trial, a total of 200 chicks were randomly allocated into 5 groups. Each group consisted of 4 pens with 10 chicks in each pen....
September 2011
In vitro antiglycation activity of Eremurus persicus (Jaub. Et Sp.) Boiss
Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and long-term complications affecting the eyes, nerves, blood vessels, skin and kidneys. Increased glycation of proteins and accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEPs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabeticcomplications. Glycation and AGEP formation are also accompanied by the...
September 2011
Evaluation of gamma irradiation effect and Pseudomonas flourescens against Penicillium expansum
Antagonistic effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens and influence of gamma irradiation on the development of Penicillium expansum, the causal agent of postharvest disease on apple fruit was studied. P. fluorescens was originally isolated from rhizosphere of the apple trees. Suspension of P. fluorescens and P. expansumwere mixed in test tubes in proportions of 1:5, 2:5,...
September 2011
Performance of an innovative multi-stage anaerobic reactor during start-up period
Start-up of an anaerobic reactor is a relatively delicate process and depends on various factors such as wastewater composition, available inoculum, operating conditions and reactor configuration. Accordingly, systematized operational procedures are important, mainly during the start-up of an anaerobic reactor. In this paper, the start-up performance of an innovative multi-stage anaerobic reactorusing...
September 2011
Assessment of probiotic properties of Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001 isolated from gastrointestinal tract of weaning pigs
The probiotic potential of Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001, isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a healthy weaning piglet, was assessed as a probiotic in vitro and in vivo. The survival rate of L. plantarum ZLP001 when cultured in simulated gastric fluid with pH 2.0 and 3.0 and subsequent in intestinal fluid pH 8.0 was determined and the results show that this strain...
September 2011
Polymorphisms in the myostatin gene and their association with growth and carcass traits in duck
The objective of this study was to assess the association of polymorphisms in myostatin (MSTN) genes with growth and carcass traits in lines of Peking ducks. The polymorphism of the ducks MSTN gene promoter region was researched by polymerase chain reaction-single-stranded conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing methods. Three mutations: G-753A, G-658T and G-235C were detected in the duck MSTN...
September 2011
eroprevalence of Mycoplasma bovis infection in dairy cows in subtropical southern China
The seroprevalence of Mycoplasma bovis infection in dairy cows in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GZAR) in subtropical southern China was surveyed between June 2009 and March 2010. A total of 455 serum samples of dairy cows were collected from 6 districts in 4 different cities, and examined for M. bovisantibodies with the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a commercially...
September 2011
Effects of sodium lactate and lactic acid on chemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of marinated chicken
This study was undertaken to evaluate the chemical changes, microbiological effects and sensory attributes of marinated chicken thighs treated by lactic acid (LA) at different concentrations (0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8 and 1%) and sodium lactate (SL) at 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3%, stored at 4°C. The results reveal that these...
September 2011
Bio-extraction of metal ions from laterite ore by Penicillium chrysogenum
The main objective of this study was to find a more feasible and economical method to extract metal ions from laterite ore by Penicillium chrysogenum. The effect of different substrates on microbial recovery of metal ions from laterite ore using indigenous strain of P. chrysogenum was observed. Maximum recovery of aluminum (86.78%), iron (97.78%), manganese (77.61%), nickel (57.31%)...
September 2011
Relationship of phosphorus content in carp otoliths with that in ambient water in Xiaoxi Port of the Taihu Lake, East China
It has been of high concern that the phosphorus pollution is getting serious after lake eutrophication in the Taihu Lake, the third largest freshwater lake in China. As a sensitive recorder of the ambient water and fish exposures, fish otolith has been studied as a potential dynamic monitor of water quality by many biologists and mineralogists. In order to work out the correlation of phosphorus...
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