Larvicidal activity of Dalbergia brasiliensis (Fabaceae - Papilionoideae) on Aedes aegypti
September 2015
Dengue is a viral infectious disease, transmitted by mosquito of the genus Aedes. This work describes the in vivo toxicity analysis of the crude EtOH extract (EEC), hexanic (HF), chlorophormic (CF), ethyl acetate (EAF) fractions, of bark and leaves, and isoflavonoids, from Dalbergia brasiliensis, an arboreal species with wide distribution in Brazilian territory. When considering the issue of controlling the vector Aedes...
Do HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy influence multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment outcomes?
September 2015
The aim of this study was to find out whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infection and antiretroviral drugs influence multidrug-resistant (MDR)-tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes. The study compares MDR-TB treatment outcomes between HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. It involved patients admitted for treatment of MDR-TB between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2006. From 363 patients selected, 268 (177...
In vitro antioxidant, cytotoxic and phytochemical studies of Clinacanthus nutans Lindau leaf extracts
September 2015
An increasing demand for natural additives has drawn more interest from consumers due to their relatively safe and wide acceptance. The present work examines the potential of different solvent system of Clinacanthus nutans Lindau leaves as a source of natural antioxidant. We also screened for its phytochemical constituents and cytotoxicity toward breast cancer cell. In vitro antioxidant activity of the n-hexane,...
Nitrite, oxidation and color during shelf life of jerked beef
September 2015
The present study aims to characterize the shelf life time effect on residual levels of nitrite, lipid oxidation and color of commercial jerked beef. Twelve samples from four different manufacturers, were collected in three shelf time slots (0 to 60, 61 to 120 and 121 to 180 days) and their nitrite concentration, lipid oxidation (TBARS) and color parameters (colorimeter and preference by ranking test) were assessed. The...
In vitro and in vivo acaricidal efficacy study of amitraz and diazinon against some tick species infesting Camelus dromedarius around Jigjiga, Eastern Ethiopia
September 2015
Tick infestation is considered to be a major concern as ticks cause widespread distress, act as vectors of disease and affect the economic conditions of livestock-rearing. Although the use of chemicals is still the most effective method of tick control, uncontrolled applications may have accelerated the emergence of tick resistance to several active ingredients available. The present work estimated the efficacy of two...
Evaluation of the potential modulator of bacterial resistance, acute toxicity and chemical composition of Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl.
September 2015
In Brazil’s semi arid region, Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. (Anacardiaceae) is used in traditional medicine, but little is known about its chemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties. In this study, the phytochemical and biological potential of the extract of S. brasiliensis (EESb) was evaluated. The main secondary metabolites in EESb were quantified by spectroscopy in the visible region. The minimum...
Simultaneous determination and method validation of ranitidine hydrochloride and itopride hydrochloride by UV-spectrophotometery
September 2015
An UV spectrophotometric method using simultaneous equation was developed for the simultaneous determination of ranitidine and itopride in a binary mixture. In the proposed method, the signals were measured at 315.0 and 258.0 nm corresponding to absorbance maxima of ranitidine and itopride hydrochloric acid (HCl) in double distilled water, respectively. Linearity range was observed in the concentration range of 2 to 20...
Pharmacotherapy follow-up in elderly in a public outpatient clinic in Brasilia, Brazil
August 2015
The aging process is followed by an increase in the number of chronic diseases and, thus, the use of multiple medicines and prevalence of drug-related problems (DRP). This paper aims to identify the impacts of Pharmacotherapy follow-up (PF) in elderly with chronic non-communicable diseases while in polypharmacy using, in the public health service of Brazil. A prospective cohort study with 45 elderly of both sexes was...
Comparative study of analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Commiphora opobalsamum with diclofenac in rodents
August 2015
This study aims to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Commiphora opobalsamum in rodents in comparison with diclofenac, and its ability to enhance the activity of diclofenac in reduced doses. Wister rats or Swiss mice (5 groups/ 6 each) were administered methalonic extract of C. opobalsamum, saline and diclofenac 30 min before the test initiation by i.p. route. The analgesic activities were...
Seeking efficacy in L-asparaginase to combat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): A review
August 2015
L-asparaginase, a potential anti-leukemic drug, is used in clinics for the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, and is obtained from bacterial origin (Escherichia coli and Erwinia carotovora). The efficacy of L-asparaginase has remained under discussion for bearing many limitations, such as, early clearance from blood plasma and therefore requires multiple administration and various side effects causing...
Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of piperidine derivatives
August 2015
Six novel piperidine derivatives, compounds 5 to 10, have been synthesized and their antimicrobial and anti-oxidant activities evaluated using agar disc diffusion (antimicrobial) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging capacity (antioxidant). Compound 9 revealed the least antibacterial activity. Compound 6 exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity and the best minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results...
Phyto-pharmacological screenings of two Rubiaceae family plants
August 2015
In the present study, the ethanol extracts of two plant species namely Hymenodictyon excelsum Roxb. Wall and Mussaenda corymbosa Roxb. from the Rubiaceae family were screened for their phytochemical and pharmacological activities. Phytochemical investigations revealed the presence of important chemical moieties such as alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, falvonoids, saponins, reducing sugars etc. Extracts of M. corymbosa...
Metabolomic profiling, antioxidant capacity and in vitro anticancer activity of some compositae plants growing in Saudi Arabia
August 2015
The present study was conducted to evaluate the metabolic profiling, antioxidant capacity and anticancer activities of some common widely grown plants of the family Compositae. The total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, saponins, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays were determined in the selected plant extracts. In vitro anticancer activity was also assessed using human...
Toxicity of four herbs used in erectile dysfunction;Mondia whiteii,Cola acuminata,Urtica massaica, and Tarenna graveolensin male rats
August 2015
In Sub-Saharan Africa, herbal medicines are commonly used for prevention or treatment of illnesses, including erectile dysfunction. Contemporary medicines used to manage erectile dysfunction are not only inaccessible to local populations, but also impose significant out-of-pocket expenditure on patients. Herbal medicines offer alternatives for alleviating erectile dysfunction, which has clinical, psychological and...
Effect of aqueous extract of Annona muricata seed on atherogenicity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
August 2015
Poorly controlled diabetes has been implicated in lipoprotein abnormalities and hypertriglyceridemia in both human and experimental animals, which increase the risk of artherogenicity. The effect of annona muricata seed extract was studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats for 30 days in order to evaluate its anti-atherogenic property by investigating lipid profile malondialdehyde and histology of the aorta. The...
Physical, chemical and microbiological quality of fillets and mechanically separated meat, and sensory evaluation of fillets of Nile Tilapia treated with homeopathic product
August 2015
Current assay evaluates the physical, chemical and microbiological quality of fillets and mechanically separated meat (MSM) plus the sensory aspects of fillets of the Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) treated with Homeopatila 100®. The moisture, fixed mineral residue, lipid, crude protein, pH, color, water activity (Aw), Staphylococcus coagulase, coliforms were reported at 45°C. Escherichia coli, Salmonella...
Household management of acute respiratory infections in children under five years in Kampala Uganda
August 2015
Acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) are the leading cause of deaths among the under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa. The irrational self-medication of childhood ARIs at households in Uganda delays access to quality healthcare. Limited studies focus on strengthening household management of ARI. This study evaluated the household management of ARI among children under five years of age with ARIs in Kampala,...
Effects of aqueous root bark extract of Citropsis articulata (Swingle & Kellerman) on sexual function in male rats
August 2015
About 80% of the world’s population uses herbal medicine for the treatment of various health conditions. Erectile dysfunction is one of the conditions commonly treated using traditional herbs on large scale. In this study, our goal was to determine the safety and effects of the aqueous root bark extract of Citropsis articulata on sexual function in male Wistar rats. This study aimed to carry out...
Properties of constituents from Maytenus gonoclada against Entamoeba histolytica and two leukemia cell strains
August 2015
Species of genus Maytenus represents promising sources of bioactive compounds, mainly pentacyclic triterpenes of medicinal interest. The properties of crude extracts and three known triterpenes obtained from branches and roots of Maytenus gonoclada, against Entamoeba histolytica and human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 (myeloid leukemia), and Jurkat (lymphocytic leukemia) cells were in vitro evaluated. For crude extracts,...
Evaluation of curcumin toxicity in rats through biochemical and hematological parameters
August 2015
Curcumin is a natural compound known for hepatic and nephroprotective actions, however, there is little research related to its possible side effects. The research aimed to study hematological, biochemical parameters and histopathology of hepatic and renal tissues to evaluate the effects of curcumin toxicity in male rats. A group of Wistar male rats (n = 10) was orally treated for five days with 100 mg/kg of curcumin...
Ameliorating effect of combination of simvastatin and residronate on glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis model in rats
July 2015
Osteoporosis is one of the major problems facing older people of both sexes. This study was undertaken to investigate the synergistic effects of combination of statins and bisphosphonates in a glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) model. Thirty rats were divided into five groups; control group (I), GIO group (II) (given oral prednisolone, pred 30 mg/kg, per 2 days for 6 weeks), group III (treated by pred +...
Pharmacokinetics of isoniazid in 30 tuberculosis patients in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
July 2015
Isoniazid is a major component in tuberculosis (TB) treatment, which is often used in combination or alone as prophylaxis for its high efficiency on bacilli of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is responsible for an increased risk of developing serious liver side effects involving the prognosis of the patient. Its coinfection with HIV is currently a real public health problem. The purpose of this study was to establish the...
Incorporation of tannic acid in formulations for topical use in wound healing: A technological prospecting
July 2015
The tannic acid is a polyphenol with several properties that give it different applications, including leather and pharmaceutical industry. It belongs to the group of water soluble metabolites, and has the ability to complex macromolecules and metal ions, which gives it antioxidant, antimicrobial and healing activity. Therefore, such properties can be used to develop technologies related to wound healing systems. This...
Effects of rice straw burning products on guinea pig lungs
July 2015
This study aims to investigate rice open field burning and their deleterious effects which has become an obvious problem in Egypt, which apparently affects the Egyptians´ lungs and increased hospital admission for pulmonary complaints. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate this phenomenon by using guinea pigs which were subjected to rice straws burning products (RSBP). The effects of RSBP on...
Brazil nut allergy: A review
July 2015
Tree nuts and their products are highly nutritive and beneficial to health. On the other hand, some of them can lead to development of allergic reactions, protein intolerance or liver diseases in some groups of consumers. Therefore, it is important to study the risks of tree nuts ingestion as a major issue for food regulators and the pharmaceutical industry safety. A review of surveillance and correlation to possible...
Securinega virosa (Euphorbiaceae) root bark extract inhibits glioblastoma multiforme cell survival in vitro
July 2015
Securinega virosa Roxb (Ex Willd) is a commonly used medicinal plant in the management of inflammatory conditions and tumor in African traditional medicine. In this study, the effects of the crude methanol root bark extract and its fractions were evaluated on the survival of Glioblastoma mutiforme (GBM) tumor cells (U-1242) in vitro. The effects of the crude extract and its fractions on epidermal growth factor receptor...
Influence of a homeopathic product on performance and on quality flour and cookie (Grissini) of Nile tilapia
July 2015
Animals can also benefit from homeopathic remedies by having their immunological system and organic responses to stress reduction stimulated, as well as their balance reestablished. In this context, the objective of this study was to assess the performance of Nile tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) treated with food containing a homeopathic product (Homeopatila 100®), as well as the physical, chemical, technological...
Analgesic activity of medicinally important leaf of Diplazium esculentum
July 2015
The use of medicinal plants in modern medicine suffers from the fact that though hundred of plants are used in the world to prevent or to cure disease, scientific evidence in term of modern medicine is lacking in most cases. However, today it is necessary to provide scientific proof as to whether or not it is justified to use a plant or its active constituents. Pain and inflammation are considered one of the oldest...
A review of ethnopharmacology of the commonly used antimalarial herbal agents for traditional medicine practice in Ethiopia
July 2015
Malaria is one of the parasitic infections that cause enormous public health, economic, and emotional burden in many tropical and subtropical countries of the world. Resistance of the vector mosquitoes to the current insecticides as well as the emergence of multidrug resistance by malaria parasite to widely used antimalarial drugs has made malaria control and treatment much more difficult. New alternative antimalarial...
Synthetic alkyl substituted quinones oxidize membrane proteins and arrest Plasmodium falciparum growth in vitro
June 2015
Quinones are a family of bioactive compounds with known antibacterial, antiviral and antiparasitic activity. The capacity of quinoid compounds to accept electrons, due to electron-attracting (or donating) substituents at the quinone moiety, modulates their redox activity upon interaction with biological systems. Nine quinone derivate including three 2 - hydroxyl - 1, 4 - naphthoquinone; three 4,5 - and three 4,9 -...
Interaction between pro-inflammatory cytokines and brain oxidative stress biomarkers of khat, cathinone and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride intoxication in male mice
June 2015
Cathinone is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant found in khat leaves. Cathinone and synthetic cathinone have become popular recreational drugs in recent years, commonly marked as "legal highs". Pseudoephedrine more commonly known as cathine closely related to phenyl alkylamines that have been isolated from the Catha edulis "khat". The present study aimed to examine the potency...
Use of concomitant medication in the treatment of schizophrenia
June 2015
Schizophrenia is a life-long disorder that requires continuous pharmacotherapy. About 10 to 30% of patients with schizophrenia show poor response to antipsychotic medication alone, therefore concomitant medication is often used. The rationale for the addition of concomitant medication is often unclear and based on limited evidence. The most frequently prescribed concomitant medications in the treatment of schizophrenia...
Evaluation of analgesic activity by acetic acid and formalin methods in six homeopathic drugs
June 2015
In this study acetic acid and formalin methods were used to assess analgesic activity in one insect and five plant crude extracts. Aspirin was used as a standard drug in both methods. In acetic acid method, significant inhibitory results were obtained on comparison with control as follows: A. mellifica (300 mg) revealed 21.42% inhibition in 3rd phase. A. mellifica (500 mg) showed significant activity in all the three...
Photoprotective, antibacterial activity and determination of phenolic compounds of Neoglaziovia variegata (Bromeliaceae) by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) analysis
June 2015
The photoprotective activity of flowers and antibacterial activity of the leaves of Neoglaziovia variegata were investigated. This study also identified the first phenolic compounds of the extracts and fractions of this species by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The photoprotective activity was measured using the spectrophotometric method. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by microdilution method....
Neurotherapeutic effect of allopurinol against brain injury in hyperlipidemic rats
June 2015
Hyperlipidemia is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids and positively associated with cerebrovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of possible effects of allopurinol against brain injury in hyperlipidemic rats. Hyperlipidemia was induced by maintaining the rats on high fat diet for 6 weeks. The diet was prepared by adding 1% cholesterol powder, 0.2% cholic acid, and 10% fat...
Pharmacognostic evaluation and antisickling activity of the leaves of Peperomia pellucida (L.) HBK (Piperaceae)
June 2015
Traditional healers have been using condiments from natural sources as antisickling remedies in Southern Nigeria. This study was aimed at establishing the pharmacognostic profile and investigating the antisickling activity of the leaves of Peperomia pellucida (L.) HBK (Piperaceae). Evaluation of the fresh, powdered and anatomical sections of the leaves were carried out to determine the macromorphological,...
Improved gastric lesion of ulcerogenic mice treated with bark extracts and fractions of Newbouldia laevis
June 2015
Newbouldia laevis is used in Nigerian traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases including gastric ulcer. The present study was undertaken to validate the anti-ulcer potential of N. laevis stem bark. The plant was extracted using ethanol and fractionated using N-hexane, ethyl acetate and water. Phytochemical evaluation of the extract and fractions of the plant was done using standard procedures. The...
Isolation and antimicrobial efficacy tests of Bergenia ciliate using in vitro models
May 2015
Antimicrobial activities of five compounds isolated from ethyl acetate fractions of Bergenia ciliate were investigated. All compounds exhibited antimicrobial efficacy on the tested microorganisms, that included two human Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus) and four Gram-negative ones (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, and Klebsiella Pneumonia). Compound 1...
Evaluation of the prescription pattern of antihypertensive agents in a tertiary health institution in Nigeria
May 2015
Hypertension is a cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. Effective blood pressure control can be achieved in patients with lifestyle modifications and by the use of antihypertensive agents. The objective of this study was to determine the prescribing pattern of antihypertensive medications in a tertiary health institution in South-Eastern Nigeria and also to determine the prescribers’...
Information management for essential medicines supplies in public primary care facilities in Nairobi County, Kenya
May 2015
Available pharmaceutical information is often characterized by inadequacy, and inaccuracy, which compromise its quality and usefulness. This study was carried out to examine staff characteristics, organizational and technical aspects that affect the quality of pharmaceutical information. A cross-sectional, descriptive study targeting pharmacy staff in public primary care facilities was carried out in Nairobi County....
Extraction of tetracycline antimicrobials from river water and sediment: a comparative study of three solid phase extraction methods
May 2015
Tetracyclines are ubiquitous pollutants in the aquatic environment so it is necessary to determine their levels in river water and sediment. Many extraction techniques have been suggested in previous studies. However there is lack of comparisons among them. This work compared three extraction methods Ultrasonic Assisted Tandem Solid Phase Extraction (UA-TSPE), Ultrasonic Assisted Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction...
Influence of Chloroform Extract of Sida acuta Burm.f. leaves on the sexual behavior of normal rats
May 2015
According to the traditional ayurvadic book Sida acuta Burm.f. (Malvaceae) claimed to have good aphrodisiac potential, but the actual action is not yet proved by scientific methods. Therefore the present study was conducted to investigate the aphrodisiac potential of Sida acuta Burm.f. Acute toxicity test was carried out to determine the nature and extent of untoward reaction which might follow the administration of a...
Distinct radical scavenging and antiproliferative properties of Spondias mombin and antioxidant activity-guided isolation of quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and undec-1-ene
May 2015
This study evaluated the antioxidative and antiproliferative activities of phytochemical components from the leaves of Spondias mombin. Leaves of S. mombin were macerated in 80% methanol for 72 h and the extract obtained was fractioned sequentially into water, n-butanol, ethyl acetate and dichloromethane. Ability of extract and fractions to scavenge 2,2–diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl, nitric oxide and superoxide...
In vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity of extracts of selected Kenyan medicinal plants
April 2015
Malaria is one of the most important parasitic diseases in the world. It remains a major public health problem in Africa and is responsible for the annual death of over one million children below the age of five years. The Plasmodium falciparum is the most widespread etiological agent for human malaria and has become increasingly resistant to standard antimalarial drugs. Therefore, this necessitates a continuous effort...
Genotoxicity and anti-genotoxicity of aqueous extracts of herbal recipes containing Luffa cylindrica (L), Nymphaea lotus (L) and Spondias mombin (L) using the Allium cepa (L) assay
April 2015
Management of diseases with medicinal plant is an ancient practice that has improved in recent years. Extracts of Luffa cylindrica (Linn), Nymphaea lotus (Linn) and Spondias mombin (Linn) are used for traditional management of cancer in Nigeria. Four recipes prepared from the combinations of two or three of these plants; L. cylindrica, N. lotus and S. mombin (LNS), N. lotus and S. mombin (NS), N. lotus and L. cylindrica...
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of an oral combination of losartan, hydrochlorothiazide and simvastatin against separated components, in hypertensive and dyslipidemic patients
April 2015
Hypertension is an important health problem that frequently requires multidrug treatment, whether due to monotherapy failure or in a concomitant manner. This situation has impulsed the development of some fixed dose combination products with the idea of improve the efficacy, the safety or the adherence of the treatment. In this study, the efficacy and safety of a fixed dose combination product composed by losartan,...
Minor drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 variants in the cellular DNA of Tanzanian women following triple antiretroviral regimen to prevent vertical transmission
April 2015
Antenatal zidovudine (AZT), intrapartal nevirapine (NVP) and postpartal lamivudine (3TC)/AZT to prevent mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 as recommended in 2006 World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines has shown to select HIV-resistant plasma virus in Tanzanian women. During viral replication, HIV integrates into the cellular host genome where resistant strains may remain archived....
Optimization of a novel tablets formulation using D-optimal mixture design
April 2015
This study involved the obtaining of a new tablet formulation of Tamarindus indica L., using a D-optimal mixture design. Tablets were obtained by wet granulation. Compressibility, angle of repose, flowability, particle size and humidity were the responses for the granules evaluation, while hardness, disintegration time and friability were responses for the tablets. The desirability function was applied for tablets...
Anti-nutrients composition and mineral analysis of allium cepa (onion) bulbs
April 2015
Allium cepa (onion) bulbs are used as spice in the preparation of virtually all meals in Nigeria, and some researchers had reported its medicinal values. This study was designed to estimate the anti-nutrients and mineral composition of this spice. Standard procedures were used for the analysis of antinutrients. Estimation of the various minerals was done using flame photometer and atomic absorption spectrophotometers....
Evaluation of ethanolic extract of Portulaca tuberosa Roxb leaves for antipyretic activity
April 2015
Portulaca tuberosa (P. tuberosa) Roxb belonging to the family Portulacaceae, is traditionally used internally in dysuria as well as applied externally to erysipelas by the natives. The aerial parts of the plant contain diterpenoids, pilosanone A and pilosanone B. Previous studies showed that P. tuberosa has good diuretic and analgesic effects when used by the people traditionally, however, in vivo antipyretic activity...
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