Determination of the abortifacient activity of the aqueous extract of Phytolacca dodecandra (L’Her) leaf in Wistar rats
January 2015
Throughout history women have tried to control their fertility using herbal remedies; traditionally Phytolacca dodecandra leaves have been used as an abortifacient. The objective of this study was to determine the abortifacient activity of the aqueous extract of P. dodecandra leaf in Wistar rats. Hundred grams of shaded dried powdered leaves were soaked in 0.5 L of cold water, and using cold maceration, an aqueous...
A review on novel therapies to combat hepatitis C
January 2015
The major cause of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, liver carcinoma and liver failure is Hepatitis C virus (HCV). NS3 is one of the attractive targets for therapy development for HCV as the N-terminal domain of the NS3 protein is a serine protein. NS3 protease acts by interfering with cellular mechanisms which are involved in the host immune response to an HCV infection and the inhibition of the protease is...
Vanillin reduces intestinal smooth muscle contractility
January 2015
Vanillin consumption is common within the global population, often as a flavoring agent. Many vanillin-containing drinks claim a soothing effect on the body as a whole with some reports on their benefit in reducing gastrointestinal (GI) upset. In this study, vanillin was investigated for its ability to reduce rat ileal smooth muscle contractility induced by acetylcholine (Ach) and potassium chloride (KCl). A section of...
Impact of pharmacy residents in pharmaceutical hospital care
January 2015
The study aimed to identify and analyze drug-related problems (DRP), negative outcomes associated with medication (NOM) and the impact of pharmaceutical performance through interventions by pharmacy residents at the University Hospital of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. This retrospective, cross-sectional single-center study analyzed data registered in Pharmaceutical Intervention forms recorded by pharmacy...
Phytochemical profile, antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of Euphorbia cotinifolia
January 2015
The aim of this study was to determine the content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, the antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of hydroethanolic extracts of root, stem, leaf and fruit of Euphorbia cotinifolia. Phytochemical screening was performed using spectrophotometric methods (phenolic and flavonoid content) and liquid cromatography. The antibacterial activity was determined by agar diffusion...
Extraction of resveratrol and emondin from Polygonum cuspidatum by supercritical CO2 with different solubilizers
January 2015
In order to improve the extraction yields of resveratrol and emondin obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction (SCE), different solubilizers were added in the supercritical CO2 extraction process. Resveratrol and emondin were extracted from Polygonum cuspidatum by SCE with different solubilizers, including bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT), povidone k-90 (PVP k-90), Poloxamer 188 and Tween 80, at extraction...
Semantic validation of subtitles and analysis of understanding of pictograms taken from the United States Pharmacopeia Dispensing Information (USP-DI)
January 2015
The aim of this study was to validate pictogram subtitles and analyze the understanding of pictograms taken from the United States Pharmacopeia Dispensing Information (USP-DI). The subtitles of 25 pictograms from the USP-DI were translated and retro-translated, and the generated subtitles were compared by two committees of judges to evaluate semantic and cultural equivalence. Semantic validity was analyzed by submitting...
Analgesic activity of Ruta graveolens L. (Rue) extracts
January 2015
The knowledge of pharmacological activity is mainly derived from the use that the population makes of plants. Rue (Ruta graveolens L.) is popularly used with a degree of mysticism due to its anti-inflammatory, healing, sedative and antispasmodic characteristics. In an attempt to confirm the well-known analgesic effects, the present study evaluated Rue extracts in animal models. Two organic extracts were produced and...
Neuropharmacological evaluation of selected Jordanian traditional herbal medicines
December 2014
Numerous medicinal plants have been described in traditional medicine for treatment of dementias, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, some of these plants were evaluated in three different types of pharmacological bioassays related to AD pathology to explore the possible mechanisms underpinning their traditional use. Six selected plants were extracted with ethanol and screened in vitro for...
Sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry determination of isoniazid: Elimination of matrix effects
December 2014
Small size and high polar basic compounds have always been challenging with heavy matrix effect due to their difficult complete separation from polar endogenous compounds contained in most biological matrix. In this study, a relevant design including column choice, mobile phase constituents, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) parameters optimization have been developed to remove...
Synthesis, evaluation and molecular docking studies for the anti-inflammatory activity of novel 8-substituted-7-benzoyloxy-4-methyl-6-nitrocoumarin derivatives
December 2014
Starting from the 8-acetyl-4-methyl-6-nitro-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl benzoate I, 8-(3-arylacryloyl)-4-methyl-6-nitro-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl benzoates (chalcones) II were synthesized and further used for the synthesis of two new series of 8-(2-imino/oxo/thioxo pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methyl-6-nitro-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl benzoates III-V and 8-(pyrazol-3-yl)-4-methyl-6-nitro-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl benzoates VI and VII. All of the...
Factors affecting physicians' prescription and pattern of prescription in the management of secondary infertility
December 2014
The management of infertility is a medical and social need and the drugs are usually not in common use and are quite expensive. Several factors may affect choice of drugs and prescription pattern. This work assessed the factors that influence physicians’ prescribing decisions for this specialized condition and the prescription pattern in its management. Commonly prescribed drugs and prescribing indicators were...
Aphrodisiac properties of Tynanthus micranthus Corr. & Mello ex. Schum in male mice
December 2014
In traditional medicine, a variety of plants have been used as sexual stimulants. Within the genus Tynanthus (Bignoniaceae) some species are known by their aphrodisiac effects, including Tynanthus micranthus Corr. & Mello ex. Schum. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sexual behavior of male mice treated with a crude extract of the aerial parts (leaves and stems) of T. micranthus, for this, the extracts...
Assessment of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) adherence among HIV patients in a tertiary health institution in Nigeria
December 2014
The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the management of HIV lead to a substancial decline in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) mortality. However, the optimization of patients response to this therapy is highly dependent on medication adherence. The objective of this study is to identify the determinants of adherence to HAART and HIV/AIDS patients’ adherence in a selected HIV clinic....
Potency and immunogenicity of bacillus calmette guerin (BCG) vaccines used in routine immunization programme in South-East, Nigeria
December 2014
The efficacy of every vaccine depends in part on appropriate vaccine handling from the manufacturer to its utilization. There is need for continuous monitoring of vaccine to ensure that cold-chain system is maintained throughout the product life-span. This study aims to validate the BCG vaccines used in immunization in South-East, Nigeria. The potency of the vaccines was determined by viable count on...
Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of the Austroplenckia populnea extract in topical formulations
December 2014
Austroplenckia populnea (Reiss.) Lundell is a Brazilian Cerrado plant that has been widely used in folk medicine and has many therapeutic properties. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties of a raw hydroalcoholic wood extract of A. populnea in semi-solid formulations administered topically in rats. The extract of A. populnea was administrated topically in male and...
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, antimicrobial, phytotoxic, insecticidal and leishmanicidal activities of fixed oil from Viburnum grandiflorum
December 2014
The present paper deals with the proximate chemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial, phytotoxic and insecticidal activities of fixed oil isolated from aerial parts of Viburnum grandiflorum. The fixed oil was subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis which displayed the presence of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid. Palmitic acid, methyl ester was found in highest concentration (24.22%)...
Patients’ perception and expectations of services provided by pharmacists in Ghanaian hospitals
December 2014
A customer’s perceived value of service has been identified as one of the most important drivers of satisfaction. Using a cross-sectional survey among out-patients with a chronic disease in Ghana, this study assessed their perception on the role of the hospital pharmacist, their expectation of services provided by the hospital pharmacist and the factors encouraging them to speak to the hospital pharmacist. This...
Development of a simple and rapid method for the determination of cimetidine in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS): Application to a bioequivalence study
December 2014
Bioanalytical methods for bioequivalence studies require high sensibility and rapidity due to the large number of samples and the low plasma concentration of drugs. The present study aimed to develop and validate a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to sequential mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method to quantify cimetidine (CMT) in human plasma and to apply it in a bioequivalence study. CMT and the internal...
Development, evaluation and quality control of new antidiabetic ayurvedic polyherbal combination
December 2014
The current study is designed to developed the new polyherbal combinations of emerging medicinal plants Morus alba (Moraceae), Annona squamosa (Annonaceae), Nelumbo nucifera (Nelumbonoceae) and Psidium guajava (Myrtacea) having effective antidiabetic activity with traditionally used medicinal plants. The formulation were also subjected for the determination of quality control parameters like the heavy metal content,...
Assessment of free radical scavenging activities of leaves and stem fractions of green leafy vegetables
December 2014
Green leafy vegetables (GLVs) symbolize a class of low cost, neglected plants that are known to be wealthy spring of natural antioxidants. In the present study, the phytochemical and radical scavenging activities of both stem and leaf fractions of 20 commonly consumed GLVs of tropical India were evaluated using different systems of assays like total antioxidant assay, ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP),...
Drug use pattern in Dessie Referral Hospital, North East Ethiopia
December 2014
Rational drug use requires that patients receive medication appropriate to their clinical needs, in doses that meet their individual requirements, for adequate period of time and at lowest cost to them and their community. The study was designed to assess rational drug use using World Health Organization (WHO) core drug use indicators in Dessie Referral Hospital, North East Ethiopia. Cross sectional study design was...
Some physical properties of novel Cannabis suppositories formulated with theobroma oil
November 2014
As part of development efforts for a suitable dosage form, crude Cannabis resin was formulated into suppository dosage form using theobroma oil and the physical properties of the suppositories were evaluated. The following physical properties were evaluated: appearance (texture, presence or absence of entrapped air, contraction holes), liquefaction time, uniformity of weight and in-vitro release profile of the crude...
Effect of Punica granatum on behavior in rats
November 2014
The importance of diet in depression is now increasingly recognized, since balanced diet not only reduces the risk of various chronic diseases but also promotes normal development and functioning of all systems including brain. Hence the present study was designed to observe the effect of three doses of Punica granatum 2, 5 and 8 ml/kg on the behavioral changes in rats, particularly anxiolytic and antidepressant...
Formulation of propranolol hydrochloride controlled release tablets: Effect of surfactant charge and mechanisms of drug release
November 2014
Controlled release drug formulation is a very important branch in pharmaceutical industry and attracts a lot of research and investments. Eudragit RL100 and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) are used in drug formulation due to their good coating properties. Here, we studied propranolol hydrochloride formulation with anionic polymer Eudragit RL100 alone and with other additives (lactose, sorbitol, dextrose). The...
Pharmacotoxic evaluation of extracts of medicinal plants used in the treatment of obesity
November 2014
Medicinal plants are rich sources of bioactive compounds with potential for therapeutic, cosmetic and food use, and many of them are consumed only based on popular use, without any scientific proof of their efficacy and safety. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxic and pharmacological effects of aqueous extracts of the plant species Aloe vera (L.) Burm., Simaba ferruginea St. Hil., Baccharis trimera...
Extracts of Gongronema latifolium and Vernonia amygdalina improve glycaemia and histomorphology of testes of diabetic Wistar rats
November 2014
This study aimed to assess the histomorphological and glycaemic effects of the ethanolic leaf extracts of Vernonia amygdalina (VA) and Gongronema latifolium (GL) on the testis of alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into two groups A and C; the former served as negative control group received normal saline, while the later was the diabetic group. This group was further divided into...
Development and validation for the determination of residual solvents of pharmaceutical formulations of flucloxacillin sodium using head space gas chromatography
November 2014
An accurate and novel method was developed for the determination of residual solvents of flucloxacillin sodium by using head space gas chromatography (HSGC). The determination was done on Clarus 400 (PerkinElmer) with Total Chrome Navigator software. The residual solvents were separated on Elite - 5 fused silica capillary column 30 m long and 0.32 mm in internal diameter. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration...
In vitro adsorption kinetic model of phenobarbital onto powdered seeds of Garcinia kola
November 2014
The in vitro adsorption kinetics of phenobarbital on Garcinia kola seed powder was investigated. Batch adsorption experiment to determine effects of adsorbent dose (0.1 to 2.0 g), adsorbate concentration (50 to 200 ppm), contact time (20 to 300 min) and temperature (298 to 318 K) was conducted. Adsorption data were subjected to different experimental and theoretical adsorption kinetic models (first order, second order,...
Use of soy isoflavones on hormone replacement therapy during climacteric
November 2014
Menopause is the physiological stage of women's lives, which occurs in the transition from reproductive to non-reproductive phase. During this period, physiological and clinical changes may occur due to the decline of estrogen production by the ovaries. In expectation of a better quality of life during this period, women seeking hormone replacement therapies that can minimize the unpleasant symptoms of menopause....
Effect of ginger rhizome extract on lymphocytopenic guinea pig with azathioprine
November 2014
The objectives of this study were to investigate quantitative alterations in leukocytes and immunosuppressive effects of ginger rhizome associated with oral administration of Azathioprine (AZA) on guinea pig model. This study was carried out at the Al Jouf University during the period from March to April 2013. A total of twelve guinea pigs randomly divided into three groups (four guinea pigs each) were used in this...
Formulation and in vitro assessment of sustained release matrix tablets of atenolol containing Kollidon SR and carnauba wax
November 2014
The goal of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using Kollidon SR and carnauba wax in sustained release matrix tablets of atenolol obtained by direct compression. The compatibility between atenolol and excipients (microcrystalline cellulose, colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, Kollidon SR, and carnauba wax) was demonstrated by differential scanning calorimetry. 100 mg atenolol tablets were prepared...
Saponins as immunoadjuvant agent: A review
November 2014
Saponins are triterpene or steroid glycosides widely distributed in the plant and animal kingdom and include a large of number of biologically active coumpounds. Most of them have surface-active and cholesterol-binding properties. They have been shown to exhibit many biological and pharmacological activities as antiphlogistic, antiallergic, cytotoxic, antitumor and antitumor-promoting, antiviral, antihepatotoxic,...
Evaluation of wound healing potential of different leaf extracts of Pupalia lappacea
November 2014
The wound healing process is a complex and dynamic process of restoring cellular structures and tissue layers upon damage. Pupallia lappacea (L.) Juss is an annual or perennial herb of the family Amaranthaceae widespread in the tropics and sub-tropical regions and used in folklore medicine for treatment of boils, chronic wounds and skin infections. The study aims to determine the antioxidant and in vivo wound healing...
Investigation of zoledronic acid induced stress on rabbit kidneys with oxidative stress markers
October 2014
In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of zoledronic acid, which is a potent bisphosphonate on oxidative stress markers in rabbit kidney tissue. As an oxidative stress marker, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, glutathione were studied. Rabbits were given daily 100 μg/kg zoledronic acid for 28 days (n = 7) in the study group. Control group (n = 7) rabbits were fed ad libitum for...
An alternative capillary electrophoresis method for the quantification of caspofungin in lyophilisate powder and its measurement uncertainty
October 2014
Recently, the use of capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods in pharmaceutical practice has gradually increased. Moreover, measurement uncertainty has been used to guarantee the traceability and the reliability of analytical results obtained. The aim of this work was to develop and validate a CE method for the quantification of caspofungin in lyophilised powder for injection, as well as to study the main sources of...
Development and validation of simple and rapid high performance liquid chromatographic method for routine analysis of human insulin in formulations
October 2014
A simple, specific, precise and accurate reversed phase liquid chromatographic (RP-LC) method has been developed for determination of insulin in dosage form. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Symmetry® RP-C18, (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column at a detector wavelength of 214 nm and a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Mobile phase comprised of 55 volume of 1 mmol sodium sulphate in high performance liquid...
Determination of some mineral and heavy metals in Saudi Arabia popular herbal drugs using modern techniques
October 2014
The contents of 22 essential mineral elements and trace, heavy and toxic metals in 14 herbal drugs collected from the local markets of the western province of Saudi Arabia have been determined. All investigated elements were detected using inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) after pretreatment of the tested samples with microwave digestion system. The levels of the most...
Evaluation of the anti-ulcer property of aqueous extract of unripe Musa paradisiaca Linn. peel in Wistar rats
October 2014
This study investigated the antiulcer activity of aqueous extract of unripe Musa paradisiacal (plantain) peels in rats using ethanol, aspirin, indomethacin and pyloric ligation-induced ulcer models. Fresh peels of M. paradisiaca were extracted in hot water and the yield lyophilised. Distilled water, standard drugs and extract were injected intraperitoneally before inducing ulcer. Lethality test and...
Effect of co-administration of artemether and nevirapine on haematological parameters in normal and immunosuppressed Wistar rats
October 2014
Artemether and nevirapine are effective drugs used in the treatment of malaria and as part of antiretroviral therapy, respectively in many parts of the world. However, concomitant use of these drugs may pose an adverse drug interaction that may alter their pharmacological effects. In this study, possible effect(s) of artemether-nevirapine co-administration on haematological indices in both normal and immune-compromised...
Preliminary investigations of the binding ability of lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) starch in paracetamol tablets
October 2014
The binding properties of starch obtained from Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) were evaluated. The starch from the seeds was extracted and the binding ability of its mucilage compared with that of maize starch mucilage in paracetamol based tablets at concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% w/v. The following properties of the starch powders were evaluated; organoleptic properties, microscopy and reaction with iodine...
Influence of polyethylene glycol-8-lauryl ester in the structural lipid of the elastic liposomes
October 2014
This study compared the physicochemical characteristics of conventional and elastic liposomes in terms of surfactant incorporation, flow rate, elasticity, mean diameter, phospholipid content and permeation capability. Surfactants were incorporated into conventional liposomes in order to enhance the transdermal transport of drugs through the stratum corneum. The unilamellar liposomes produced composed of egg...
Effects of Salicornia herbacea L. supplementation on lipid peroxidation and antioxidative protein expression in rat skeletal muscle
October 2014
Effects of Salicornia herbacea L. supplementation on lipid peroxidation and antioxidative protein expression in the skeletal muscle of rats was investigated in this study. Sixteen 6-week-old Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly divided into a control diet group (CG, n = 8) and an experimental diet group (EG, n = 8). The rats were given a high-fat diet (CG) or the 5% S. herbacea L. supplemented high-fat diet (EG) for 8...
Simultaneous determination of valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide in a tablet dosage form by liquid chromatography
October 2014
A selective, rapid and accurate liquid chromatographic method is described for the simultaneous determination of valsartan (VAT) and hydrochlorothiazide (HTZ) in a solid dosage form. The chromatographic separation of two drugs were achieved on Lichrosphere CN column 250 mm × 4.0 mm,5 µm, Merck-India. The mobile phase consisting mixture of methanol, isopropyl alcohol and n-hexane in the ratio of 50:25:25 v/v...
Projections of pharmacokinetic parameter estimates from mid-dose plasma concentrations in individuals on efavirenz: A novel approach
October 2014
This work seeks to project individual pharmacokinetic (PK) parameter estimates of efavirenz (a drug with a long half life) from mid-dose concentrations and covariates, assuming full mass transfer of the drug. Gender, weight and CYP2B6, 516G>T genetic data of 61 patients on efavirenz containing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was collated and analysed. Models were derived to guide dose...
The effect on potency of adding (-)-epicatechin to crude extracts of Elephantorrhiza elephantina and Pentanisia prunelloides
October 2014
Elephantorrhiza elephantina (Ee) and Pentanisia prunelloides (Pp) are two medicinal plants which are widely used by traditional healers to remedy various ailments including diarrhoea, dysentery, inflammation, fever, rheumatism, heartburn, tuberculosis, haemorrhoids, skin diseases, perforated peptic ulcers and sore joints in Southern Africa (South Africa, Swaziland, Botswana and Zimbabwe). Often, decoctions...
Verification of pharmaceutical power of generic meropenem vs innovator trough assessment by microbial potency test
October 2014
This study presents the development of a microbiological test method with different microorganisms and different concentrations of antibiotics through "microbial potency," which established the dose-response concentrations and test conditions. The assay method was based on the plate cylinder with the result that there is equivalence between the pharmaceuticals antibiotic such as generic meropenem...
Quality assessment of different brands of Diclofenac tablets in some pharmacy stores in Abuja
October 2014
Diclofenac is one of the most commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of pain, rheumatism and other inflammatory conditions. The drug has analgesic, anti-pyritic and anti-inflammatory effects. Rapid and sensitive-reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used to analyze the amount of Diclofenac in the samples. The calibration curve was linear with...
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cancer
October 2014
Angiogenesis plays crucial part in the formation and progression of tumor, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most important cytokine which aids in the growth of tumor cells. In various tumors whether locally invasive or metastasize to distal parts, elevated levels of VEGF is observed in blood through angiogenesis, this leads to progression of cancer. Key words: Vascular...
The role of beta 2 – agonists in improving exercise response in hypertensive patients
September 2014
The hypothesis that celiprolol, a ï¢-1 adrenoceptor antagonist with the ancillary property of ï¢-2 mediated vasodilation, would increase blood flow to active muscles during exercise and result in less impairment of exercise performance, compared with the ï¢-1 antagonist atenolol was tested. After an initial 3 weeks washout phase, 11 untrained hypertensive men participated in a 6 week crossover study of the...
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