Preclinical evaluation of repeated dose toxicity and anxiolytic activity of monoterpene R - (+) – limonene via inhalation
August 2016
R - (+) - limonene is a monoterpene found in several plant species. Studies have shown that plants that have this compound has anxiolytic activity. This study aimed to investigate the anxiolytic and toxicological activity in rats after inhalation of R - (+) - limonene for 30 min. For the anxiety tests using Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), concentrations of 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0% were determined. From the results, it was observed...
Eye drops prescription pattern in patients with glaucoma
August 2016
Glaucoma is a major public health problem, being the leading cause of irreversible visual impairment worldwide. In most cases, glaucoma is associated with intraocular pressure (IOP) levels that are above those considered normal (IOP ≥ 21 mmHg). The aim of the present work is to describe the pattern of eye drops prescription in patients with glaucoma in the state of Sergipe, Brazil. A descriptive cross-sectional study...
Evaluation of antidiabetic effect and hematotological profile of methanol extract of Ceiba pentandra G (Malvaceae) stem bark on alloxan-induced diabetic rats
July 2016
The anti-diabetic effect of methanol extract of stem bark of Ceiba pentandra and its beneficial/ toxicological effect on hematological parameters in normal and alloxan-induced-diabetic rats were studied. The acute toxicity (LD50) test and phytochemical analysis were also carried studied. The diabetic rats were divided into five groups of 5 animals each given oral administration of the extract daily for 14 days. The...
Antimicrobial potential evaluation of hydroethanolic extracts of the species Anacardium occidentale Linn.
July 2016
The species Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli have shown increased antimicrobial resistance, which can be overcome with plant extracts, in view of their molecular complexity, for example extracts of Anacardium occidentale Linn (cashew). The objective was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of cashew stem bark extract. Samples were collected in Santa Cruz / RN / Brazil, and after dried and crushed,...
A simple and sensitive method for the detection of “Oxytetracycine†levels in ready-to-eat beef by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
July 2016
Antimicrobial drug residues have emerged as one of the public health problems worldwide. In this study, a modified sensitive liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method to detect the “Oxytetracycine” (OTC) levels in ready-to-eat beef meat in Tanzania was evaluated. Beef samples were extracted in acetonitrile in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) buffer (pH 4), followed by cleaning up with...
Antinociceptive and healing activity of the methanolic and hydroethanolic extracts of Caulerpa taxifolia
July 2016
This study aimed to evaluate the healing and analgesic action of methanolic extract and hydroalcoholic of C. taxifolia, and check the percentage of soluble proteins available in the extract of this vegetable. The collection of C. taxifolia occurred on the beach of Barra do Sirinhaém - PE, processed for testing. The animals used in the test were Swiss mice, and Mus musculus of species. For healing activity and...
A review of twenty ethnobotanicals used in the management of breast cancer in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
July 2016
Ethnobotanical investigation revealed the use of Alafia barteri Oliv., Allium ascalonicum L., Alstonia congensis Engl., Anthocleista djalonensis A. Chev., Calliandra portoricensis (Jacq.) Benth., Capsicum frutescens L., Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook f. ex Benth., Erythophleum suaveolens (Guill. & Perr.) Brenan, Grewia flavescens Juss., Khaya ivorensis A. Chev., Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth., Lophira alata Banks ex...
Fixed and volatile constituents of Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth from Bahia-Brazil
July 2016
Essential oils from Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth roots and stems, popularly known in Bahia (Brazil) as velame or cassutinga, were obtained by hydro distillation. Fixed oil from the roots of this species was obtained by maceration in hexane. The oils were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GCMS). 46 compounds were identified in the stems and 35 substances...
Centratherum anthelminticum seeds reverse the carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats
July 2016
The present study is the first attempt to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic seeds extract (ESEt) of Centratherum anthelminticum (black cumin) in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury. The test doses (600 and 800 mg/kg) of same extract were found effective in their respective test groups by improving the body and liver weights, serum alanine and aspartate transaminases,...
Cubebin and semisynthetic dibenzyl butyrolactone derivatives: Biological activities
July 2016
Lignans are a group of secondary metabolites with a wide variety of chemical structures, formed by coupling two phenylpropanoid units. Currently, there is great interest in lignan due to the wide range of biological activities this class of compounds has demonstrated. This review describes the biological activities of cubebin and semi-synthetic derivatives, focusing primarily on Piper cubeba and Zantoxyllum...
Pattern of drugs prescribed for treatment of hypertensive patients: Bangladesh
July 2016
The exponential increase in patients with hypertension puts an enormous burden on healthcare providers. To describe the trends in the prescription of antihypertensive medication in a tertiary care hospital, Bangladesh is the objective of the study. This is a hospital based descriptive cross sectional study conducted at the Medicine outpatient Department in Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Patients more than 20 years of...
Difficulties in antifungal therapy with amphotericin B and the continuous search for new formulations: A literature review
June 2016
Despite advances in the research on new antifungal agents, Amphotericin B (AmB) is still considered as the antifungal of choice for treating most systemic mycoses due to its potency and broad-spectrum action. However, this drug has limited use because of its toxic effects on kidneys, liver and blood. The search for new and safe formulations of AmB is essential because of the emergence of antifungal resistance to other...
Medication use history in patients admitted to a teaching hospital: A cross-sectional study
June 2016
Although the literature shows several studies on medication safety, there are few Latin American studies describing aspects in the practice of medication reconciliation carried out by pharmacists in the admission process. This study aimed to describe the acquisition of medication use history of patients during admission, and to characterize the unintentional discrepancies in their pharmacotherapy in a Brazilian teaching...
In vitro antioxidant activity and phenolic contents of different fractions of ethanolic extract from Khaya senegalensis A. Juss. (Meliaceae) stem barks
June 2016
Khaya senegalensis A. Juss (Meliaceae) is a medicinal plant used in folk medicine of Burkina Faso. Its stem barks are used to treat several diseases such as inflammation, arthritis, infections, ulcer, malaria, fever and dermatosis. The antioxidant activity of aqueous ethanol extract and fractions of Khaya senegalensis stem bark was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), 2,2'-azino-bis...
GC-MS analysis and in vitro bioactivity of fixed oil and fatty acid fraction obtained from seeds of Simira gardneriana, a Rubiaceae from Brazilian Caatinga Biome
June 2016
Rubiaceae family includes many species with biological activity, highlighting the genus Simira. In the Caatinga, this genus is represented by six species, and among them, Simira gardneriana is the only endemic species. Previous studies with this plant have shown that extracts from the aerial parts have antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition,...
Neuropharmacological profile of ethanolic dried seed extract of Persea americana in mice
June 2016
Persea americana Mill (Lauraceae) is a medicinal plant used traditionally in Nigeria to treat several diseases including malaria, hypertension and febrile convulsions among others. Some of these indications are related to central activity but have not been systematically evaluated. This study investigated the neuropharmacological effects and the acute toxicity profile of the ethanolic dried seed extract of P. americana...
Omega 3-fatty acids, atorvastatin as modulators for inflammatory pattern versus diclofenac in osteoarthritis induced in experimental rats
June 2016
Antiinflammatory properties of statins and omega-3 fatty acids are well known and documented before. Present work aimed mainly to demonstrate their effects on inflammatory pattern of osteoarthritis (OA) induced in rats. Osteoarthritis was induced by single intraarticular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) in the right knee joints in a dose level of 24.6 mg/kg body weight. Omega 3 fatty acids and atorvastatin were...
In vitro anthelmintic activity of Allium sativum, Allium cepa and Jatropha curcas against Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum
June 2016
Prevalence of animal diseases is one of the major livestock production constraints in Kenya with high impacts on livelihoods due to related economic losses affecting food security in the country. The use of synthetic drugs for disease management has challenges. This makes the use of medicinal plants for treatment a rational alternative. Ascarids, Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum are among the most frequently...
Serum levels of oxytocin in pregnancy, parturition and postpartum for Nigerian females in Zaria, Nigeria
June 2016
Oxytocin is a hormone involved with adjustment of pregnancy, the process of delivery, breastfeeding, social recognition and bonding. This study aimed at determining the serum levels of oxytocin in pregnancy, during labour, and in the puerperium for Nigerian females in Zaria. It was a cross-sectional study of one hundred and twenty women aged 18 to 45 years from four hospitals in Zaria. The women were grouped into four...
Studies on gastrointestinal properties of ethanolic leaf extract of Salacia lehmbachii in Wistar rats
May 2016
Salacia lehmbachii Loes, is used traditionally in Nigeria for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-ulcer and anti-diarrhoeal activities of the ethanolic leaf extract of S. lehmbachii. The ethanolic leaf extract was evaluated for castor oil-induced diarrhoeal, intestinal transit as well as intestinal fluid accumulation in rats, while indomethacin, water immersion...
In vivo anti-inflammatory and in vitro antioxidant properties of Hilleria latifolia and Laportea ovalifolia
May 2016
Inflammation which is a normal phenomenon involved in healing of injurious tissue can be complicated with reactive oxygen resulting in chronic inflammatory state and subsequent tissue damage. Since there are reports on severe side effects associated with the use of synthetic anti-inflammatory medications, there is the need to search for new medications with milder side effects. The study, therefore, investigated the...
Development of a strategic model of customer relationship management for the pharmaceutical industry of Bangladesh
May 2016
Recent academic and practitioner studies have implied that customer relationship management (CRM) provided improved business opportunity yet it has received sundry performance reviews in the present literature. The pharmaceutical industry, in Bangladesh, is in the midst of fundamental changes. Situational regulations have been placed for decades that minimize pressure from competitor companies, and application of modern...
Evaluation of Hepatic activity of various morphological parts of Musa paradisiaca L.
May 2016
The objective of present study was to investigate the hepatic activity of methanolic extract of various morphological parts (bract, flower, trachea and tracheal fluid) of Musa paradisiaca L. for their effect on liver of experimental mice. The methanolic extract of morphological parts of Musa paradisiaca (bract, flower, trachea and tracheal fluid) at the dose of (100, 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w) and silymarin (25 mg/kg) was...
Thirst perception in mild to moderate hypertensive Nigerians treated with aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L.
May 2016
Aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is widely consumed in Nigeria as a local beverage used to quench thirst and also because of its antihypertensive action. The present study investigated the effect of consumption of aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa on thirst perception (TP) in mild to moderate hypertensive Nigerians. Fifty mild to moderate hypertensive patients attending medical out-patients clinic of Enugu State...
Study of the self-association of amoxicillin, thiamine and the hetero-association with biologically active compound chlorgenic acid
May 2016
The self-association of amoxicillin (AMX) and its hetero-association with biologically active compound, chlorogenic acid (CGA) were investigated at room temperature (295°K). The dimerization constant of amoxicillin and thiamine (THIA) analyzed using the dimer model at the wavelength of 278 and 256 nm were found to be and , respectively. The hetero-association constant of amoxicillin and chlorogenic acid...
Biotransformation of coumarins by Cunninghamella elegans
May 2016
Microbial biotransformation of coumarin (I) was undertaken using a battery of twenty five microorganisms. Among them, the fungus Cunninghamella elegans NRRL 1392 was the sole microbe that efficiently metabolized coumarin (I) into umbelliferone (II), 3, 4-dihydrocoumarin (V) and transcinnamic acid (VI). Umbelliferone was also biotransformed into 6, 7-dihydroxycoumarin (aesculetin, VII) and p-coumaric acid (VIII). On the...
Development of Pharmacy Education in Kenya Universities to date
May 2016
The purpose of this paper was to examine the development of pharmacy education in Kenya since independence. Websites of the Pharmacy and Poison Board of Kenya and the Commission for University Education as well as those of the universities offering pharmacy education were used to obtain information such as the framework for establishment of programmes in higher institutions, curriculum, regulation of pharmacy practice...
Larvicidal potential of Mikania glomerata SPRENGEL extract on Ancylostoma caninum larvae
May 2016
Parasitic diseases are seen as indicators of a country’s socioeconomic development, constituting a major public health problem as they cause direct health problems related to the lack of piped water, no sewage system, and lack of orientation. Contamination by the geohelminth Ancylostoma spp, causes the Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM), also known as "sandworms", presenting skin lesions of linear and...
Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the leaves, stem-barks extracts and fractions of Ochna schweinfurthiana F.Hoffm (Ochnaceae)
May 2016
The present study evaluates the in vitro antioxidant activity of the leaves and stem-barks extracts and fractions of Ochna schweinfurthiana. To this effect, the different extracts were obtained by maceration in four solvents namely ethyl acetate, methanol, acetone and water- ethanol mixture (20-80). The methanol extract which exhibited the best antioxidant activity was partitioned in hexane and ethyl acetate. The ethyl...
Incidence of polypharmacy in Alzheimer's disease elderly patients from Guarapuava City (Paraná, Brazil)
May 2016
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects a large portion of the elderly worldwide and is the most common dementia in this population. AD is usually accompanied by concurrent comorbidities leading to the simultaneous use of several drugs to improve the quality of life, which renders AD patients vulnerable to drug interactions and adverse reactions. This study assessed the frequency of polypharmacy based on comorbidities in...
Therapeutic and preventive effects of Commiphora gileadensis against diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic injury in albino rats
April 2016
Commiphora gileadensis is a tree in the burseraceae family, cultivated widely in Hadhramaut governorate (Yemen) and known locally as “Besham“ or Balsam” used traditionally for many ailments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic and preventive effects of C. gileadensis against diethylnitrosamine (DEN) -induced hepatic injury in albino rats. 40 albino rats were divided randomly into five...
Cytotoxicity, antifungal and antioxidant activities of the essential oil from Eupatorium ballotifolium Kunth (Asteraceae)
April 2016
This study aimed to characterize chemically and evaluate the cytotoxicity and antioxidant, antifungal and modulatory activities of the essential oil of Eupatorium ballotifolium, collected in the mountainous region of Meruoca in the state of Ceará. The antioxidant activity was investigated by the free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay and β-carotene/linoleic-acid oxidation model...
Effect of plants extracts on the growth of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus
April 2016
The purpose of this study was to estimate the effectiveness of cardamom, cinnamon, ginger, cloves and myrrha extracts on the inhibition of Candida albicans and two isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and in different concentrations. The results showed that the aqueous extract of spices have no inhibitory effect on the growth of the tested microbes, while, that two types of the...
Phytochemistry and antibacterial activity of extracts from medicinal plant Olea africana
April 2016
Increase in prevalence of resistant microorganisms especially to synthetic drugs, has necessitated the need to search for new bioactive compounds having natural origin. Phytochemical investigation of Olea africana extracts afforded two triterpenoids namely erythrodiol and uvaol which were obtained through repeated column chromatography. The compounds were characterized using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy...
Antioxidant and antinociceptive effect of the hydroethanolic extract and fractions of the bark of Bowdichia virgilioides in orofacial pain
April 2016
Bowdichia virgilioides is used by the population for treating inflammation in general. This study evaluated the antinociceptive activity and possible mechanisms of action of hydroethanolic extract (HEE) and hexane (HXF), chloroform (CLF), ethyl acetate (EAF) and hydromethanol (HMF) fraction of HEE obtained from the plant stem bark against orofacial pain, as well as in vitro its antioxidant effect on the scavenging of...
Influence of polymorphism of adenosine triphosphate binding cassette on oral drug absorption
April 2016
Administration of drugs via oral route is the most common and convenient. Three major factors can affect drug absorption from this route: physiologic, physicochemical and formulation. Drug absorption mainly takes place in small intestine after oral administration. Within the small intestine, there are 2 major families of proteins involved in transport that have significant roles on drugs absorption:...
In- vivo and vitro bioactivities of the essential oil of Duguetia lanceolata branches
April 2016
The present study investigated the in- vivo and vitro bioactivities of the essential oil of Duguetia lanceolata branches (EODL) and caryophyllene oxide (CO). The chemical composition of EODL was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin, hot plate and tail-immersion methods were used to evaluate the antinociceptive effect in mice. Anti-inflammatory activity was tested by carrageenan-induced paw...
Steady-state bioequivalence study of clozapine psychotic patients in Brazil
April 2016
The present work aimed to compare the relative bioavailability of Zolapin with 100 mg tablet Leponex as a reference formulation, through a simple, robust and low-cost bioequivalence assays method. The study design was multiple-dose, randomized, crossover with patients in steady-state, and was performed with 24 schizophrenic male patients. Subjects received 100 mg twice a day of either Leponex or Zolapin for 10 days. At...
Antioxidant properties of antiepileptic drugs levetiracetam and clonazepam in mice brain after in vitro-induced oxidative stress
April 2016
This study aimed to investigate the in vitro antioxidant activity of the novel anticonvulsant levetiracetam and benzodiazepine clonazepam. To do this, the mice brain homogenates were incubated with levetiracetam (50, 100 or 200 ïg/ml) or clonazepam (50, 100 or 200 ïg/ml), and then, submitted to heating at 37°C for 1 h. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C, 200 ïg/ml) was used as reference antioxidant drug. The markers of...
Impact of cooking and conservation for twelve days on total polyphenols content, antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of red onion
April 2016
The objective of this work was to determine the impact of three cooking modes (boiling, steaming and microwaving) and the conservation of onion at 4°C for 12 days on total polyphenol, flavonoid, tannins, phenolic acids contents antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity of red onion: Allium cepa. The results showed that the three cooking modes caused an increase of the levels of total polyphenols, flavonoids and...
Efficacy and effectiveness of drug treatments in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A systematic review with meta-analysis
April 2016
The results of published studies with various neuroprotectors seeking to preserve motor neuron function and improve survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients have poor evidence in humans, although there are several studies in animal models with positive results. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on drug treatment options and survival times in animal models and patients with amyotrophic lateral...
In vivo hypoglycemic effect of ethanol extract and its fractions of Rhaphidophora glauca (Wall.) Schott leaves with area under curve (AUC) during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
April 2016
This study was carried out to investigate the hypoglycemic effects of ethanol extract and its chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of Rhaphidophora glauca (Wall.) Schottleaves in normal and glucose induced hyperglycemic mice (in vivo). Area under curve (AUC) was also calculated during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Ethanol extract and its fractions of R. glauca leaves at 400 and 800 mg/kg doses significantly (P...
Phytochemical Analysis and Evaluation of Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Xanthoxylum fraxineum
April 2016
Purpose of this study was to standardize the drug Xanthoxylum fraxineum by performing chemical analysis including FTIR and to evaluate its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties as the drug has folkloric uses as an anti- inflammatory, antispasmodic and analgesic agent. Chemical analysis revealed presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and phytosterols. Mice were employed to determine the analgesic activity by...
Effects of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaf products on haematological indices, lipid profile and hepatic parameters of hyperlipidemic rat
March 2016
Previously, we demonstrated that Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaf contains various secondary metabolites including saponins, tannins and oxalates, which are known to possess documented pharmacological activities. In this present study, we investigated the effects of the leaf products on haematological indices, lipid profile and hepatic parameters using Wistar albino rat bioassay. Data suggested that though the haemoglobin...
Anticonvulsant and anxiolytic activity of the leaf aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Melanthera scandens in a rat model
March 2016
Modern drug therapy of epilepsy is complicated by the inability of drugs to control seizures in some patients and side effects that range in severity from minimal impairment of the central nervous system to death from aplastic anemia or hepatic failure. Medicinal plants used in traditional medicine for the treatment of epilepsy have been scientifically shown to possess promising anticonvulsant activities in animal...
Evaluation of the compliance of women with breast cancer to treatment in a reference hospital in a city of North-east, Brazil
March 2016
For the translation, transcultural adaptation and a pilot test of the instrument were done. Also, the compliance of the breast cancer patients to the treatment was measured. The questionnaire “Cancer Patient Self-Report Questionnaire Non-Adherence” was translated and adapted; and a pilot test with 30 patients was performed. For this study, the questionnaire, Morisky-Green test, was also used. A hundred and...
Evaluation of clinical parameters in people living with HIV undergoing pharmacotherapeutic monitoring: Viral load, CD4+ T lymphocytes and adherence to antiretrovirals
March 2016
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical indicators (viral load- VL, CD4 lymphocytes and adherence) of HIV+ patients, at the beginning of treatment with antiretrovirals (ARV), during pharmacotherapeutic monitoring (PTM) in a specialized center in Fortaleza, Ceará. The longitudinal study, according to the Dáder method, was used for patients with HIV (n = 100) from 2008 to 2012, beginning at the...
Orthogonal test design for optimization of the isolation and purification of total favonoids from Artemisia frigida Willd using macroporous resin chromatography
March 2016
In the present study, the authors aimed to use an orthogonal test design to optimize conditions for isolating and purifying total flavonoids from Artemisia frigida Willd (A. frigida) using macroporous resins. An orthogonal L9(3)4 test design was applied to select the optimum isolation and purification parameters, including the volume of sample solution, flow rate of adsorption and eluent concentration and volume. The...
Antibacterial and antifungal activities of indican (indoxyl β-D-glucoside)
March 2016
Indican (Indoxyl β-d-glucoside), plant pigments found in true Indigo, are present in Indigofera genus plants, fungi and human urine. This study evaluated the antibacterial and antifungal activities of this pigment using the microdilution method. Antibacterial and antifungal activities were performed against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Candida...
DPPH radical scavenging and lipoxygenase inhibitory effects in extracts from Erythrina senegalensis (Fabaceae) DC
March 2016
Erythrina senegalensis DC (Fabaceae) is a plant used in traditional medicine in Burkina Faso (West Africa) to cure several diseases such as malaria, rheumatism, abdominal pain, fibroma and infections which are always accompanied by oxidative stress. This study aimed to highlight the antioxidant activities in dichloromethane (DCM) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts of E. senegalensis stem bark and roots. We used the 1, 1...
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