Effect of erythrinaline alkaloids from Erythrina lysistemon on human recombinant caspase-3
April 2018
Prostate cancer is a leading killer disease among men all over the world. Inducing apoptosis (programmed cell death) is a strategic chemotherapeutic approach. Caspase-3 is a key effector of apoptosis, and its activation promotes apoptosis. It was hypothesized that erythrinaline alkaloids activate caspase-3. The alkaloids were isolated from the flowers and pods of Erythrina lysistemon. Their effect on human recombinant...
In vivo assessment of the antipyretic activity of tilmicosin
April 2018
The aim of the present study was to assess the antipyretic activity of the macrolide antibiotic, tilmicosin, at dose levels of 20 and 40 mg/kg of body weight, subcutaneously, in Brewer's yeast-induced fever model in mice. Pyrexia was induced by subcutaneous injection of 20 mL/kg of 20% (w/v) Brewer’s yeast suspension into the animal’s scruff region. Eighteen hours later, feverish animals were treated...
A systematic review: Application of in silico models for antimalarial drug discovery
April 2018
Malaria remains the global public health problem due to the reemergence of drug resistance. There is an urgent need for development of new antimalarial candidates which are effective against resistant malaria parasite. This systematic review evaluates the published research studies that applied in silico modeling during the discovery process of antimalarial drugs. Literature searches were conducted using PubMed, EBSCO,...
In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Vangueria infausta: An edible wild fruit from Zimbabwe
April 2018
This study set out to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of Vangueria infausta, an edible wild fruit from Zimbabwe. The importance lies in the fact that this plant species could be developed as a low cost and effective therapeutic agent, with little or no side effects from natural sources. The fruit pulp of V. infausta was subjected to cold ethanol extraction to get crude extract. Flavonoids were isolated by...
Extract and chloroform fraction from Syzygium cumini leaves with vasorelaxant effect mediated by inhibition of calcium channels
March 2018
Hypertension is associated with endothelial dysfunction characterized by decreased vasorelaxation. Our research group recently demonstrated that hydroalcoholic extract of Syzygium cumini leaves (HESc) reduces the blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). This study evaluated the ability of HESc and chloroform fraction (CF) in promoting vasorelaxation on resistance arteries rings. Endothelium-deprived...
Antibacterial activity of crude extracts and pure compounds isolated from Vernonia galamensis leaves
March 2018
The aim of this study was to test the antibacterial property of the extract of the leaves and isolated compounds of Vernonia galamensis that is traditionally claimed to have diverse medicinal use. The disk diffusion method was used to test the successively extracted dried leaves of V. galamensis on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Shigella boydii. Further fractionation of the acetone extract...
Characterisation of drug loaded with poly-beta-hydroxyl-butyrate (PHB) nanoparticles onto the cotton gauze for tuberculosis
March 2018
Nanoparticles are of current interest because of their emerging understanding effects on human health. Many developed nanoparticles were created based upon the current application. The application of nanoparticles in drug delivery of pharmaceuticals offers many advantages on the treatment strategies and therapy outcomes. Poly-beta-hydroxyl-butyrate (PHB) nanoparticles are very versatile and its design could be tailored...
A Study on Spurious and Not of Standard Quality Drugs in the State of Andhra Pradesh
March 2018
Indian Pharmaceutical Industry is the third largest in the world in terms of volume and this industry has a business of about USD 30 billion annually. Availability of quality medical products, especially drugs is important from the perspective of health of the consumers. The manufacture and sale of drugs in India is a licensed activity under Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945. The use...
In vitro antimicrobial activities of Plocamium rigidum and Plocamium cornutum from the Namibian coast line
March 2018
The aim of this study was to determine suitable extraction solvents for antimicrobial compounds and the antimicrobial activity of two algal species, Plocamium cornutum and Plocamium rigidum collected from the coastline of Namibia. Samples were collected at low tide from the intertidal area of the coastline at Lüderitz and Henties Bay. The samples were collected about 5 to 10 cm under water by hand and placed in a...
Anti-hemolytic and reduction of lipid peroxidation capacities of Detarium microcarpum Guill. and Perr. fruits
March 2018
This study was designed to investigate the ability of ethanol fruit extract from Detarium microcarpum to protect erythrocytes against hemolysis and lipid peroxidation. To achieve this objective, hemolytic, anti-hemolytic and lipid peroxidation from cell membrane assays were used. Hemolytic and anti-hemolytic activities (regarding H2O2 induced hemolysis) were assessed by determination of free haemoglobin at 540 nm....
In vitro evaluation of antiasthmatic activity of ethanol leaf extract of Guiera senegalensis j. F. GMEL (Combretaceae)
March 2018
Guiera senegalensis is a medicinal plant that is widely used in West Africa against many illnesses. In this work, the antiasthmatic properties of ethanol leaf extract of the G. senegalensis were evaluated by using various in vitro animal models. In vitro models like isolated guinea pig tracheal chain preparation, isolated guinea pig ileum and rabbit jejunum preparations were studied to evaluate possible mechanism by...
Anti-respiratory syncytial virus activities of leaf extracts of Alchornea cordifolia and Alchornea floribunda
February 2018
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes viral infection of a global proportion. Currently, there is no approved vaccine or useful antiviral drug against it. Natural products hold potential for discovery of anti-RSV agents. The present study assessed the anti-RSV activities of Alchornea cordifolia (AC) (Shumach. and Thonn.) MÏ‹ll. Arg. and Alchornea floribunda (AF) MÏ‹ll. Arg., Antiviral activities of AC and AF leaf...
Effects of vanadium on oxidative stress and electrolytes balance of dyslipidemic male rats treated with simvastatin
February 2018
Dyslipidaemia is characterised by enhanced production of reactive oxygen species and increased oxidative stress, which may affect liver, kidney and heart function. It is considered as a critical risk factor for cardiovascular and liver diseases. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of vanadium chloride on the oxidative stress state of liver, kidney and heart functions along with electrolyte balance during...
Isolation, structure elucidation, antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of petroleum ether extract of Artemisia integrifolia L. against CCl4-induced liver injury in rats
February 2018
The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical constituents of petroleum ether extract from Artemisia integrifolia L (AIPEE) and to evaluate its hepatoprotective potential and in vivo antioxidant effects. Six compounds, namely eugenol (1), linolenic acid (2), 6,7-epoxy-linolenic acid (3), linoleic acid (4), oleic acid (5) and hexadecanoic acid (6) were isolated from the AIPEE. Oral administration of AIPEE...
Development and validation of high sensitive UHPLC-ESI-MS assay for simultaneous determination of dextromethorphan, dextrorphan, and midazolam in human plasma
February 2018
A more sensitive and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) method has been developed and validated simultaneously for analysis of three analytes. The method is sensitive, enough for the study of analyte pharmacokinetics and metabolic pathways of drugs. The current method includes a simple reversed-phase Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry...
Risk factors for, and treatment of, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: Evidence from the literature
January 2018
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are adverse drug reactions. They occur in the form of mild and sometimes severe cutaneous eruptions, with high morbidity and mortality, requiring fast and appropriate diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to describe and discuss the evidence regarding the risk factors, complications and treatment of SJS and TEN in inpatients. The present...
In vitro antimicrobial activity of generic and brand-name Levofloxacin against clinical and ATCC strains E. coli and S. aureus
January 2018
In vitro antimicrobial activity between generic and brand-name Levofloxacin was evaluated against isolated strains collected in 3 Colombia hospitals: Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Initially, active substance was quantified using the methodologies identified by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) 38 NF 32, chromatographic conditions were validated and standardized. The minimum inhibitory...
Evaluation of antihypertensive and vasorelaxant effects of Heimia salicifolia (family: Lythraceae)
January 2018
There are reports of the presence of vasodilatory alkaloids in Heimia salicifolia extracts. The action mechanisms of the potential antihypertensive effect of such alkaloids have not however, been elucidated. The objective of the present study was to corroborate the antihypertensive and vasorelaxant activities of the isolated alkaloids from H. salicifolia, and to characterize their vasorelaxant actions. A chloroform...
Traditional medicinal plants used for the treatment of diabetes in the Sudan: A review
January 2018
The prevalence of metabolic disorders such as diabetes among population is of increasing concern worldwide. Sudan is a developing country, where several areas frequently depend on folk medicine. Several herbal preparations have been used in folklore practice in Sudan for the management of diabetes with claims asserting their hypoglycemic effect. Basic research relating to these plants are reviewed in this paper with the...
Comparative evaluation of caffeine content in Arabian coffee with other caffeine beverages
January 2018
It is well documented that caffeine is the world's most widely consumed drug with its main source found in coffee. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), diabetes and obesity are major health problems. Caffeine is attested as a potential drug for treating obesity, hepatic fibrosis, and preventing or delaying diabetes. The aim of this work is to evaluate the caffeine content of the Arabian coffee in comparison to...
Absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination (ADME) and toxicity profile of marine sulfated polysaccharides used in bionanotechnology
January 2018
Sulfated polysaccharides extracted from marine algae and bacteria constitute an important class of biomacromolecules as they are characterized by biocompatibility, biodegradability and low immunogenicity. Recent advances in bionanotechnology are attributed to identification of marine sulfated polysaccharides of unique composition and functional properties. Promising results obtained so far justify the need for...
Antidiarrhoeal and antispasmodic activity of leaves of Syzygium cumini L. (Myrtaceae) mediated through calcium channel blockage
January 2018
Syzygium cumini L. Skeels (Myrtaceae) commonly known as jambolan is used as traditional medicine to treat gastrointestinal disorders in children in Brazil. This work is one of the first to evaluate the antidiarrhoeal and antispasmodic activity of the standardized extract of S. cumini leaves (HESc) in experimental models in vitro and in vivo rodents. Mice pre-treated with HESc (100, 250 and 1000 mg/kg) and atropine (1.0...
Insight into clinically effective herbal antimalarial products: Effects on drug metabolizing enzymes and p-glycoprotein
December 2017
Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in many developing tropical countries, particularly in children and pregnant women. With growing concerns about the development of resistance to current antimalarial drugs, herbal alternatives may provide significant and sustainable treatment options in affected regions. This review aimed at providing an updated overview of available data on Herbal Medicinal Products...
A comparative anti-inflammatory evaluation of fresh ginger extracts from China and Ghana identifies L-valine as a diagnostic biomarker
December 2017
The quality of botanicals has been reported to be influenced by their places of cultivation. Although, ginger remains a common health remedy both in Ghana and China, no comparative study exists to the best of the authors’ knowledge, on the anti-inflammatory properties of ginger from these two countries. The aim of this study was to comparatively assess the anti-inflammatory effect of the methanolic extracts of...
GC-MS analysis of leaf, stem-bark and root extracts of Alstonia boonei
December 2017
Alstonia boonei De Wild is a medicinal plant commonly found in West African and is popularly known as God's tree. The plant parts have been traditionally used as a painkiller, antimicrobial, antimalarial and antidiabetic which have also been proved scientifically. Previous studies revealed little information on phytochemcial components of A. boonei. The present work aims at investigating and comparing the chemical...
In vivo antioxidative activity of 5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone-7-O-(6''-O-[E]-coumaroyl)-β-glucopyranoside isolated from Panzeria alaschanica
December 2017
Our objective was to assess in vivo antioxidative potential of 5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone-7-O-(6''-O-[E]-coumaroyl)-β-glucopyranoside (TFGN) isolated from Panzeria alaschanica in a diabetic rat model. The diabetes and the following oxidative stress were induced by intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin. The effects of TPGN (60 mg/kg) on the plasma concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and...
Diuretic, insecticidal and leishmanicidal profile of the whole plant of Viola betonicifolia
December 2017
In the present study, the crude methanolic and its succeeding solvent fractions of the whole plant of Viola betonicifolia were investigated for its diuretic, insecticidal and leishmanicidal profile. The methanolic and n-hexane fractions were screened (at the dose of 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg intraperitoneally [i.p.]) for diuretic effects on BALB/c mice. The methanolic extract demonstrated a weak, but not statistically...
Gastro-protective potential of Artemisia parvifloraon aspirin induced gastric ulcers in albino rabbits
November 2017
Artemisia parviflora Roxb.(Asteraceae) has medicinal properties. This study evaluates the gastroprotective potential of A. parviflora seeds against aspirin induced ulcers in albino rabbits.Thirty-six rabbits were randomly divided into 6 equal groups (n = 6). Group 1 was control; group 2 received aspirin for 14 days; group 3 received omeprazole + aspirin for 14 days; groups 4, 5, and 6 received A. parviflora seed powder...
Phytochemical analysis and ovicidal activity of Cassia sieberiana, Guiera senegalensis and Excoecaria grahamii extracts
November 2017
Cassia sieberiana DC. (Caesalpiniaceae), Guiera senegalensis JF. Gmel (Combretaceae) and Excoecaria grahamii (Hochst) Pax. (Euphorbiaceae) are used in traditional medicine in Burkina Faso to treat gastro-intestinal parasites. Standard methods were used for phytochemical screening and to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic activity of the aqueous extracts of the three (3) plants using the egg hatch test against Haemonchus...
Haematology and serum biochemistry of alloxan-induced diabetic rats administered with extracts of Phragmanthera incana (Schum.) Balle
November 2017
This study evaluated the toxic changes that may accompany treatment of diabetes with Phragmanthera incana, a mistletoe species growing on two plant hosts [Cola nitida (Kolanut; PICN) and Theobroma cacao (Cocoa; PITC)]. The toxic potential of this treatment regimen was evaluated using the effect of the extracts PICN and PITC on the haematology and serum chemistry of the diabetic rats. Alloxan-induced diabetic rats were...
Anti-diabetic activities of Fleurya aestuans (L.) Gaudich in alloxan induced rats
November 2017
Diabetes mellitus is becoming an increasing concern all over the world and such people especially in some communities have used medicinal plants to treat diabetes and its complications. This investigation aimed to examine the hypoglycemic potential of the methanol extract of Fleurya aestuans leaves in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats. Thirty five Wistar albino rats were grouped into seven different groups of...
Evaluation of phytochemical components from ethyl acetate fraction of Vernonia calvoana using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and its antioxidants activities
November 2017
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and antioxidants activity of phytochemical constituents from ethyl acetate fraction of Vernonia calvoana (V.C) was evaluated. The fraction was subjected to GC–MS analysis using 5% diphenyl 95% dimethylpolysiloxane (30 m × 0.25 mm ID × 0.25 µm film thickness), the compounds were separated and identified by Turbo gold mass detector. The...
Antidiabetic potential of ethanol leaf extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum on alloxan-induced diabetic rats and their haematological profiles
November 2017
Bryophyllum pinnatum is a known herb found in the tropical region of Africa and other parts of the world. In this study, the ethanol extract of the plant was investigated for possible anti-diabetic effect on alloxan induced hyperglycaemic wistar albino rats. Phytochemical studies revealed that Flavonoids and alkaloids were highly abundant compared to steroids and terpenoids which were slightly present while glycosides...
Assessment of Brazilian pharmacy students' perception of their level of preparedness for pharmaceutical practice
October 2017
The teaching model based on objective, measurable, and linear knowledge no longer seems to be the most appropriate, given the new responsibilities of pharmacists, who should focus their practices on patient care. The objective of the present study was to analyze students' perception about preparedness to pharmacy practice and to patient-centered care, and identify experiential training barriers Two discussion groups...
The effect of vanadium on rat hypercholesterolemia in the presence and absence of statins
October 2017
Vanadium may or may not be a cholesterol-lowering agent. It could potentially be used as an additional therapy or alone in therapies for treatment of dyslipidemia. This study aimed to investigate the effect of vanadium on hypercholesterolemia in the presence and absence of statins. Sixty rats were divided into five groups. The first group was kept on a normal diet and the second group was kept on a high fat diet. The...
Hepatoprotective effects of methanol extract of Alchornea cordifolia leaves against anti-tubercular drugs induced hepatotoxicity in rats
October 2017
Alchornea cordifolia has been shown to be hepatoprotective against hepatotoxicity induced by high dose paracetamol in a model animal. However, its hepatoprotective effects against the hepatotoxicity induced by anti-tubercular drugs have not yet been studied, whereas anti-tubercular drugs are known to be hepatotoxic at therapeutic dose. The aim of this work was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of a methanol...
A review of clinical pharmacokinetics of chloroquine and primaquine and their application in malaria treatment in Thai population
October 2017
The blood schizontocidal chloroquine (CQ) and the tissue schizontocidal and gametocytocidal primaquine (PQ) remain the mainstay treatment of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale infections for more than six decades. The review focuses on the clinical pharmacokinetic studies of both drugs in Thai population that have provided useful information for clinical application in the treatment of malaria. There appears to...
Production of gastro-resistant coated tablets prepared from the hydroethanolic standardized roots extract of Harpagophytum procumbens DC.
October 2017
This project aimed at developing a gastro-resistant coated tablet using traditional herbal medicine dry extract from the secondary roots of the plant species Harpagophytum procumbens DC. (Pedaliaceae), standardized in harpagoside 20%, popularly known as "devil's claw". The tablets were produced by direct compression and coated with the gastro-resistant dispersion. Accelerated and long-term stability...
Preparation and evaluation of carbopol coated maize starch: A novel multifunctional excipient
October 2017
The aim of this study was to enhance the classical adjuvant functionality of maize starch (Mst) by co-processing with small quantities of carbopol 974P (CaPol). A pre-processed maize starch (MpS) was coated with different concentrations of CaPol corresponding to 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 %w/w and spray-dried at controlled conditions to produce the CaPol-coated motifs (MpS-CaPol). The relevant physicochemical and...
Evaluation of some metabolic activities and immuno-stimulatory potential of methanolic seed extract of Garcinia kola (Heckel) in female albino Wistar rats
October 2017
Evaluation of some metabolic activities and immuno-stimulatory potential of the methanolic seed extract of Garcinia kola (Heckel) in female albino Wistar rats was carried out using standard methods. Animals in treated groups were administered 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight, respectively of the extract through the oral route for 21 days. The control group received normal saline (0.5 ml/100 g body weight) for the same...
Knowledge, attitude and practice of community pharmacists in relation to cholesterol screening in Delta State, Nigeria
September 2017
Elevated level of cholesterol is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Community pharmacies are considered as ideal settings to provide screening services for chronic medical conditions. An adequate knowledge and a positive attitude towards cholesterol screening would increase pharmacist’s involvement in cholesterol lowering interventions and referrals. The objective of this study was to...
Health care providers’ knowledge, attitude and experience of adverse drug reaction reporting
September 2017
Adverse drug reaction (ADR) is a noxious and undesirable reaction to drugs at dosage normally used in humans for diagnosis, treatment or prophylaxis of diseases or ailments. Spontaneous reporting is currently the major back bone for the detection of adverse drug reactions. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of health professionals towards ADR reporting in Boru Meda Hospital,...
Detoxification potentials of an alcoholic bitter on carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative damage in wistar albino rats
September 2017
The increased demand for herbal remedies and natural quest for alcohol consumption has positioned alcoholic herbal preparations (bitters) as ideal drink. Bitters are acclaimed to have blood detoxifying and liver cleansing potentials. This study investigated the acclaimed detoxifying potentials of an alcoholic bitter (AB) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced toxicity. Twenty five male Wistar albino rats were grouped...
Scrotal circumference and body measurements of Yankasa rams following exposure to Cypermethrin
September 2017
This work was designed to access reproductive status of Cypermethrin treated rams by measuring the scrotal circumference, live weight, live testicular width and length as well as some physiological parameters to determine its reproductive and general toxicity in Yankasa rams. Sixteen rams aged 18 to 30 months and weighing between 21.5 and 46.5 kg were used for this study. The 16 rams were divided equally into two...
Investigation of antihypertensive effect of Nigerian varieties of Solanum lycopersicon on rats
September 2017
Hypertension remains a global challenge even in the 21st century with attendant increase in mortality rate. The quest for alternative management medications suffixed this investigation using three varieties. Thirty male hypertension induced wistar rats divided into 6 groups of 5 rats each were used. Group A served as the normal control group and was administered 0.9% normal saline as placebo. Group B, C and D were fed...
Administration of gentamicin-induced hematobiochemical and renal morphological alterations in Swiss albino mice
September 2017
Gentamicin is widely used as an effective antibiotic. A study was conducted to investigate the effects of intramuscular administration of gentamicin on 20, 5 to 6 weeks male Swiss albino mice weighing 25 to 30 g. The mice were divided into 4 groups: Group A (kept as control); groups B, C and D (treated with gentamicin intramuscularly daily at the dose rate of 5 mg/kg for 7 days, 5 mg/kg for 30 days, and 10 mg/kg for 30...
Effect of ayurvedic preparation 'Mrityunjay' in digoxin-induced arrhythmic rats
September 2017
Mrityunjay is a plant based ayurvedic preparation which is used in the treatment of high blood pressure as well as other cardiovascular diseases. It comprises of significant cardioprotective constituents. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Mrityunjay on digoxin-induced arrhythmia and lipid profile in rats. Rats were orally pre-treated with Mrityunjay at the doses of 0.28 and 2.8 mL/kg b.w. for...
Anti-inflammatory and non ulcerogenic activities of acetylbergenin
September 2017
Endopleura uchi (Huber) Cuatrec. (Humiriaceae), the Brazilian Amazon plant, is used in folk medicine to treat arthritis and gastric ulcer. Bergenin, one of the chemical constituents of E. uchi, has anti-inflammatory properties. Its acetylation results in acetylbergenin, which is extracted to investigate its potential anti-inflammatory and antiulcer properties using an assay for croton oil-induced ear edema, rat paw...
Phytochemical screening and toxicity profiles of crude extracts of Cissus quadrangularis L. and Solunum incanum L. in mice
September 2017
Plant derived bioactive molecules are always in demand and are the main focus of research. Despite the growing market demand for herbal medicines, safety of medicinal plants is still a concern. The present work aimed at generating preliminary phytochemical and biosafety information of crude methanolic and chloroform extracts of Cissus quadrangularis L. (aerial parts) and Solunumincanum L. (fruit). Both plants are...
Evaluation of the colo-protective effects of tadalafil in an experimental model of ulcerative colitis in rats
August 2017
Ulcerative colitis is a serious premalignant condition with a confusing multifactorial pathogenesis. It should warrant all attention by researchers, for exploration of new prophylactic or therapeutic drugs targeting its pathophysiology. The current study was conducted to study the possible role of tadalafil and its potential actions in ulcerative colitis rat model, induced by acetic acid. Forty eight male Wistar albino...
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