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This study was undertaken to determine the catch composition, length weight relationship and the condition factor of fish in Lake Turkana. Six field stations were sampled during the study covering a period of six months. An outboard motor boat was used to access the sampling sites while gillnet (mesh size ranging from 1.5-6.0 inches) was used as the fishing gear. The species caught were identified to species level and...
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Fifteen improved and two local genotypes of Vigna unguiculata were evaluated for their performance in grain yield, yield components and yield stability across years in: 2016, 2017 and 2018. Experiments were laid out in a Randomised Complete Block Design with three replications. Data were collected on grain yield and yield components, and subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and stability analysis for grain yield...
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Milk production could be responsible for zoonotic diseases which have public health and economic importance. The following study assessed knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) about zoonotic diseases among smallholder cattle farmers in Gicumbi District of Rwanda. The data were collected from 120 randomly farmers through a questionnaire, then coded and analyzed using SPSS software. The results show that the majority...
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Even though rice is becoming an important source of food in Ethiopia, land suitability studies in potential areas are limited. The objective of this study was to assess the suitability of the Borkena Plain, Northeast Ethiopia for rice cultivation. The data for this study were entirely dependent on the FAO (1985) document produced by the FAO/UNDP/ETH/82/010 project. Two methods namely simple limitation method and parametric...
Wheat Tan spot disease in Algeria : Risks factors and fungicides resistance
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Yellow leaf spot, also known as tan spot is a major disease of durum wheat in eastern Algeria. This disease is caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, the pathogen survives between cropping seasons on cereal stubbles as mycelium and can survives up to two years when the seasons are very dry. The persistence as well as the severity of this disease may be determined by five factors: monoculture, poor tillage sensitive...
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The study was conducted at Yabello district Borena zone, with the objective of assessing husbandry practices and performance evaluation of indigenous chicken populations. A total of 120 local chicken owner with three chickens were selected data collection. Descriptive statistics, a general linear model, univariate and multivariate analyses were used for data analysis. As a result, the main objectives of poultry farming in...
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A structured survey was conducted in Aneded district to assess the production performance of indigenous and exotic chicken. A formal structured survey was used to collect all the relevant data, using a multi-stage sampling technique. Six sub- district (three peri urban and three from rural area) a total of 60 village chicken owner households were considered for the study. The result revealed that the dominant (60.9%)...
Genotype Environment Interaction of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at Drought Stress Condition
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To explore genotype-environment interaction and identify stable genotypes in drought stress environments, an experiment was made at the research field of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh. Selected eleven wheat genotypes were evaluated in a randomized completely blocked design with three replications. Data were recorded on days to...
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The study was conducted to evaluate feeding value of sorghum varieties in laying hen performances. The 210 Bovan Brown hens, aging 22-33 weeks, were used and equally and randomly assigned to seven dietary treatments with three replications. Treatment rations were control i.e., T1 (0% inclusion of sorghum variety melkam [SVM]), T2 (20% SVM), T3 (30% SVM), T4 (40% SVM), T5 (20% inclusion of sorghum variety degalityellow,...
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Coffee is an important crop in the Kenyan economy as it’s the 3rd highest foreign exchange earner. However, its production has been deteriorating in the recent past due to various factors. Conducted in Meru County in three cooperatives, this study used questionnaires as data collecting instrument. The study sought to investigate the factors that have influenced the withdrawal of coffee farmers from coffee production. The...
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The significant role rice imports play in meeting the high demand for rice in most West African countries including Nigeria has made these countries to focus on increased rice production. Climate change is a vital environmental issue for sustainable development goals hence greenhouse gas emissions from paddy ecosystem is of great environmental concern. Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) is used in this study to ascertain the...
Work ethics and its impact on efficiency of workers performance of agricultural extension zone
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This study objective to identify commitment level of employees in the Department of Agricultural Extension of Baghdad Governorate through opinions and perceptions of respondents.If work ethics (respect of laws and regulations, justice sense, work perfection, respect for time and confidentiality, trust and responsibility, Integrity, transparency, cooperation and good treatment). Also, this study aimed to identify level of...
Impacts of exogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on biochemistry and growth of maize and soybean
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Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a four-carbon non-protein amino acid produced by plants that play an important role in metabolic homeostasis and energy balance. In this study, we evaluated the effects of exogenous application of GABA on antioxidant enzymes, photosynthetic pigments, total protein content, and growth of maize and soybean in four different regions of Brazil under field conditions. GABA was applied with...
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Thrips, Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on the cotton plant is an extremely invasive and destructive pest consequently reducing yield. Field studies were conducted at Werer Agricultural Research Center, Middle Awash, Afar, Ethiopia, for two consecutive years (2017 and 2018) to determine the effectiveness of different synthetic chemical insecticides for the control of Cotton thrips (Thrips tabaci) on the...
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Despite the fact that maize is a crucial cereal crop for food security, several foliar diseases are the main threats and limitations maize production in Ethiopia, resulting in low yields, particularly quality protein maize(QPM). Accordingly, national maize research program of Ethiopia has released QPM maize varieties adapted to the mid-altitude, low moisture stress and highland agro-ecologies of the country. Nonetheless,...
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The purpose of this paper was analyzed the tef value chain in selected zones of western Oromia to identify major tef value chain actors, assess major constraints and opportunities regarding tef, and estimate the margins of channels. Data were collected through surveys, key informants’ interviews, and focus group discussions. The data were analyzed by analytical and descriptive statistical tools. In the study areas, there...
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A study was undertaken over two cropping seasons, 2018/2019 and 2019/2020, to determine the economic injury level for carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) on tomato Solanum lycopersicum in Botswana. Tomato plants were infested with adult spider mites for durations of 0 (no exposure), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 weeks (complete exposure). The corresponding treatments were 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 and 0 sprays...
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Tef is the most important food and cash crop for more than 70 million people. It is the second-largest crop in terms of acreage, but its average productivity is lower compared to other that may arise from different factors. Therefore, this research was intended to assess the technical, allocative, and economic efficiency of tef producers, and factors affecting the technical inefficiency of tef producers using primary data...
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This study aimed to characterize cropping systems of greater nightshade (Solanum macrocarpon) in the market garden areas located along the coastal zone in the South. Socio-economic profile of producers, soil fertility management practices, constraints and nuisances related to the use of organic fertilizers, as well as the endogenous solutions desired by producers were collected from 120 producers in the communes of...
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Through the interpretation of soil attributes, it is possible to characterize the changes resulting from the adoption of different managements. The use of sustainable and conservationist production systems, such as the use of cover crops, has contributed to the improvement of the physical, chemical and biological attributes of the soil. This study aimed to analyze the effects of cover crops of brachiaria (Urochloa...
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The importance of adopting innovations for agricultural productivity is well known. However, adoption rates are generally sub-optimal. This study investigates the determinants for adopting innovations by rice farmers in Cameroon. A multi-stage sampling approach was employed to identify and collect data from 800 rice farmers; using a structured and pretested questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic...
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An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of metabolizeable energy (ME, kcal/kg) and crude protein (% CP) levels on the production performance, egg quality, hatchability, and fertility of the DZ-White chicken breed at Debre-Zeit Agricultural Research Center. A total of 594 twenty weeks age DZ-white chickens were randomly distributed to the nine dietary treatments, with 3*3 factorial...
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A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the problems associated with artificial insemination effectiveness in dairy cattle in four selected villages of Toke Kutaye district. Semi- structured questionnaires were developed for a total of 217 dairy cattle owners. In addition, four artificial insemination technicians and nine experts were involved in the interview process. The study indicated that 129 (59.4 %) of the...
Unlocking Major challenges to increasing coffee production in Tanzania
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The agricultural policies advocated by the Tanzanian government for the cooperative societies and the coffee sector have not been stable. Frequent policy changes have affected the sector, hindering the effectiveness of the institutions that deal with the coffee sector. Most of these policy changes have failed to foster the growth of coffee production. Despite the market potential of Tanzanian coffee, policies and...
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Liquid Cattle manure (LCM) has long been recognized to be very important organic fertilizer. This paper reports the effectiveness of different levels of LCM on the yield of maize (Zea mays L.), and soil properties. The study was carried out at Luannan Science and Technology Backyard (LSTB), Hebei province, China in the year 2020. The experiment was conducted in pot and has seven treatments with 10 replications: CK(without...
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South African democratic governments instituted several policies aimed at developing the capabilities of smallholder foresters to ensure economic inclusion and rural development. Skills development to build smallholder capabilities were deemed necessary to improve productivity, food security and conserve forestry resources. However, systemic blockages within the South African skills system hinder skills development,...
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The study was conducted to investigate the effect of social media on rice marketing innovation system in Fufore Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Data collected were analyzed using regression analysis. The result of Double Log Regression showed the goodness of fit correctness of the specified assumption of the composite error. Results revealed that the use of twitter was positively insignificant on the...
Enhancing Maize Yield in Ethiopia a Meta-Analysis
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Accurate nitrogen (N) fertilization and optimum plant density increases crop yields. In this study I report the effects of N fertilization rate and plant density on maize yield a meta-analysis, by using observations from 15 studies conducted in Ethiopia since the 2000s for possible refinement of N fertilizer and plant density recommendations. I assessed the response of maize to: different N rates ha?1 compared to the...
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The study determined farmers’ perception on e-extension as means of technology dissemination among crop farmers in Oyo state, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 210 farmers. Primary data was obtained using structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result revealed that the e-extension available to farmers in the study area was mobile phone (x? = 0.91)...
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Grid and quadrants size selection to determine crop density and spatial variability are still very controversial, either when accessing isolated sampling factors, either, combining both. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the ideal sampling grid and quadrant size to determine the crop density and spatial variability of African pumpkin (Momordica balsamina. L.). The trial was conducted in Pambara, Vilankulo district,...
Impact of Human Wildlife Conflicts on wildlife conservation in southwest Ethiopia
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The south western part of Ethiopia is the biodiversity hotspot of the country but the rising conflict between wildlife and human beings due to crop raiding has become a serious problem for wildlife conservation. The objective of this paper was to review the impact of crop raiding by wild animals on conservation in southwest Ethiopia. To write this paper I was surveyed different published and unpublished journal articles,...
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Onion (Allium cepa) is one of the most important vegetables grown for its nutritional and medicinal values. However, it is highly exposed to onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) which can cause severe yield loss in vulnerable varieties. A study was carried out at the Bindura University Farm Teaching Unit to evaluate the susceptibility/tolerance of ten commonly-grown Zimbabwean onion varieties to thrips infestation. The trial was...
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Maize (Zea mays L., 2n=20) is the first productive and sources of food in Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, mainly at Metekel zone. However striga weed, improved varieties and certified seed access are the major challenges. Therefore the objectives of this study were: to evaluate the agronomic performance of maize hybrids depend on different genetic parameters, genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation,...
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This research aimed at analyzing livelihood diversification and its effect on poverty status of rural households in the Kamba district, southern Ethiopia. To achieve this objective, cross-sectional data were collected from 394 randomly selected households of the district. A two stage sampling technique was used to select representative sample respondents. The data were analyzed using Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)...
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Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is an invasive insect pest and a major maize production bottleneck since 2016 in Ethiopia. A field experiment was undertaken in 2019/20 at Werer Agricultural Center to assess the effectiveness and economics of handpicking against S. frugiperda management on maize at Middle-Awash, Ethiopia. The treatments consisted of nine laid out into a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and...
Performance evaluation and identification of highland quality protein maize hybrids in Ethiopia
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Hybrid development from fixed inbred lines is one of the strategies for the improvement of maize production. Forty-two Quality Protein Maize (QPM) crosses along with three popular standard hybrids checks were evaluated in two replications using alpha lattice during the 2017 cropping season at three locations. The study aimed to evaluate and select the best new QPM hybrids for grain yield, and other traits. Significant...
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Evaluation of pepper genotypes for green pod purpose was carried out at Melkassa, Wonji and Fogera in 2018, 2019 and 2020 with the objective of identifying genotype by environment interaction and select elite lines of pepper from the genotypes. The data was subjected to analysis of variance, and means were obtained to perform the GGE-Biplot analysis. The graphic results showed variation in the performance of the genotypes...
Crop raiding and Attitude of local peoples towards wildlife conservation in Southwest, Ethiopia.
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Crop loss can undermine human welfare, conservation efforts and have an economic and social cost. This study was conducted to assess crop raiding and attitudes of farmers towards wildlife conservation along distance gradient from the forest edge, to surrounding the agricultural landscape of Yayu coffee forest biosphere reserve, south west Ethiopia. To conduct the data a total of thirty transects each 1km...
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Since the era of the monetary economy, monetary resources became a mandatory asset to cover various needs. Regarding the family farms, their needs can be grouped into two main categories: the needs as a family and those as a production unit. In Madagascar, for family farms, generating monetary resources remains a challenge due to various difficulties to link the agricultural outputs to the market. However, family farms...
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The variability in Agro-morphological and morphometric of 30 pigeon pea genotypes in two environments using seed image analysis was investigated. The experimental seeds were sourced from IITA, and IAR&T, Ibadan, Nigeria. An EPSON scanner was connected to a computer device to acquire an image of the seeds and the Regent instrument was used for the image analysis. For every replication, hundred seeds were placed on the...
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In Brazil, the most important disease in cassava crop is bacteriosis, which is caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis, The variety of substances found in plants has provided an increase in experiments using plant extracts, for in vitro control of phytopathogens. The objective of this work was to evaluate different extracts for the control of Xanthomonas axonopodis p.v. manihotis as well as to evaluate the...
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For decades, debates among African leaders have centred on possible solutions to the continent's food security dilemma. If not addressed, the continued increase in population density and the accompanying pressures from conflicting demands for land in many Sub-Saharan African nations, including Nigeria, have the potential to exacerbate the arable land situation in the near future. To achieve increased production, African...
Rice productivity and land ownership among rice farmers in Nigeria
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Access to land is a critical issue in agriculture production in developing countries; it affects farmers’ productivity and the adoption of improved agricultural technologies. Using a multi-stage random sampling technique this paper examines productivity and land ownership among rice farmers in two Nigerian states. Descriptive statistics, total factor productivity, and Multinomial Regression Model were employed. The result...
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The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of treated baobab (Adansoniadigitata) seed meal (TBSM) on blood constituents of broiler chickens. Three hundred broiler chickens (Anak) were allotted to five treatments replicated thrice with 20 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). The inclusion levels of the TBSM in the diets were 0, 10, 15, 20 and 25% for treatment 1 (Control), 2, 3, 4 and 5...
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Soybean is an economically important crop that provides oil and high-quality protein. In Burkina Faso, soybean is one of the promising crops identified in the framework of the strategy for the development of agricultural sectors. However, very few improved varieties have been developed. The identification of newly improved varieties with high agronomic potential and adapted to the climatic conditions will strengthen...
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Tree seeds of Milicia excelsa and Terminalia ivorensis always have seed germination difficulties. The main objective of this experiment is to study the seed germination of M. excelsa and T. ivorensis. In this study, a total of 1000 seeds of M. excelsa were tested using 9 pre-sowing treatments. On the other hand, a total of 300 seeds of T. ivorensis were tested using 2 pre-sowing treatments. Both tests were conducted at...
Economically Important of Sesame Insect Pests, Biology, Yield Damage, and Practice Management
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The current status of sesame insect pests in Ethiopia is reviewed. Sesame webworm, Antigastra catalaunali is the most common insect pest of sesame from seedling to harvest, causing a significant a seed yield loss. The pest life cycle took 24.13-25.99 days to complete. sesame seed bug, Elasmolmus sordidus the most serious pre-and post-harvest pest to sesame which causes a big weight loss during harvesting and threshing. In...
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A laboratory investigation to evaluate the use of Ocimum gratissimum, essential oil to control the development of Formicococcus njalensis, the main vector of Cocoa Swollen shoot virus (CSSV) in West Africa was conducted. Commercial biopesticides (Squad, Agriphy, Mycotal and Banole), the essential oil of O. gratissimum obtained by hydrodistillation were compared at the concentration of 0 µl.l-1; 1000 µl.l-1; 2000 µl.l-1...
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Non-availability of water during important growth stages is a major constraint reducing common bean productivity worldwide. Measures to develop water stress tolerance are hampered by inconsistent correlations and various mechanisms involved to screen many lines within stipulated time. Canopy temperature depression (CTD) has been recognized as an indicator of overall plant water status and speeds up the selection of plants...
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The study investigates the impact of foreign aid on agricultural research in Ethiopia for the period covering 2011-2020. The study revealed that donors’ allocations accounted for an average of 23% of the total funding received by the institute in 2020 in the form of loans and grants. The donor investment in agricultural research has been declining and has experienced negative growth rates over the past 5 years from 33% in...
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