The mixed hard ticks species (ixodidae) distribution in some selected areas of Afar Region
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This research gives an understanding to identify common tick species, which infest Afar cattle. Total of 3922 ticks were randomly collected from selected districts of Afar Region, Ethiopia. Generally, four genera of ticks were found: Abmlyomma, Rhipiciphalus, Hyaloma and Boophilus sub-type. The highest three ranking species are Rhipiciphalus pulchilis 34.5%, Rhipiciphalus evertsi 14.9%, Amblyoma hebraeum 13.5% and the...
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Ticks are notorious blood sucking insects causing irritation, restlessness, disease transmission, and lesion on the skin to animals and human. Tick invasion problem urges researching their behavior, geographical distribution, veterinary importance and species distribution statistics. Principal Component Analysis on the dynamics of hard tick species distribution with Generalized Linear Model in R base software was through....
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To analyze the dynamics of tick burden on Afar cattle R studio software base principal component analysis was through. The average tick burden counted was 19.14 ticks on individual animal, the maximum tick load was 129 and minimum was 0. Among the body predilection sites maximum tick burden was on ear 59 ticks, anus/vulva 57 were counted, while the lowest burden was neck 13 and abdomen 5 ticks. The level of burden in...
Mixed hard ticks (ixodidae) species burden count on afar cattle
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Cattle are exposed to various levels of parasite burden challenges. Among the common parasites ticks are identified as the most notorious threat to cattle due to sever irritation, toxic effect, allergy , means of diseases transmission, anemia and are of socio-economic and veterinary medicine importance. The motto of this research was to divulge the significance and degree of Ixodidea (hard ticks) invasion problem in some...
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Weeds are among the limiting factors that influence inter-competition for resources, hinder harvesting and low production of cashew (Anacardium occidental L.) in Tanzania. The current study determined the distribution, characteristics and management of Dichapetalum stulhmannii. Distribution study involved a survey for weed presence in south-eastern, Tanzania. The characterization involved assessing the growth and...
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Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an infectious disease of cattle, caused by a Lumpy Skin Disease Virus. It is an economically important viral disease of cattle affecting all ages and breeds that can be prevented by vaccination in endemic regions including Ethiopia. LSD is an OIE listed disease because of considerable financial losses and in Ethiopia due to the endemic nature of LSD; the country is facing serious difficulties in...
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This review investigates the role of agroecology as an intervention to fight hunger and promote sustainable food security among smallholder farmers. The aim of the paper was to review basic principles of agroecology, and discussed the current status of global hunger. Finally, the study reflected on the potential of agroecology in sustaining food security. In response to the unsustainable technologies of green revolution...
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Evidence contradicting the usual negative relationship between farm size and productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) casts doubt on the viability of a smallholder-led development strategy. This paper examine the relationship between farm size and total factor productivity by employing a Cobb-Douglas production and survey data from mainland Tanzania. Two important contributions are highlighted: (1) examine relationship...
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The Present study was conducted to find the effect of vermicompost application on yield and some other parameters of cabbage under highly weathered soils of Uganda. Five rates of vermicomposte (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 t/ha) were applied on cabbage, planted in plots and arranged in RCBD during three seasons with three replications each. Plant height, number of leaves and Leaf size were measured during the vegetative growth...
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Farmers in Ethiopia have traditionally practiced agroforestry to improve soil fertility. Yet, there is a paucity of information on the effects of scattered trees in farmlands on soil fertility. The study aimed to investigate whether scattered Faidherbia albida trees in farmers’ land in the Kenna District, Konso Zone, southern Ethiopia, affect soil properties. We selected three farmlands, and in each farmland, we designated...
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Livestock production sector could be responsible for zoonotic diseases which have public health and economic importance. The present study assessed knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) about zoonotic diseases among smallholder cattle farmers in Gicumbi District of Rwanda. The data were collected from 120 randomly farmers through a Semi-structured questionnaire, then coded and analyzed using Statistical Package of...
Physico-chemical properties of irradiated fresh tomatoes
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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of various levels of gamma irradiation on the physico-chemical composition of fresh tomatoes. Tomato samples were irradiated in a Co-60 gamma irradiator and maintained at 25 °C ± 2 storage conditions. The experiment was designed with five treatments of radiation dose (0, 0.5, 0.75 1.0, 1.5, and 2 kGy). Before irradiation, the initial composition of physical-chemical properties were...
The role of conservation agriculture in sustainable crop production: A Review
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The world human population is expected to increase from 7.7 billion in 2019 to 9.7 billion in 2050. To meet the world`s food demand, agricultural systems around the world are required to change from the current scenario to produce more food sustainably. In this regard Conservation Agriculture has been advocated as an agricultural system capable of attaining the sustainable intensification required to meet world food...
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Homegarden agroforestry system is recognized as inclusive and ecologically sound system. However, the recently observed change from enset-coffee based homegardens to cash crop khat, is expected to cause decline in tree species diversity and soil organic carbon. Thus, this study aimed at assessing the effect of traditional homegarden system change to khat based system on tree species diversity and soil carbon in Wondo Genet...
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This study identifies the factors affecting adoption of wheat row planting practices by smallholder farmers in the study area. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches to achieve the study’s goals were used. Moreover cross sectional research design using random sampling technique was employed and data were gathered from 141 respondents. Sample respondents were selected from sample frame based on random sampling...
Intercropping as a multiple advantage cropping system: Review
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The objective of this review paper is to organize relevant literature on the multiple advantages of intercropping system using the results of researches undertaken in different parts of the world. Accordingly, relevant materials including journal articles reviews and short communications were used to organize the review entitled “intercropping as a multiple advantage cropping system”. The review material can assist...
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The liquid obtained after anaerobic fermentation of pig manure (biofertilizer) from hoggery is beneficial for the supply of crop nutrients. This study was proceeded to the effect of irrigation by biofertilizer on crops. The irrigation area was set based on the amount of appropriate fertilization for nine crops in the crop fertilization manual (FI), and the application of chemical fertilizers were set as control...
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Ethiopian Mustard is a quick growing indigenous vegetable less documented in Zambia. A study was done to evaluate selected Ethiopian mustard genotypes for adaptability to Zambian environment. Seven genotypes - Mbeya Green, Mbeya Purple, Mustard-1, Arumeru, Chinasaki, Rungwe and RW-B-1 ex World vegetable Centre, Tanzania were used. The study was conducted at the University of Zambia under dry winter and wet summer...
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A factorial experiment (5*3) with three replications was conducted to assess the effects of three harvesting intervals on growth, productivity and nutrition of five Cenchrus ciliaris ecotypes. Ecotypes Ologoraing’ok namelock (On), Ologoraing’ok twanga (Ot), Nzingangata (Nz), Orupilipili (Op) and Iramata mtandika (Im) were harvested at 21 (T1), 28 (T2), and 35 (T3) days. Plant height (PH), tiller number (TNT), and leaf area...
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The main objective of this study was to access smallholder farmers’ perception of climate change and their response in adoption of climate adaptation strategies in the case of Karat Zuria Woreda, Konso Zone, Ethiopia. The totals of 153 farmers from three kebeles were randomly selected. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire survey, key informant interviews, focus group...
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Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important oil crop in the world. A significant genotype by environmental interaction (GEI) presents challenges in the selection of superior genotypes. The objective of this study was to identify stable and high yielding sesame genotypes. Accordingly, 16 sesame genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design at six distinct environments. All important data were collected and...
Politicking maize production subsidies, discordant policing and maize self- sufficiency in Zimbabwe
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This paper discusses the main challenges faced by Zimbabwe in attaining self-sufficiency in maize production. Being a staple crop, failing to achieve self-sufficiency in maize production would force the country to import maize thereby straining its limited foreign currency and crowding out more important imports like fuel and healthcare drugs. Focusing on experiences, views, and opinions from three districts in Mashonaland...
MUSCULOSKELETAL SYMPTOMS IN BRAZILIAN ANIMAL HANDLERS – A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
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Introduction: The animal handler performs activities such as feeding, restraining and transporting animals. This worker may develop musculoskeletal disorders resulting from working conditions. Objectives: To describe musculoskeletal symptoms in Brazilian animal handlers. Method: This study was carried out with the population of animal handlers in an Ecological Park. Initially, a sociodemographic and health questionnaire...
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Field experiments were conducted at ChukwuemekaOdumegwuOjukwu University, Igbariam research field in 2019 and 2020 cropping seasons. The objectives were to evaluate the biomass and grain yield of six sorghum cultivars (CSR01, Samsorg11, Samsorg40, Samsorg44, Samsorg45 and Samsorg46) under four plant densities (941760, 1333000, 2182000 and 5714000 plants/ha) constituted the treatments which were laid out in a randomized...
Role of inclusive finance in smallholder farmer’s growth and commercialisation in SADC
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Inclusive finance refers to the delivery of financial services and products that are available, accessible, and affordable to all segments of society, to achieve inclusive economic growth. In the Southern African Development Community (SADC), smallholder farmers are disadvantaged from accessing formal financial services and this has affected the commercialisation of smallholder farmers. This paper examines the role of...
Daily weight gain of goats until weaning receiving two schemes of mineral supplementation
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of commercial mineral supplementation and selective mineral supplements in which only elements known to be deficient in the animal's diet. In an experiment conducted in Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were analyzed: daily weight gain, nutritional and economic aspects of goats mixed breed receiving two types of mineral supplements. The sixteen...
EFFECTS OF POLICY REFORM ON SUPPLY RESPONSE OF SMALL-SCALE PADDY RICE PRODUCERS IN NIGERIA
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This study adopted the concept of marketed surplus to establish output supply response of paddy rice to input and output prices using cross sectional panel data produced by NBS in 2012/2013 and 2017/2018 later referred to in this report as period I and II respectively. A Tobit regression was performed on a semi-log functional form and the supply response elasticities estimated as products of coefficient of the marginal...
Plantleaf detection using Deep Learning
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Precision agriculture demands the recognition of plant species with help of distinct leaf characteristics such as form, texture, border, and colour etc. Plant leaf recognition has drawn special interest in the domain of computer vision.Existing models classifyspecific types of plants. These models classify limited number of plants at time. But there is need to recognize maximum number of plants in single model. This paper...
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This study aimed to identify fertilization options for improving cassava productivity and profitability in two contrasting regions of the Central African Republic. The Pissa (guinea forest) and Damara (savannah). The study adopted a randomized complete block design with four treatments replicated four times in a plot size of 7m by 7m. The treatments were; T1(Control), T2(Peasant practice), T3(sole NPK), and T4(Cow...
Evaluation of micro-irrigation and mulch systems on nectarine fruit production
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The study was conducted during 2018/2019 early summer season at Marondera University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology orchard which is located in region 11B. A factorial experiment to evaluate water use productivity, growth and development of nectarines tree under drip irrigation and different mulching treatments was done. A 2x4 factorial treatment of irrigation and mulching (no mulch, black plastic, grass and maize...
Protective Equipment Use By Veterinarians In Nigeria
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The transmissible nature of certain diseases makes anthropozoonosis an important hazard associated with veterinarians. For this reason, the attitude and compliance of veterinarians in Nigeria to personal protective equipment (PPE) use was studied using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Questionnaires were administered at the 2017 Veterinary continuing education seminar held at Akure (Ondo state),...
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During ripening, ‘Hass’ avocado fruit develops exocarp colour from emerald-green to purple, then black, which is regulated by anthocyanin; specifically, by cyanidin 3-O-glucoside. Branch girdling and maturity has been shown to increase carbohydrate accumulation and fruit colour in several fruit crops. This study determines the interactive effect between girdling and harvest maturity to improve avocado fruit exocarp colour...
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Most farmers in Tanzania implement risk reduction strategies of storing maize in local facilities and sell the grain soon after storage. The approach buffers against crop price fluctuation and market instability. This study aims at understanding the integration of hermetic bags technology to local storage facilities at smallholder farmers’ context and its contribution to maize crop net revenue. The Agronomic Survey (APS)...
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This study aimed to assess the production systems of the indigenous Tswana goats reared under typical smallholder farming settings in Botswana. A total of 310 households with Tswana goats were randomly selected from five agro-ecological regions of Botswana. Key structured questionnaires were used to collect baseline data on goats' socio-economic parameters, husbandry practises, breeding and selection, disease control,...
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The role of simulation models in understanding the processes in the soil-plant-atmosphere system has increased significantly in recent years. This is attributed to increased computing capabilities available today. Mathematical models, be it physically or empirically based, have the promising potential to explore solutions to water management problems. In the sub basin, frequent events of high and low rainfall, less work...
Survey of the distribution and severity of white mango scale in mango production in Eastern Ethiopia
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Mango production in Ethiopia is harmed by a number of arthropod pests particularly the White Mango Scales (WMS) is major pest of grave concern to mango growers. The main objective of this study was to assess the current status of WMS insect pest in Mango production and farmers’ knowledge about the pest in eastern Ethiopia. WMS distribution and severity specifically in the major mango growing areas East Hararghe, Harari...
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Bambaranut (BN) (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) is a nutrient rich, drought tolerant food legume that can contribute to food security and community resilience. In Uganda however, production and utilisation remain in relative obscurity. A study was conducted in Northern and Eastern Uganda to determine production and utilisation practices and identify challenges and opportunities for BN improvement. Primary data on...
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A field trial was conducted to assess the effect of the application of pulverized rhyolitic materials and poultry manure on the yield of cabbages and soil chemicals in the locality of Bandjoun, west Cameroon. The treatment with rhyolitic rock materials combined with poultry manure portrayed the best yield (= 51 000 kgha-1) followed by the treatment with poultry manure alone (= 27 000 kgha-1). Lower yields were obtained...
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The purpose of this study was to assess Pastoralists Perceptions towards Rangeland Degradation and Management practices in Pastoralist Dry Land Area among the Borana pastoral communities. Mainly the data for this particular study was collected from both primary and secondary sources. The primary data obtained through household questionnaires, key informant interview, focus group discussions and field observation while...
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The variation of some growth, agronomical and biochemical parameters of Vigna unguiculata (L. Walp) under salinity stress were investigated in the greenhouse and farm conditions. Plants were subjected to 0, 50, 100 and 200 mM NaCl. The increases of NaCl in the culture medium significantly (P< 0.001) decreased the growth parameters (number of leaves, noose diameter, leaf area and stem height), dry biomass (roots, shoots and...
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This study was undertaken to determine the catch composition, length weight relationship and the condition factor of fish in Lake Turkana. Six field stations were sampled during the study covering a period of six months. An outboard motor boat was used to access the sampling sites while gillnet (mesh size ranging from 1.5-6.0 inches) was used as the fishing gear. The species caught were identified to species level and...
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Fifteen improved and two local genotypes of Vigna unguiculata were evaluated for their performance in grain yield, yield components and yield stability across years in: 2016, 2017 and 2018. Experiments were laid out in a Randomised Complete Block Design with three replications. Data were collected on grain yield and yield components, and subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and stability analysis for grain yield...
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Milk production could be responsible for zoonotic diseases which have public health and economic importance. The following study assessed knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) about zoonotic diseases among smallholder cattle farmers in Gicumbi District of Rwanda. The data were collected from 120 randomly farmers through a questionnaire, then coded and analyzed using SPSS software. The results show that the majority...
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Even though rice is becoming an important source of food in Ethiopia, land suitability studies in potential areas are limited. The objective of this study was to assess the suitability of the Borkena Plain, Northeast Ethiopia for rice cultivation. The data for this study were entirely dependent on the FAO (1985) document produced by the FAO/UNDP/ETH/82/010 project. Two methods namely simple limitation method and parametric...
Genotype Environment Interaction of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at Drought Stress Condition
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To explore genotype-environment interaction and identify stable genotypes in drought stress environments, an experiment was made at the research field of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh. Selected eleven wheat genotypes were evaluated in a randomized completely blocked design with three replications. Data were recorded on days to...
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The study was conducted to evaluate feeding value of sorghum varieties in laying hen performances. The 210 Bovan Brown hens, aging 22-33 weeks, were used and equally and randomly assigned to seven dietary treatments with three replications. Treatment rations were control i.e., T1 (0% inclusion of sorghum variety melkam [SVM]), T2 (20% SVM), T3 (30% SVM), T4 (40% SVM), T5 (20% inclusion of sorghum variety degalityellow,...
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Coffee is an important crop in the Kenyan economy as it’s the 3rd highest foreign exchange earner. However, its production has been deteriorating in the recent past due to various factors. Conducted in Meru County in three cooperatives, this study used questionnaires as data collecting instrument. The study sought to investigate the factors that have influenced the withdrawal of coffee farmers from coffee production. The...
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The significant role rice imports play in meeting the high demand for rice in most West African countries including Nigeria has made these countries to focus on increased rice production. Climate change is a vital environmental issue for sustainable development goals hence greenhouse gas emissions from paddy ecosystem is of great environmental concern. Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) is used in this study to ascertain the...
Impacts of exogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on biochemistry and growth of maize and soybean
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Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a four-carbon non-protein amino acid produced by plants that play an important role in metabolic homeostasis and energy balance. In this study, we evaluated the effects of exogenous application of GABA on antioxidant enzymes, photosynthetic pigments, total protein content, and growth of maize and soybean in four different regions of Brazil under field conditions. GABA was applied with...
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Thrips, Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on the cotton plant is an extremely invasive and destructive pest consequently reducing yield. Field studies were conducted at Werer Agricultural Research Center, Middle Awash, Afar, Ethiopia, for two consecutive years (2017 and 2018) to determine the effectiveness of different synthetic chemical insecticides for the control of Cotton thrips (Thrips tabaci) on the...
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