A SURVEY OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS IN NAMIBIA SUPERMARKETS
Article in Press
The present study was carried out to survey genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in foods and feeds found in local supermarkets in Namibia. Little is known of the presence and prevalence of GMOs in the local supermarkets or information available on the labelling provided on some. The aim was to verify the presence of GMO’s in the foods and feeds using molecular extraction and screening methodologies. Nine samples (5...
Distribution of Mutations in G-6-PD Gene. A Review.
Article in Press
Exploring molecular techniques to unwind possible mutations in the exons, introns and promoter regions of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) gene is indispensable. Such information would improve neonatal health and haemolytic diseases including malaria control especially in malaria-endemic areas as the severity of these diseases is associated with the type of molecular variants. G-6-PD deficiency literature was...
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Bromelain is a proteolytic enzyme, which is prominently found in all parts of a pineapple plant (Ananas comosus). It has found immense applications in the pharmaceutical industry as well as the food, cosmetic, and leather industries. However, bromelain from the pineapple fruit peels is a less explored source for making valuable products. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the potential application of...
Anticancer and Antimicrobial Properties of Porous Starch Mediated Silver Nanoparticles
Article in Press
Health issues involving inadequate treatment of diseases like cancer and microbial infections continue to be the subject of much ongoing recent research. Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) were characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Zeta Sizer, Ultra-violet (UV), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated in selected gram-positive and...
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The interspecific rice hybrid of the Asian Oryza sativa and the African Oryza glaberrima, New Rice for Africa (NERICA-4) development was initiated due to threatening global food insecurities in part due to its desirable agronomical features compared to other NERICA cultivars. It is fairly tolerant to drought, has quicker growth rate and high yields. However, production is still faced by numerous challenges, leading to...
Meiotic Chromosomes Behavious in Chlorophytum stenopetalum Bak
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Chromosomes behavior at meiosis in Chlorophytum stenopetalum Bak. was investigated especially at pachytene /diakinesis and metaphase. The flower buds at right age were harvested, fixed in Cornoy’s solution (3 part of absolute alcohol and 1 part of acetic alcohol) and preserved in a refrigerator at -4°C for at least thirty minutes. The flower buds were then hydrolyzed in 10% HCl for 3-5 minutes. Prepared slides were...
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The ubiquitin/26S proteasome pathway is key to protein degradation in plants. Its specificity often orchestrated by ubiquitin-protein ligases (or E3s), which facilitate the translocation of ubiquitin to appropriate targets. F-box protein is one of the subunit of E3 ligases SCF (Skp1-Cullin/CDC53-F-box). It has been reported that F-box protein is not only related to plant growth but also abiotic stress. In this study, the...
HEAVY METALS AND VITAMIN CONTENT OF “KUNUN-ZAKI†DRINK, PULP AND THEIR FREEZE-DRIED FORMS
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Significant adverse health effects of certain heavy metals were reported in the dried samples of food. This study was aimed at evaluating vitamins, and heavy metals content of unsweetened/sweetened “kunun-zaki†drink/pulp, before/after lyophilizing. The material tested were unsweetened and sweetened “kunun-zaki†drink- UKD, and its pulp- UKP, sweetened “kunun-zaki†drink- SKD, and its pulp- SKP before and after...
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Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is an important disease of common bean worldwide. In Uganda, two commercial bush bean varieties NABE13 and NABE14 with acceptable red seed types are highly susceptible. Our objective was to transfer the Co-42 and Co-5 anthracnose resistance genes from donor parent G2333 to NABE14 using a backcrossing program aided by molecular markers. The SH18 and SAB3 markers were...
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Conventional vegetative propagation of sugarcane generally has low multiplication rate and allows distribution of diseases. This results in shortage of quality planting materials. Micropropagation is currently the only practical means of achieving rapid, large-scale production of disease-free quality planting material. Experiments on shoot tip culture initiation and shoot multiplication were laid out in completely...
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The study determine the in vivo antiplasmodial potential and protective properties of Azadirachta indica (Dongoyaro) ethanolic stem bark extract in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei NK65. The GC-MS, qualitative, quantitative and antioxidant scavenging activities of the stem bark extract of A. indica were determined using standard procedure. The acute toxicity and in vivo antiplasmodial activities of the extract were...
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'Tafach Shenkora' and 'Kay Shenkora' sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) are the names assigned to sugarcane varieties with accession numbers Acc. 43 and Acc. 139, respectively. They were developed by Sugar Corporation, Research and Development and were registered and released in June 2019 by the National Variety Releasing Committee of Ethiopia to growers in three sugar estates in Ethiopia. 'Tafach Shenkora' and 'Kay...
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Non biodegradability of plastics has discouraged its use and hence alternative eco friendly polyhydroxybutyrates have gained popularity. The use of cost effective and easily available substrates in the production of polyhydroxy butyrate (PHB) enhances its application and further reduces its cost and hence PHB can be efficiently used instead of plastics. The present work was performed to study the optimum production of...
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The Cotton Weevil is an insect that causes considerable losses to the cotton industry. Its larvae grow inside the cotton bolls, damaging them. It enters diapause during the winter and becomes active again in the first months of the year. Pheromone traps can be used to estimate their populations and implement control measures. This work analyzes samples of weevil populations collected in traps placed on mexican...
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF PROLACTIN GENE IN JAPANESE QUAIL (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
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This study was carried out to investigate the genetic diversity of prolactin gene (PRL gene) in Japanese quails using PCR-RFLP marker. One hundred and thirty nine quails were sampled for PRL loci analysis. DNA was extracted from the samples. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electrophoresis was used to characterize a 24 base pair (bp) insertion/deletion in a 358 bp PCR product. Test for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium were...
Phytoremediation: A general Review
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This paper makes a general review of phytoremediation emphasising a bit on phytoextraction, in terms of factors that affect it and possible enhancements of such factors for optimization. Phytoremediation is a diverse collection of plant-based technologies that are used to clean contaminants such as heavy metals and metalloids (HMs) from environments, especially soil and water bodies. HMs are toxic to most biota, but some...
Antifouling Activity of Amphiora anceps on Marine Diatoms: a Comparison with Copper Sulphate
Article in Press
The search for environment-friendly and non-toxic antifouling paint components has led to the investigation of natural products from seaweeds. The defence metabolites utilized by seaweed to deter redundant epibiosis have potential for harnessing and use in antifouling applications. A search for new non toxic antifouling paints has been tested in collected seaweed such as Amphiora anceps. The seaweed was extracted with...
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Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) is a major threat, limiting the fiber yield in Gossypium hirsutum. Resistance (R) genes are present in G. arboreum against this virus but these R genes are yet not known. Some resistance gene analogs (RGAs) of nucleotide binding site leucine rich repeats (NBS-LRR) have been reported in G. hirsutum. In the present study, RGAs from G. hirsutum and ESTs predicted as cell surface receptor genes...
CANE YIELD AND JUICE VOLUME DETERMINES ETHANOL YIELD IN SWEET SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)
Article in Press
Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) contains fermentable sugars in the stem that can be converted to ethanol. The current study aimed at evaluating the performance of three sweet sorghum genotypes with five checks and contributes towards availing suitable sweet sorghum for industrial ethanol production. Field studies were carried out in Kenya at varied locations in a randomized complete block design with three...
Stabilization of corn oil by phenolic camellia oil cake extract during storage
Article in Press
Camellia oil cake extracts was used as a source of phenolic compounds. Isopropanol, normal hexane and diethyl ether were evaluated as different solvents to extract these phenolic compounds which examined by Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The antioxidant potential of camellia oil cake extracts was measured by ferric reducing antioxidant power assay and results showed that the antioxidant activity strongly depend on the solvent....
Article in Press
Laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate the efficacy of botanical insecticidal materials against a major insect pest of stored beans, Acanthoscelides obtectus. The materials employed by small scale farmers to reduce the problem of bean postharvest losses caused by A. obtectus were identified and collected from Dar es Salaam and also from Kimuli and Mabira villages in Kagera region in Tanzania. The materials...
Article in Press
This study was conducted at the Experimental Farm of The Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena Governorate during three successive winter seasons of 2011/2012, 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 to improve green pod yield/plant (g) of field pea. The breeding materials used in this study were F3, F4 and F5 generations of the two field pea crosses Alaska X Little Marvel (population 1) and Alaska X Dwarf Gray sugar...
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Opuntia ficus indica is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and dermal burns. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the effects caused by the Opuntia ficus indica aqueous extract on serum and lipid parameters in white male rabbits (initial mean weight 1.95 kg). Rabbits were divided into two groups (n=6), the first group represented the control group,...
Article in Press
The aim of this research is to compare the potential of sweet potato and cocoyam peels (non-edible waste material) for bioethanol production using sequential monocultures of Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and co-cultures of Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Each sample was dried and ground; and was subjected to heat pretreatment. Direct fermentation of pretreated sweet potato and cocoyam peels...
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Breeding for durably resistant varieties is amongst the best strategies to exterminate the threat posed by stem rust race Ug99 of wheat. This race has continued to spread and ascertain itself as a danger to global wheat production and consequently food security. The continuous swift development of new DNA marker technologies has proved invaluable in breeding for durable rust resistance to stem rust race Ug99 and its...
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The phytochemical analysis of the male and female plant parts (leaves, flower and bark) of Carica papaya was investigated. The analysis revealed the presence of some plant bioactive components. There was a difference in the bio-active component of the male and female leaves, both leaves revealed the presence of alkaloid, tannin, phlobotanins, saponin, flavonoid, anthraquinones, phenol and cardiac glycosides. Terpenes,...
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Coconut oil has profound health benefits but the high content of fatty acids is a concern to many consumers, several processing methods have failed to produce oil with considerable change in fatty acid content. In this study, selected lactic acid bacteria including Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Enterococcus faecium were used to ferment coconut milk for production of virgin...
A novel method for DNA extraction from animal blood by adding bacterial lysozyme
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The DNA quality is one of the main conditioning factors for the individual identification. Therefore, appropriate methodologies are required for their extraction. A new DNA extraction method from sheep blood was implemented based on the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide method (CTAB 2%), 1) temperature changes, cell lysis and variation of washes (CTABM), and 2) addition of an incubation process with bacterial lysozyme...
Yield and Stability Analysis of Promising Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) Genotypes in Ethiopia
Article in Press
Nine mung bean genotypes were evaluated for grain yield performance at four locations in 2016 main cropping season. The experiment was arranged in 3x3 lattice design with three replicates. Additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) combined analysis of variance revealed that genotype, location and genotype x location interaction (GLI) significantly affected (p
Strain improvement of B. Parabrevis SR2729 for enhanced biodegradation of chlorpyrifos
Article in Press
Chlorpyrifos (CP) is of major concern for researchers and its biological degradation has been routinely practiced. Organophosphate hydrolase (OPH) responsible for the degradation of the agent was hyper-produced by the exposure of parental strain (PS) to EthBr for 70 minutes. Out of hundreds, the mutant strain SR2729-B (MS) showed 2.6 times greater zone of hydrolysis of CP, with OPH activity of 2.4 folds greater as compared...
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Tri-Phala residue (TR) was studied as a substrate for isoquercitrin and gallic acid productions by solid-state fermentation of A. niger in the packed bed bioreactor aerated at of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 vvm. The contents of biomass, isoquercitrin and gallic acid in the fermented TR along the height of the bioreactor were analyzed. The highest fungal growth rate was found on middle position in the SSF with 0.5 vvm aeration as...
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent systemic autoimmune disease, caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Here we performed 16S sequencing on 30 samples from rheumatoid arthritis patients and controls. We identified the presence of Prevotella copri as strongly correlated with disease in new-onset untreated rheumatoid arthritis (NORA) patients. Increases in Prevotella abundance correlated with a...
Article in Press
Developing high yielding cultivars with wider adaptability is the ultimate goal of any plant breeders. However, attaining this goal is complicated by genotype environment interaction. Sixteen cowpea lines including two standard checks were arranged in 4x4 triple lattice design and evaluated at seven locations for grain yield performance in 2016 main cropping season. Combined analysis of AMMI revealed that genotype,...
Qualitative Screening of Lipolytic Bacteria from Lipid–Rich Environmental Samples of Wolkite Town
Article in Press
Abstract The majority of lipolytic enzymes in industrial use are currently attracting an enormous attention because of their bio-technological applications. Lipase producing bacteria were isolated from five fat containing soils of oil mills, abattoir, garage, Sewage and cafeteria and were grown on nutrient agar. In order to identify the best lipid producing bacteria, the bacterial strain were screened in tributyrin...
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Molecular studies were carried out on two bacterial species isolated from iron ore mines of Agbaja in Kogi State, Nigeria. This is with a view to exploring their bioleaching potentials. Preliminary morphological and biochemical tests shows that the two bacteria strains belong to Acidithiobacillus and Leptospirillum species respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis conducted on the raw iron ore gave concentrations of iron to...
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Elucidation of mechanisms by which plants respond to stress is crucial for developing stress tolerant crops. Unlike plants, stress response mediated by eIF2α-kinases is well described in yeast and mammalian systems. We isolated a NaCl-tolerant mutant (JP2) with 35S enhancers upstream of AtGCN2. Under NaCl-stress, JP2 had 1.4 fold AtGCN2 transcripts than control. JP2 phenotype was however inconsistent, but prompted enquiry...
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This experiment was carried out at Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Teaching and Research farm during the late and early planting seasons of 2016 and 2017 to determine the efficacy of Tephrosia vogelii F. and Annona squamosal L. extracts on major insect pests of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thumb.) and their effects on nutritional content and fatty acid compounds of watermelon. This experiment was arranged in a...
Molecular diversity assessment using sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers in maize
Article in Press
Sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers were used to assess the genetic diversity and relationship among 11 inbred lines of maize (Zea mayL.) genotypes. Thirteen SRAP marker combinations were used out of which 11were found to be polymorphic with a PIC value of 0.632 discriminated all of the 11 Z. mays L. genotypes. The Jaccard’s similarity coefficients between pairs of genotypes were found to vary from...
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Echinopske bericho is an important endangered medicinal plant that is endemic to Ethiopia. The levels of genetic diversity and patterns of population structure in E. kebericho were studied using inter-simple sequence repeat markers (ISSR). Six selected primers were used to amplify DNA samples from 70 individuals, and a total of 79 loci were detected. Our results showed that genetic diversity was high at the species level...
Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and toxicity of plant biostimulants
Article in Press
The great expansion that in recent years has been in the use of plant biostimulants has underestimated the possibility of producing environmental risks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and toxicity of three different biostimulants (widely marketed in Brazil and exported to other countries) – A, B and C - on both plant and animal indicator organisms. In A. cepa, the...
Article in Press
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), is among the most important legume crop for protein source in peoples’ diet globally and including Kenya. Anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) is a common disease of legumes that causes yield loss of up to 90-100%. The aim of the study was to investigate the use of SSR molecular markers to identify anthracnose resistant common bean genotypes. Forty four selected common bean...
RAPD marker based Genetic diversity of Amaranthus population from different phytogeographic regions
Article in Press
Amaranths are most economically important group of plants, including leafy vegetables and ornamentals. Six different accessions of the same species of Amaranth were distributed from various places all over the India like Maharashtra, Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh. Correct genotype identification is important to evaluate the genetic diversity of local Amaranthus, and for efficient weed control and containing high nutritional...
Article in Press
A diallel study was carried out over two diverse environments in rice during 2011-12 by generating 36 F1s using 9 parents. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes together with significant G x E interaction for most of the characters studied. Estimates of and revealed that, the latter component of variance was greater in magnitude for most of traits for pooled data over environments and...
Beneficial Effects of Exogenous Silicon and Iodine in Lemon Balm Plants Subjected to Water Stress
Article in Press
Since exploring stress alleviant is one of the tasks of plant biologists, the aim of this study was to determine whether the application of exogenous iodine (80 µM KIO3) and silicon (Si, 0.35 g Na2SiO3 Kg-1 soil), can improve the response to severe water stress in lemon balm (Melissa Officinalis L.) plants. Water-deficit stress imposed negative effects on seedling growth by reducing shoot and root biomass, chlorophyll...
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Aspergillus terreus NCFT 4269.10 was used for extracellular protease production under liquid static surface (LSSF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) using powder of chickling vetch peels as the substrate. Maximum production of protease was noticed at 30°C incubated for 96h. The crude protease obtained was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis followed by size-exclusion chromatography using Sephadex G-100...
Essential oils from Eupatorium sp as source of deterrent compounds against drywood termite: A review
Article in Press
Plant products with deterrent activities can become good, environmentally safe, alternative preservatives to protect, preserve, and treat damaged pinewood. The repellent and anti-feedant effects they have shown are specifically against pinewood borer insects. Therefore, it is advisable to use the natural resources available to adequate them into the control pest management. There is an abundant number of plant species of...
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Turmeric is an herbaceous perennial crop which is native of the genus Curcuma longa L., belonging to family Zingiberaceae. It has versatile uses in flavouring, dye making, drug preparation, cosmetics and medicine. The turmeric plant highly prone to several fungal diseases, among them leaf spot disease of turmeric resulting to huge losses of 25.83 to 62.12% fresh weight and 42.10 to 62.10% dry weight of rhizome.The five...
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In vitro studies on tolerance of selected biocontrol agents to certain agrochemicals used in tea (Camellia sinensis)
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Different fruit wastes are major environmental polluters however; they can also be exploited to produce energy. The presented study was to evaluate the alcoholic yield from locally available Avocado and banana peels. Different substrates combinations were made for Avocado and Banana peels. The fermentation was allowed for 4 consecutive days using Saccharomyces Cerevicea. The alcoholic yield was extracted by simple...
Phenotyping identification of Candida albicans from oral cavity of immunosupperesed patients
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The present study was Candida albicans identification from oral swabs of immunocompramised patients for further reference. A total of 38 oral swabs from the oral thrush patients were collected and inoculated on Sabourauds dextrose agar for primary isolation. After appearance of the colonies on SDA, individual colony is tested for identification of different species of candida albicans on the basis of biochemical and...
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