August 2011
Biological control agent for mosquito larvae: Review on the killifish, Aphanius dispar dispar (Rüppel, 1829)
This review attempts to give an account on the recent advances on the killifishAphanius dispar dispar as a biological control agent for mosquito larvae. Thirty six(36) articles of literature (scientific papers, technical and workshop reports) on this subject covering the period between 1980 and 2009 were reviewed. The larviciding process by using chemicals to control mosquitoes in the past resulted in a very...
August 2011
Molecular characterization of Citrus tristeza virus isolates from Pakistan based on CPG/Hinf I restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) groups analysis
From six different districts of Punjab, Pakistan, 85 isolates of Citrus tristeza virus(CTV) were collected and characterized based on coat protein gene (CPG) analysis. All isolates were collected from field trees showing various CTV symptoms such as decline in most citrus varieties, inverse pitting on some sour orange rootstocks below bud union, mild-to-moderate stem-pitting on the trunk of some sweet orange....
August 2011
MicroRNA expression profiling during upland cotton gland forming age by microarray and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR)
Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) have important impacts on growth, development, flowering, metabolism and response to stress. Studies indicate that post-transcriptional processes are important for regulating gene expression during development. However, we still have very limited knowledge on the regulatory mechanisms associated with this process. In particular, the function of miRNAs during gland morphogenesis in cotton...
August 2011
Effect of dietary n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio on prostaglandin plasma levels and genes expression peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) in pregnant Sprague Dawley rats
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a family of nuclear transcription factors thought to act as receptors for polyunsaturated fatty acids and to reduce production of series 2 prostaglandins (PG). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different ratio n-6:n-3 on the PPAR expression of rats endometrial tissue. The findings obtained from this study showed significant...
August 2011
DNA fingerprinting for the authentication of Ruta graveolens
Ruta graveolens is a small aromatic shrub and has been used medicinally and magically, since ancient times. In this study, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was employed to develop reproducible markers for authentication of this species from its adulterant Euphorbia dracunculoides. The random decamer oligonucleotide primers (42) were screened for identification of genuine and adulterant...
August 2011
Identifying leaf rust resistance gene Lr19 in durum wheat using simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker
Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks., is an important disease affecting durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) worldwide, particularly in the Mediterranean region. The disease can be controlled through the use of plant host resistance. Based on seedling resistance tests of 103 durum genotypes against a bulk of P. triticina, urediniospores were previously collected from Syria and...
August 2011
Antisense-induced suppression of taxoid 14β-hydroxylase gene expression in transgenic Taxus × media cells
The enzyme taxoid 14β-hydroxylase (14OH) directs a side-route of taxol pathway to 14β-hydroxy taxoids. Suppression of this side-route could increase the production of taxol. To suppress taxoid 14β-hydroxylase gene (14OH) expression in the Taxus× media TM3 cell line, antisense RNA inhibition approach was used in this study. Following the construction of an antisense RNA expression...
August 2011
Effect of explant plant source and acetosyringone concentration on transformation efficiency of wheat cultivars
Gene introduction into crop plants through genetic manipulation is a better alternative to conventional breeding for the improvement of stress tolerance.Agrobacterium-mediated transformation offers precise integration of genes into the genome with enhanced transgene stability. There are a number of factors which influence the rate of genetic transformation. The theme of this study is to exploit the explant source and...
August 2011
The effect of gibberellins on sprouting of cuttings and quality of bush tea (Athrixia phylicoides DC)
A study was conducted to determine the effect of gibberellins on sprouting of cuttings and subsequent quality of bush tea (Athrixia phylicoides DC). The study was conducted under a 40% shade net with light/shading as a gradient. Treatments consisted of gibberellins (Progibb 40%) applied at various rates as follows: 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4%, arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD)...
August 2011
Effects of single and combined inoculations of selected Trichoderma and Bacillus isolates on growth of dry bean and biological control of Rhizoctonia solani damping-off
Six Trichoderma isolates, Trichoderma atroviride strain 3A, T. atroviride strain 6,Trichoderma harzianum, strain SY, Trichoderma pseudokoningii, an unidentified strain Trichoderma sp. strain 2F and T. harzianum strain kmd and three Bacillus subtilis isolates, B. subtilis B69, B. subtilis B77 and B. subtilis B81,...
August 2011
Effects of single and combined inoculations of selected Trichoderma and Bacillus isolates on growth of dry bean and biological control of Rhizoctonia solani damping-off
Six Trichoderma isolates, Trichoderma atroviride strain 3A, T. atroviride strain 6,Trichoderma harzianum, strain SY, Trichoderma pseudokoningii, an unidentified strain Trichoderma sp. strain 2F and T. harzianum strain kmd and three Bacillus subtilis isolates, B. subtilis B69, B. subtilis B77 and B. subtilis B81,...
August 2011
In vitro performances of hypocotyl and cotyledon explants of tomato cultivars under sodium chloride stress
A plant tissue culture technique is a good method for the evaluation and screening of plant genotypes for salt tolerance. In vitro evaluations of sodium chloride (NaCl) effects on two tomato cultivars (Pearl and Beril) were investigated with four NaCl levels (0, 25, 50 and 75 mM) using hypocotyl and cotyledon explants. The explants were cultured in MS media having 2.0 mg/l BAP along with...
August 2011
The effect of salinity on the growth, morphology and physiology of Echium amoenum Fisch. & Mey.
The salinity of water and soil decreases the growth and yield of agricultural products. Salinity affects many physiological and morphological processes of plant by influencing soil solution osmotic potential and ion absorption and accumulation of minerals. To evaluate the effect of salinity on some physiological and morphological characteristics of the medicinal plant of Echium amoenum, an experiment was...
August 2011
Salt tolerance in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) seedlings
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of salt stress on germination of 28 red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) populations collected from Black Sea Region of Turkey. Seeds were germinated in 0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 mM NaCl concentration. Germination percentage (%), mean germination time (MGT), promptness index (PI), root and shoot length (mm) were measured to determine the salinity tolerance on red...
August 2011
The effect of zinc application methods on seed cotton yield, lint and seed quality of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in east Mediterranean region of Turkey
The effect of different zinc application methods on seed cotton yield, yield components, lint and seed quality of cotton was investigated under east Mediterranean region conditions (Kahramanmaras, Turkey) in 2008. Experimental design was split plots with three replications. The cotton varieties: Agdas-3, Agdas-17 and Maras-92 (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were plant materials. Zinc application treatments were seed, soil...
August 2011
Management of Meloidogyne incognita in nematode-susceptible watermelon cultivars using nematode-resistant Cucumis africanus and Cucumis myriocarpus rootstocks
Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cultivars are highly susceptible to the southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita), with considerable yield losses when this nematode is not managed. Empirical evidence suggested that wild watermelon (Cucumis africanus) and wild cucumber (Cucumis myriocarpus) were highly resistant to M. incognita race 2. The objective of this study was two-fold; viz. to determine whether...
August 2011
Determination of chromosomes that control physiological traits associated with salt tolerance in barley at the seedling stage
Salt stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses, and plays an important role in reducing the yield of crops worldwide. It is now recognized that tolerance to salinity is genetically and physiologically complex and also inherited quantitatively. Barley is a short-season, early maturing, diploid and self pollinating crop, thus it is an ideal model plant for genetic and physiological studies of salinity...
August 2011
Histochemical localization of cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase during the developmental stages of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal is a promising herb that has been used as both traditional and modern therapeutic agent by virtue of its bioactive compounds especially withanolides. Earlier in vitro studies revealed the relation between cytokinin (CK) level and biogeneration of withanolides. The information on the cytokinin metabolism in W. somnifera is lacking. The role of enzymes involved in...
August 2011
Assessment of cytological and morphological variation among Iranian native Iris species
In order to study the morphological and cytological variation among Iranian nativeIrises, first, morphological traits were analyzed in order to clarify taxonomic relationships among taxa and validity of diagnostic characters. Floral and vegetative characters were measured in 54 plant samples belonging to five species during peak of the flowering season in 2008. Analysis of variance showed significant differences....
August 2011
Effect of sulfur and iron fertilizers on yield, yield components and nutrient uptake in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under water stress
To evaluate the effects of sulfur and iron fertilizers on yield, yield components and nutrient uptake in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under water stress, a field experiment was conducted as split factorial design with three replication at Dezful, Khuzestan, Iran. Two irrigation regimes were used (well-watered and water-limited) as the main plots and subplot consisted of three levels of sulfur (B1 = 0, B2 = 100...
August 2011
Effects of wild boar (Sus scrofa) on farming activities: A case study of Turkey
The aim of the present study is to determine the effects of wild boar (Sus scrofa) on farming activities in Samsun, Turkey. The presence and damages of wild boar was monitored by means of direct and indirect observations. Wild boar was the main cause of the decision made by farmers, concerning which area they want to cultivate. Intensity of damage was high in areas close to the woodland areas. Crops losses, from areas...
August 2011
Bioremediation of petroleum refinery effluent by Planococcus halophilus
In the present investigation, Planococcus halophilus was screened for hydrocarbon degradation and bioremediation of refinery effluent. The test organism, P.halophilus, showed the capability to utilize kerosene as carbon source in minimal medium. Biological treatment of the refinery effluent with P. halophilus reduced the oil and grease and sulphide content to about 91.2 and 28%,...
August 2011
Isolation and characterization of three thermophilic bacterial strains (lipase, cellulose and amylase producers) from hot springs in Saudi Arabia
Three strains of thermophilic bacteria were isolated from two different hot springs in Saudi Arabia. These strains were designated M4 and M5 which were isolated from Al-Khoba hot spring and Sh3 which was isolated from Al-Arida hot spring. Cells are Gram positive-stain, strictly aerobic, grew optimally at pH 7.5 to 8.5 and temperature of 55 to 60°C, and tolerated maximally 10% (w/v) NaCl. The three isolates were...
August 2011
Effect of growing degree days on autumn planted sunflower
Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) having high degree of adaptability under wide range of climatic conditions, allow the crop to be productive in broad range of environments. Field experiments in autumn were laid out at Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan for two years (2007 and 2008), to document the effect of growing degree days (GDD) on the performance of sunflower hybrids. Four...
August 2011
Different patterns of transcriptomic response to high temperature between diploid and tetraploid Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H.
Polyploidy is an important evolutionary force in plants and may have significant impact on plant breeding. In this study, expression changes between diploid and tetraploid Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. under control and high temperature conditions were investigated by sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP)-cDNA display approach. Up to 2.7% of the expression changes induced by genome doubling were...
August 2011
Postharvest quality of carrot cultivars, packaged and in bulk
This study aimed at evaluating the postharvest durability of different carrot cultivars stored in bulk. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four repetitions. The treatments were arranged in a 3 x 2 factorial design comprising three cultivars (Brasília RL and AF-1620 from SAKATA, and Alvorada from EMBRAPA) and two forms of conservation (on polystyrene trays covered with PVC plastic film...
August 2011
Polymorphisms of the DNA repair gene XPD (751) and XRCC1 (399) correlates with risk of hematological malignancies in Turkish population
Polymorphisms that occur in DNA repair genes affect DNA repair capacity and constitute a risk factor in hematological malignancies. This study, was aimed to investigate whether xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group D (XPD) and x-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) gene polymorphisms were involved in the susceptibility to different hematological malignancies. The genotype and allele frequencies were...
August 2011
Nitric oxide level and von Willebrand factor (vWF) secretion are not candidate markers of endothelial cell dysfunction in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depleted endothelial cells
Endothelial cells under physiological conditions can alter energy balance by alteration in synthesis, metabolism and transport of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which failed during endothelial cell dysfunction. ATP depleted endothelial cells are unable to perform their physiological functions as energy dependent protein secretion. Isolated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) from fresh umbilical...
August 2011
Subcelluar localization of orf126 of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus
In order to explore the mechanism of orf126 of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedro virus, the subcellular localization of ORF126 was conducted. The egfp gene was fused with the C-terminal of orf126 genes, BmN cells were transfected with different plasmid DNA and the superinfection were performed at 12 h post transfection. The fluorescence was examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy...
August 2011
Anti-tumor potential of total alkaloid extract of Prosopis juliflora DC. leaves against Molt-4 cells in vitro
The total alkaloid extract from Prosopis juliflora DC. leaves was obtained using acid/base modified extraction method. The in vitro anti-tumor potential of the extract was evaluated using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2yl)2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) based cytotoxicity monitoring after 24, 48 and 72 h exposure of the MOLT-4 cells (1×106 cells/ml medium) to different concentration of the...
August 2011
Simple and efficient methods for isolation and activity measurement of the recombinant hirudin variant 3 from Bacillus subtilis
A simple purification approach of the recombinant hirudin variant 3 from the Bacillus subtilis was established, by which the hirudin could be purified to the purity of 95% through one-step chromatography with the total recovery rate of 83.9%. A modified Markwardt thrombin titration method for measuring hirudin activity was also set up.Briefly, a series of concentrations of thrombin was prepared and titrated to...
August 2011
Catalase epitopes vaccine design for Helicobacter pylori: A bioinformatics approach
Bioinformatics tools are helpful for epitopes prediction directly from the genomes of pathogens in order to design a vaccine. Epitopes are sub-sequences of proteins (8 to 10 mer peptides) which bind to MHC to interact with the T cell receptors and stimulate immune responses. Finding a suitable vaccine against Helicobacter pylori is necessary, because of high prevalence of the infection (25 to 90%). Moreover,...
August 2011
Palynological studies in tribe Chlorideae (Poaceae) from salt range of Pakistan
Pollen morphology of five species belonging to three genera of tribe Chlorideae (Poaceae) was examined by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy. The studies showed that pollen in all species were circular in polar view, however, there are variations in equatorial view of pollen and other quantitative characters that is, polar and equatorial diameter, pore diameter and exine thickness, that are...
August 2011
Waste cooking oil transesterification: Influence of impeller type, temperature, speed and bottom clearance on FAME yield
Waste cooking oil (WCO) provides an alternative source of raw material for biodiesel production. The reaction is both kinetics and mass transfer limited. Industrial use of current laboratory result suffer from dimensional non-compatibility because of the difference in the production environment especially as different impeller result in different flow characteristic during chemical reaction. In this work the...
August 2011
Comparative analysis of the activity of two promoters in insect cells
Insect cell expression system is widely used for the production of many thousands of recombinant proteins. Non-lytic vector-based expression provides a reliable result for investigating gene functions and molecular pathways, because baculovirus-mediated expression will lyse cells eventually. There are currently two major commercial vector providers. The pIB/V5-His vector from invitrogen uses the OpIE2 promoter and the...
August 2011
A comparative study of lyophilized bovine pericardium and tunica parietalis vaginalis for repair of large abdominal wall defects in a rabbit model
The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of lyophilized bovine pericardium and tunica vaginalis in repairing large abdominal wall defect in a rabbit model. Full thickness (all the layers of muscles except the skin) abdominal wall defects (3 x 4 cm) were created in 18 anaesthetized male clinically healthy New Zealand white rabbits and randomly divided into two equal group (n= 9 each). The defects of the...
August 2011
Effect of autoclave processing and gamma irradiation on apparent ileal amino acids digestibility of cottonseed meal in male broiler breeders
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of autoclaving and different doses of gamma irradiation on the apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids of cottonseed meal in male broiler breeders. Samples were irradiated in a gamma cell at total doses of 15, 30 and 45 kGy. One package (control) was left at room temperature: Similar to the other treatments, evaporation decreased the moisture content of the...
August 2011
Effects of sublethal doses of chlorfluazuron on the testicular biochemical constituents of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
The effects of sublethal doses (LD10: 1.00 ng/larva; LD30: 3.75 ng/larva) of chlorfluazuron on the amounts of testicular biochemical constituents of the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura (F.) was described. Chlorfluazuron was applied topically to newly ecdysed fifth-instar larvae under laboratory conditions. Sublethal doses of chlorfluazuron significantly reduced the amount...
August 2011
Effect of controlled and uncontrolled cooling rate on motility parameters of cryopreserved ram spermatozoa
Ram spermatozoa are sensitive to extreme changes in temperature during the freeze-thaw process. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of two cooling method (controlled-rate and uncontrolled-rate) on pre-freezing and post-thaw sperm motility parameters. Ejaculates were collected using the artificial vagina from four Chal rams and diluted with a Tris-based extender and packed in 0.25 ml straws. Then, the...
August 2011
In vitro investigation of the repellent effects of the essential oil of Lippia javanica on adults of Hyalomma marginatum rufipes
A suitable in vitro tick climbing repellency bioassay was developed to evaluate the repellent effects of the essential oil (n-hexane extracts of distillate) of Lippia javanica(Burm. F.) Spreng (Verbernaceae) on adults of Hyalomma marginatum rufipesKoch, 1844. The GC-MS analysis of the distillate of the essential oil of Lippia javanica revealed that myrcene (13.4%), 1,8-cineole (8%),...
August 2011
Bone marrow stromal cells implantation and suture repair of peripheral nerve: A comparative study of functional, histopathological, morphometric and relative gastrocnemius muscle weight in rabbits
The peripheral nervous system has the ability to regenerate after injury. Peripheral nerve injuries are caused by penetrating injury, crush, traction and ischemia compression. However, the availability of various nerve coaptation and other techniques for the attainment of functional nerve regeneration is still inadequate. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs)...
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