Microbial production of textile grade pigments
November 2017
Biological pigments or biochromes are substances produced by living organisms and have a color resulting from selective color absorption. A total of 37 isolates of Actinomycetes and 2 bacteria were isolated from 26 different soil samples collected from different habitats of Kerala. The isolates were screened for pigment production. The effect of pigment production by the strains on various carbon and nitrogen...
Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon by Micrococcus sp. in form of wax ball
November 2017
Hydrocarbon containing compounds like diesel, crude oil and petrol cause environmental pollution. Hydrocarbon contaminated sites contain large amount of microbial community adapted for utilizing these compound as a source of carbon and other metabolic activities. A study was conducted in order to isolate the micro-organism from hydrocarbon contaminated sites for petroleum degradation. The soil sample was collected from...
Effect of surfactants on lignin modifying enzyme activity of Ganoderma species KX879638 and Lentinus species KY006984 under solid state fermentation
November 2017
Lignin modifying enzyme (LME) activity [laccase, lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP)] was studied in two indigenously isolated white rot fungi, Ganoderma species KX879638 and Lentinus species KY006984 under solid state fermentation (SSF) of wheat bran and saw dust supplemented with various non-ionic polysorbate surfactants (Tweens) and Triton X-100. Both fungal species proved to be highly ligninolytic...
Production of antimicrobial agents by Bacillus spp. isolated from Al-Khor coast soils, Qatar
November 2017
Bacilli are Gram-positive, sporulating bacteria that can be found in diverse habitats, but mostly in soil. Many recent studies showed the importance of their antimicrobial agents that mainly target other Gram-positive bacteria. This study was conducted to assess the antibacterial activity of Al-Khor coastal soil Bacillus strains against four bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis, Escherichia...
Milk ring, rose bengal tests and conventional PCR based detection of Brucella abortus infected dairy cattle in Bangladesh
October 2017
The objective of this study was to detect dairy cattle infected with Brucella abortus from Jamalpur, Rangpur districts and Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm (CCBDF), Savar, Dhaka in Bangladesh. Both milk and serum samples of 510 dairy cattle were initially screened by milk ring test (MRT) and Rose Bengal Test (RBT). Twelve samples positive in both MRT and RBT were further confirmed by conventional polymerase chain...
Diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella strains isolated from different sources in Burkina Faso
October 2017
Epidemiologic and traceback evidence of Salmonella infection is not much in many developing countries including Burkina Faso. This study investigates the antimicrobial resistance and distribution of Salmonella serotypes isolated from diverse sources in Burkina Faso. 615 Salmonella serotypes isolated from beef meat, poultry carcasses, poultry, swine, cattle, hedgehog, fish, salad, channel and humans from 2009 to 2011...
Comparative evaluation of the antimicrobial profile of Moringa leaf and seed oil extracts against resistant strains of wound pathogens in orthopedic hospitals
October 2017
The antimicrobial profile of oil extracts from Moringa oleifera leaves and seeds on orthopaedic wound pathogens was tested and compared with the antimicrobial activity of some antibiotics. The pathogens were characterized using biochemical and morphological tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done on the pathogens using paper discs diffusion method. Plasmid curing was done on the isolates that showed resistance...
Study of kefir biofilm associated with hydroethanolic extract of Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açai)
October 2017
Kefir is a microbial complex capable of producing biofilms. This study aims to obtain biofilms associated with hydroethanolic extract of Euterpe oleracea Mart. (BEHEEo) as fixing method of recovery anthocyanins in kefir biofilm. Thus, BEHEEo formation kinetics was made at different concentrations of aqueous extract of E. oleracea, of kefir grains (KG) and of brown sugar (BS). Thereafter, macro and microelements of...
Bacterial and fungal etiologies of meningeal irritation syndrome in an emergency department
October 2017
Meningeal irritation syndrome denotes to a range symptoms that require emergency management. Clinically, it is an expression of an irritation of the meninges combining with headache, fever, neck stiffness, altered consciousness and vomiting. The aim of this prospective study was to contribute to the management of medical emergencies. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples recovered from patients presenting signs of meningeal...
Endophytic bacteria isolated from ipê mirim (Tecoma stans Bignoniaceae) and its application for plant growth promotion
October 2017
Endophytes are usually protected from soil environment competitiveness and stress. However, the presence of heavy metals can negatively affect the structure and diversity of endophyte communities. The aim of the present study was evaluate the diversity of endophytic bacteria from ipê mirim (Tecoma stans Bignoniaceae) grown in an area of Atlantic rainforest contaminated with metals and evaluate the ability of these...
Effect of EDTA on biofilm formation and antibiotic susceptibility of multidrug resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli clinical isolates in Egypt
October 2017
Urinary tract infections are mainly caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Biofilm-producer UPEC tends to have a high level of resistance to antibiotics and this leads to recurrent episodes of urinary tract infections. The study tested the effect of a non-antibiotic adjuvant, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics and biofilm formation by multidrug resistant (MDR)...
Cholesterol reduction in vitro by novel probiotic lactic acid bacterial strains of Enterococcus isolated from healthy infants’ stool
October 2017
The present study aimed to isolate and evaluate the potentiality of some probiotic lactic acid bacteria from infants stool to degrade and reduce cholesterol level in fermentation medium. Out of 50 lactic acid bacterial isolates recovered from healthy infants (3 to 18 months old) stool, two bacterial isolates W7 and Y1 showed highest cholesterol reduction percentage (68.38 and 71.6%, respectively). The cholesterol...
Screening of rural scavenging birds for the presence of detectible protective Newcastle disease antibodies in some selected rural communities of Plateau State
October 2017
A sero-prevalence study was conducted to determine the level of detectible protective antibody titre using the haemagglutination (HA) and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests. Serum samples were collected from four hundred and eighty seven unvaccinated rural scavenging chickens from five selected rural communities, including Du, Chaha, Chakarum, Chele and Ngo’hong in Jos South Local Government Area of Plateau...
Morphophysiological and molecular characterization of wild yeast isolates from industrial ethanol process
October 2017
Wild yeasts are commonly found during the fermentation process, displaying different survival and competition strategies that commonly enable their successful spread in the medium. Identifying these yeasts by biological and molecular monitoring, and knowing their traits is vital for the fermentation yield, and this can be done by simple methods such as differential mediaplating, growth rate evaluation and DNA...
Distribution of Aspergillus and Fusarium ear rot causative fungi in soils under push-pull and maize monocropping system in Western Kenya
October 2017
It is imperative to establish the distribution and density of soil fungal communities as a requisite for formulating strategies for management of ear rot infections and mycotoxin contamination. In a two seasons study, short (SR) and long rainy (LR) seasons, we investigated the distribution of Aspergillus and Fusarium fungi causing ear rots and producing mycotoxins from 120 soil samples collected from maize fields under...
Effect of phosphorus fertilization on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the Bambara groundnut rhizosphere
October 2017
Tropical soils are highly leached, abundantly clayey and strongly acid, resulting in low mineral availability and especially phosphorus (P). The plants of this region must establish symbiotic relationships enabling them to strengthen their hydromineral nutrition. The aim of this work was to study the effect of P fertilizer application on the diversity of arbuscular mycorhizal fungi (AMF) under the rhizosphere of three...
Urinary tract infection among children and adolescents of Garhwal Region of Uttarakhand, India
September 2017
Urinary tract comprises of kidney, ureter, urethra and genital organ and under normal circumstances these organs are sterile. Inflammation of these organ and parts may indicate the possibility of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). It may be due to the colonization of wide range of bacteria either from normal microflora that is Escherichia coli or from other Gram negative or Gram positive bacteria. The present study was...
Detection and genotyping of rhinovirus from exacerbated asthmatic patients in Baghdad, Iraq
September 2017
Asthma is a chronic disease with multiple environmental and genetic causes. Determining the role of rhinovirus in asthma incidence and exacerbation could improve the controlling measures for this disease. This study aims to detect and genotype human rhinovirus (HRV) in asthmatic patients in Iraqi population. A total of 45 patients with asthma participated in this study. Viral RNA was extracted from nasopharyngeal swabs...
Challenges in diagnosis of central nervous system infections using conventional method: Need for better approach in Rwanda
September 2017
Central nervous system (CNS) infection is a common and serious disease that needs rapid and appropriate diagnosis for an appropriate treatment. However, in most recourse limited setting including Rwanda, conventional microbiological method is the only way to establish a confirmed infectious etiology. This was a 4 years retrospective review of registers and electronic laboratory records aimed to determine the causative...
Isolation of bacteria from mobile phones before and after decontamination: Study carried out at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
September 2017
Different fomites which are in regular contact with humans can play an important role in the transmission of microorganisms. Mobile phones have become indispensable in all walks of life; nevertheless their potential role in transmission of infections is of great interest. A cross-sectional study was done (April to June, 2015) at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Faculty of Medicine (female campus), in order to detect...
Value of matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry in clinical microbiology and infectious diseases in Africa and tropical areas
September 2017
Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a revolutionary technique with multiple applications. Its use in clinical microbiology is now becoming widespread as the method is an easy, rapid, effective, accurate, and cheap way to identify cultured bacteria and fungi. It is, therefore, an ideal tool to replace conventional methods still used in Africa and...
Susceptibility to fungal infection: A comparison between Capsicum annuum and Capsicum frutescens
September 2017
Experiment was carried out to compare the susceptibility of Capsicum annuum and Capsicum frutescens on sale to fungal infection at Sharada and Rimi markets in Kano metropolitan area. A total of four fungal species were isolated from samples of C. annuum and C. frutescens collected from the two markets. Out of the colonies isolated, the most abundant colony was A. niger (84, 39.25%). This was followed by R. stolonifer...
Halo-thermophilic bacteria and heterocyst cyanobacteria found adjacent to halophytes at Sabkhas, Qatar: Preliminary study and possible roles
September 2017
This study was conducted to investigate the halo-thermophilic bacteria and cyanobacteria adjacent to the halophytic plants, Suaeda virmiculata, Limonium axillare and Tetraena qatarense, and the microbial functionalities in Sabkhas of Qatar. These soils are alkaline and highly saline, and their moisture contents varied throughout the year. A significant presence of thermo-halophilic bacteria was found when selective...
Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae as an emerging pathogen from patients with respiratory diseases
September 2017
Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae is a mischaracterized species of Streptococci that is usually overlooked during examination of sputum samples of patients with chest infections. The association of this organism with lower respiratory tract diseases is still unclear and its isolation and description is underestimated in our locality. To our knowledge, there are no published studies on the isolation of S. pseudopneumoniae...
Susceptibility of locally cultivated groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) varieties to aflatoxin accumulation in Homa Bay County, Kenya
September 2017
Groundnut is one of the staple foods in many parts of the world. Due to its high nutrient content, the nuts are liable to colonization by aflatoxigenic fungi and subsequent aflatoxin accumulation. This study was aimed at determining susceptibility of locally grown groundnut varieties to Aspergillus flavus in Homa Bay County, Western Kenya. A pretested questionnaire was used to survey agronomic practices on groundnut...
Antioxidant modulation in response to selenium induced oxidative stress in unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942
September 2017
A unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 was exposed to various concentrations of SeO42–. A growth supportive effect was seen at 50 µM concentration of SeO42− whereas 50% growth retardation was observed at 200 µM of SeO42−. Selenium (Se) stress at 200 µM SeO42− induced the formation of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide radical (O2•–),...
Salmonella Heidelberg reduces nitrergic neurons in the myenteric plexus of the duodenum of broilers
September 2017
The present study aimed to characterize the effects of Salmonella Heidelberg challenge, as well as its changes in the inhibitory neuron subpopulation in the myenteric plexus of broilers. At the age of 21 days, after euthanasia of birds, duodenum fragments were collected from 5 male chicken broilers Cobb 500 linage from the challenged group and the control group for the quantification from the subpopulation of myenteric...
Isolation and characterization of extremely halotolerant Bacillus species from Dead Sea black mud and determination of their antimicrobial and hydrolytic activities
August 2017
This is the first study that investigated the isolation of extremely halotolerant Bacillus species from Dead Sea black mud. Nine isolates obtained from black mud were considered to be extremely halotolerant Bacillus based on morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties. Most of their colonies were white to light yellow and circular to irregular. All isolates were Gram-positive rod-shaped endospore-forming...
Interaction between bacterial biocontrol-agents and strains of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli effects on biocontrol efficacy of common blight in beans
August 2017
The bacterial biocontrol agents (BCAs) treatments were used for seed microbiolization; the bacterial biocontrol agents (BCAs) used selected from previous study on the control of Xanthomonas-axonopodis pv. phaseoli Xap) includes: Bacillus (DFs093, DFs348 and DFs769), Pseudomonas (DFs513, DFs831 and DFs842), Rhodococcus (DFs843 and DFs912), and the combinations C01 (DFs093+DFs769+DFs831), C02 (DFs093+DFs769+DFs842) and...
Shelf life extension study of ogi and fufu using bacteriocin isolated from Lactobacillus acidophilus of fermented dairy products
August 2017
Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced majorly by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which act against food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria, thereby, extending the shelf life of food products. Bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus (isolated from yoghurt and nono) was extracted and incorporated in samples of ogi and fufu to evaluate its bio-preservative potential. Microbiological analysis was done at the...
Variables associated to anti-HIV, anti-rubella antibodies, syphilis reagins and enteroparasitosis in pregnant women
August 2017
The aim of this paper is to determine the prevalence of anti-HIV, anti-rubella antibodies, syphilis reagins and enteroparasitosis in pregnant women during their pre-natal monitoring at the Basic Health Units in the city of Umuarama (PR) and checking possible social-economic and behavioral associations. A cross-section study was performed in 690 pregnant women who went to have pre-natal checkup in the period from June...
Lipolytic activity of fungi isolated from Jatropha curcas L. (physic nut) fruit rot
August 2017
Isolation, identification and screening of lipid-degrading fungal organisms causing rot of unripe, ripe and dry fruits of Jatropha curcas L. were carried out, and determination of the fungus showing highest lipolytic activity on the substrate analysed from three different locations within Edo State, Nigeria was done using standard methods. Five fungal isolates (Curvularia geniculata, Lasiodiplodia theobromae,...
Effect of crude toxins of Ustilaginoidea virens on rice seed germination
August 2017
The plant pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens is known to generate secondary metabolite ustiloxins, which are poisonous to humans and domestic animals and to affect plant cells during the growth process. In this study, rice false smut was collected from different locations in Sichuan province and the strains isolated. The crude toxins of U. virens were extracted from the liquid culture medium of isolated strains to determine...
Sero-prevalence of camel brucellosis (Camelus dromedarius) and phenotypic characteristics of Brucella melitensis biovar 3 in Shalateen City, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt
August 2017
The objective of this study was to estimate the sero-prevalence of brucellosis in camels in Shalateen city, Red sea Governorate. A total of 801 Sera were collected from apparently healthy dromedary camels from 2014 to 2015 spring. Sera were consequently serologically tested and confirmed using Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), buffer acidified plate antigen test (BAPAT) and complement fixation test (CFT). 103 (12.90%), 93...
Pleurotus ostreatus, mushrooms production using quick and cheap methods and the challenges to the use of coffee husk as substrate
August 2017
Coffee husk is a residue generated in large amount in Brazil and which contains caffeine and tannins, among other compounds, resulting in disposal problem. Recently, studies have shown that coffee husk can be used as substrate for mushroom cultivation. However, the main problem seems to be a low mushroom yield. Moreover, sterilization was always performed, making difficult the mushroom cultivation dissemination in...
Prevalence of multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus in GonoShastho Nagar Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
August 2017
Antibiotics are used in the prevention of different kinds of infectious diseases, but now-a-days, multidrug resistant strain of pathogenic bacteria is increasing due to the excess or misuse of antibiotics. These antibiotic resistant bacteria have become a great problem for the big population of Bangladesh. In this study, seven clinical samples were screened from about 250 patients having upper respiratory infections at...
Assessment of survival Escherichia coli in rennet cheese manufactured from experimentally contaminated milk
August 2017
Being a handmade product, the rennet cheese is prepared following regional and family traditions. In some places, the milk is obtained under sanitary conditions disabled and therefore has a high number of micro-organisms such as Escherichia coli. This study aimed to verify the survival of E. coli in rennet cheese made from experimentally contaminated milk, after storage for 21 days under refrigeration, at 4.0°C....
Intestinal parasitic infections and nutritional status of pre-school children in Hawassa Zuria District, South Ethiopia
August 2017
Though early childhood nutritional status is an important aspect of children’s health, different factors affect it. Intestinal parasitosis is common among children of developing countries. Even if studies well discuss the public health significance of intestinal parasites and nutritional deficits as a separate issue, evidences discussing their relationship are limited from Ethiopia. Therefore, this study...
Evaluation of fresh culture media for mycelial growth and conidial production of Botrytis fabae, causing chocolate spot on faba bean (Vicia faba L.)
August 2017
Botrytis fabae incites chocolate spot, one of the most devastating fungal diseases infecting and constraining faba bean cultivation in Ethiopia. Culturing of B. fabae and mass production of its infective conidia has been very difficult for pathological researches on the disease caused by this fungus. Therefore, two in vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate influence of culture media on mycelial growth and...
Contamination of meat products by coagulase positive staphylococci in the Algiers, Algeria
August 2017
Meat is regarded as one of the main sources of food-borne diseases; its evaluation can constitute a valuable source of information that can be used in the design of collective prophylaxis programs in public health. In order to assess the level of contamination of certain meat products by coagulase-positive staphylococci and the influence of the storage temperature of these products, we conducted a study in three types...
Microbiological monitoring of water and Crassostrea rhizophorae in a mangrove ecosystem in Brazil
August 2017
Mangroves are considered as natural nurseries and classified as permanent protected areas. The study area is the municipal ecological site of Ilha do Lameirão, covering 891.83 ha of mangrove forest. This area persistently suffers from anthropic pressure. For this reason, there is the need to study and monitor the microbiological characteristics and recognition of the main factors...
Production of novel antifungal compounds from actinomycetes isolated from waste dump soil in Western Uganda
August 2017
Drug resistant and opportunistic organisms are a problem to medical health due to the fact that most of the drugs that were used are now not effective. Currently, there is a need to search for new drugs that can enhance the control of these organisms. Actinomycetes and their secondary metabolites can be used as such drugs. This study was designed to isolate actinomycetes producing novel anti-fungal compounds from waste...
Midgut bacterial diversity analysis of laboratory reared and wild Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes in Kenya
August 2017
Midgut symbiotic bacteria are known to play fundamental roles in the biology of mosquitoes, however knowledge of midgut bacterial communities associated with mosquitoes is scanty due to limitation of the isolation techniques based on culturing. In this study, the composition and diversity of midgut bacteria in field collected and lab reared adult female Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes was...
Immunological evaluation of sequential poliovirus vaccination among Saudi and non-Saudi children living in Jeddah
August 2017
Poliomyelitis is a life-threatening acute paralytic disease caused by Poliovirus (PV). In the present study, the immunostatus of polio-vaccinated children and young adults (1 to 21 years old) living in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia was investigated to ascertain their extent of protection against the virus. Children were categorized in three groups: (A) Immunocompetent: Group I: Vaccinated by IPV at first and, Group II-...
In vitro evaluation of compost extracts efficiency as biocontrol agent of date palm Fusarium wilt
August 2017
Bayoud, vascular wilt of date palm caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis (Foa), is widely distributed in all date palm growing regions of Morocco. It is the most serious disease of the date palm. Compost is recognized for their ability to improve soil characteristics and to protect the crops against biotic and abiotic stress. In this experiment, in vitro effects of different concentrations of sterilized and...
Identification of intestinal microbiota and microbiological quality of the king weakfish (Macrodon ancylodon)
August 2017
The king weakfish (Macrodon ancylodon) has a wide geographic distribution in South America and provides a positive economic outlook for the fishing industry in Brazil. The present study aimed to identify the intestinal microbiota and bacterial strains that can increase during storage of the king weakfish. Characterization of the microbiological quality was performed on samples to identify the microflora through...
Effects of antifungal activity of essential oils, salts and antioxidants acids on pathogenic fungi and their application methods for controlling postharvest diseases in banana fruits
August 2017
In vitro clove essential oil (1.0%), sodium carbonate (2.0%) and sorbic, salycilic and propinic acids (0.5%) completely (100%) inhibited mycelial linear growth of Colletotrichum musae and Fusarium moniliforme, which is the cause of postharvest diseases in banana fruits. In vivo different application methods, that is, spray, soaking and dusting were tested on crown rot, neck rot, finger rot and flower end rot under...
Microbiota sampled from a polluted stream in Recife-PE, Brazil and its importance to public health
July 2017
Pollution of water bodies can cause environmental and public health problems. The Cavouco stream is a tributary of the Capibaribe River, one of the main rivers in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, and receives a high pollution load from residential, laboratory and hospital effluents. The aim of the present study was to perform phenotypic and molecular characterization in this stream, and evaluate the water quality using...
Antagonistic effect of Anabaena fertilissima CCC597 on pathogenic Vibrio cholerae propagating in association with cyanobacterial community in freshwater bodies of Eastern Madhya Pradesh
July 2017
Various biodiversity indices revealed that Microcystis aeruginosa is a major bloom forming colonial cyanobacterium dominantly present in the examined two districts of Eastern Madhya Pradesh. Microcystis viridis, Microcystis panniformis and Microcystis botrys along with filamentous cyanobacteria Anabaena spp., Arthrospira major and Oscillatoria limosa/O. laetevirens were the other species present. Amplification of VCO1...
Detection of Chikungunya and West Nile viruses in febrile patients in Ile-Ife Osun State, Nigeria using real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
July 2017
Most patients presenting with febrile conditions are often treated for malaria, especially in the developing world, whereas some of them may be of arboviral origin as they also present with similar symptoms. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been found to be the method of choice for the early detection and confirmation of virus in clinical samples, especially where there is an overlap of...
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