African Journal of
Microbiology Research

  • Abbreviation: Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 1996-0808
  • DOI: 10.5897/AJMR
  • Start Year: 2007
  • Published Articles: 5215

AJMR Articles

Molecular characterization of Acinetobacter baumannii from patients with prolonged hospital stays in three tertiary hospitals of Kano Metropolis, Northwestern Nigeria

September 2019

Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most important opportunistic bacterial pathogens that cause serious health care associated complications in hospitalized patients. This leads to prolong hospital stay which increase cost to both healthcare provider and family of the patients. The study aimed at molecular characterisation of A. baumannii from patients with prolonged hospital stays in three tertiary hospitals of Kano...

Author(s): Alkali Bashir, Adamu Almustapha Aliero, Abdurrazak Muhammad Idris, Hamisu Umar Takalmawa, Sarkinfada Faruk, and Agwu Ezera,

Evaluation of inactivated vaccine against fowl cholera developed from local isolates of Pasteurella multocida in Ethiopia

September 2019

Fowl cholera caused by Pasteurella multocida is among the serious infectious diseases of poultry in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to develop a vaccine from local strains of P. multocida and evaluate its performance. Inactivated vaccine was prepared following the OIE standards in three adjuvant formulations (oil, alum and gel). The performance of the different formulations was evaluated at different dose rates (0.5...

Author(s): Wubet W., Bitew M., Mamo G., Gelaye E., Tesfaw L., Sori H., Zewdie T. and Abayneh T.

Construction of a genetically engineered strain of nattokinase and assessment of its fibrinolytic activity

September 2019

A strain of Bacillus natto was isolated from natto and found to have a high yield of nattokinase. The aprN and pro-aprN gene fragments, encoding nattokinase from Bacillus natto, were amplified using two pair of primers and were expressed in Bacillus subtilis WB800N host cells using the pHT43 plasmid as a vector. In this system, the effect of leader peptides on nattokinase activity, revealing that these leader peptides...

Author(s): Li Tian, Wenke Zhou and Youhong Zhang  

Prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis infections among school children in Danane, Western Côte D’Ivoire

September 2019

Intestinal schistosomiasis is very common in children and cause significant morbidity. Danané is located in the west of the Côte d’Ivoire which is an area where intestinal schistosomiasis transmission is established. The Ministry of Health of Côte d'Ivoire which have acceded to the global goal of eliminating these diseases as a public health problem, has adopted a five year strategic plan in...

Author(s): Pulchérie Christiane Marie Kiki-Barro, Abibatou Konaté, Kondo Fulgence Kassi, Kpongbo Etienne Angora, Henriette Vanga-Bosson, Vincent Djohan, Akoua Valérie Bédia-Tanoh, Assohoun Jean Sebastien Miézan, William Yavo and Eby Ignace Hervé Menan,  

Predisposing factors and cost Implications of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients attending federal medical centre Makurdi, Nigeria

September 2019

The predisposing factors and the cost implications of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in patients attending Federal Medical Centre, Benue State, Makurdi, was investigated. Information on socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the patients was obtained using a structured questionnaire. The female had a higher (56.5%) number of TB patients than the male (43.5%). Most of the TB patients were married (52%). A larger...

Author(s): O. Vange, E. U. Umeh and E. T. Azua

Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of endophytic fungi extracts isolated from Carissa carandas

September 2019

This is the first report of endophytic fungi derived from Carissa carandas producing bioactive compounds in Thailand. The aims of this research were to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of extracts from endophytic fungi, identify the potential fungal isolates by phylogenetic analysis and analyze the composition of the potential crude extract by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The...

Author(s): Preuttiporn Supaphon and Sita Preedanon  

Antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli isolates recovered from diarrheic patients at Selam Health Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

August 2019

Antimicrobials have been playing an important role in preventing illness and death associated with infections due to bacteria. However, the emergence and spread of resistance by pathogens have decreased the effectiveness of the commonly prescribed antimicrobials. Intestinal Escherichia coli are among bacterial pathogens that are endowed with such resistance traits because they are important source and reservoir of genes...

Author(s): Abebe Aseffa Negeri, Eyasu Tigabu Seyoum, Rajiha Abubeker Ibrahim and Hassen Mamo  

Antibiotic resistant phenotypes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from fresh and fermented milk in parts of Nasarawa State, Nigeria

August 2019

This work was aimed at determining the occurrence and antibiogram of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from fresh and fermented milk samples in parts of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. A total of 180 samples comprising of fresh raw milk, bulk milk, nono, and kindirmo were collected over a period of 6 months (May to October, 2017). Standard microbiological procedures were employed in the isolation, identification,...

Author(s): Aliyu Y., Abdullahi I. O., Whong C. M. Z. and Olayinka B. O.       

Chemical analysis of the biomass of a native strain of Spirulina subsalsa Oersted ex Gomont 1892 (Spirulinaceae) cultivated in low-cost saline medium

August 2019

Spirulina subsalsa, a filamentous cyanobacterium, was first described by Gomont in 1892. This microorganism has been subject to biotechnological evaluations, due to their high content of proteins and pigments. The objective of this study was to analyze the biochemical composition of the biomass of a native strain of S. subsalsa cultivated in low-cost saline medium and harvested in the exponential and stationary phases...

Author(s): Lolymar Romero Maza, Miguel Angel Guevara Acosta and Roraysi José Cortez Mago

Optimisation of biological wastewater treatment for yeast processing effluent using cultured bacteria: Application of response surface methodology

August 2019

In the present study, the interactive effects of temperature and cultured bacteria on the performance of a biological treatment system of wastewater from a local yeast producing plant were investigated. The main objective of this study was to optimize the operating parameters that reduce organic load and colour. Biological treatment was conducted using a Central Composite Design (CCD) and optimised using Response...

Author(s): Manhokwe S., Shoko S. and Zvidzai C.  

Anti-dermatophytic activity of hexane extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss.

August 2019

Dermatophytes cause superficial fungal infections that pose public health problem to man and animals. Long term treatment with antifungal agents is required to control these infections. Various parts of Azadirachta indica are claimed to have significant medicinal value in treatment of infections especially ringworm. To determine the antifungal activity of the oil and fractions against dermatophytes isolated from...

Author(s): Ungo-kore H. Y., Ibrahim Y. K. E. and Tytler B. A.  

Detection of multidrug-resistant enterobacteria simultaneously producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases of the PER and GES types isolated at Saint Camille Hospital Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

August 2019

Resistance to a wide variety of common antibiotics is observed among clinical strains designated as extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers. These produce enzymatic proteins that effectively inactivate cephalosporins and aztreonam and are a serious global health problem that complicates treatment strategies. Many studies report a high prevalence of ESBL producers among Gram-negative bacilli. The purpose of...

Author(s): Mètuor Dabiré Amana, Tiemtoré Rahimatou Yasmine Wend-Kuni, Bangré Yasmine Aminata, Zohoncon Théodora Mahoukédé, Sougué Serge, Zongo Jacob Koudbi and Simporé Jacques  

Prevalence of urinary tract infection and antibiotic resistance pattern in pregnant women, Najran region, Saudi Arabia

August 2019

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the commonest infectious disease in pregnancy, and in pregnancy we have very limited number of antibiotics to treat the UTI.  This study was conducted on 151 patients who attended the gynecology clinic during the study period. Nineteen UTI proven cases of UTI were studied for prevalence of microorganism and sensitivity pattern against different antibiotics. Among the bacteria...

Author(s): Ali Mohamed Alshabi, Majed Saeed Alshahrani, Saad Ahmed Alkahtani and Mohammad Shabib Akhtar  

Extended spectrum beta-lactamase production and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance among lactose non-fermenting nterobacteriaceae isolated from poultry sources in Calabar, Nigeria

July 2019

This study investigated the co-carriage of plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) and extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing lactose non-fermenting (LNF) Enterobacteriaceae isolated from poultry birds. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out between September, 2016 and March, 2017. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns....

Author(s): Nchawa Yangkam Yhiler, Bassey Enya Bassey, Inyang-etoh Paul, Useh Monday Francis, Asuquo Anne and Angela Okocha-Ejeko

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. in the nasal cavity of dental surgeon’s professors

July 2019

The aim of the study is to investigate the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. nasal colonization among dental surgeon professors. Dental surgeon professors of a Higher Education Institution (HEI) responded to a questionnaire covering sociodemographic, employment and behavioral data, and were subjected to clinical specimen collection by nasal swab. Identification and susceptibility testing of bacteria were...

Author(s): Camila Fonseca Alvarenga, Késia Cristina de Oliveira Batista, Evandro Leão Ribeiro,  Lara Stefânia Netto de Oliveira Leão Vasconcelos,  Juliana Lamaro Cardoso,  Maria Cláudia Porfirio André, Dayane de Melo Costa, Enilza Maria Mendonça de Paiva and Anaclara Ferreira Veiga Tipple,

Detection of mutations in ampC promoter/attenuator gene in Escherichia coli from dairy cows in Rio de Janeiro and Mato Grosso, Brazil

July 2019

Escherichia coli present the ampC naturally, and the observation of phenotypical resistance to cefoxitin is related to this gene deregulation. Mutations in the regulatory region in ampC cause exaggerated expression. The most frequent alterations in the E. coli AmpC promoter/attenuator leading to this overexpression is described at the positions: -88, -82, -42, -18, -1 and +58. Mastitis studies were carried in Rio de...

Author(s): Gabrielli Stefaninni Santiago, Irene da Silva Coelho , Beatriz Oliveira de Farias , Tatiani Abreu de Alencar, Amy Borges Moreira, Greiciane França Bronzato , Miliane Moreira Soares de Souza, Bruno Gomes de Castro, Helena Neto Ferreira and Shana de Mattos de Oliveira Coelho

Detection of tetracycline resistant E. coli and Salmonella spp. in sewage, river, pond and swimming pool in Mymensingh, Bangladesh

July 2019

Antibiotic resistant bacteria and resistance genes in the environment are major health problem globally. The present study was undertaken to detect antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in sewage, river, pond and swimming pool. Emphasis was given on tetracycline resistant phenotype and genotype, since, tetracycline is a widely used antibiotics. Isolation and identification of antibiotic resistant E....

Author(s): Ashrafun Nahar, Md. Amirul Islam, Md. Abdus Sobur, Md. Jannat Hossain, Sumaiya Binte Zaman, Md. Bahanur Rahman, S. M. Lutful Kabir and Md. Tanvir Rahman  

Microbial community structure in confluence region of Huang, Wei and Luo rivers in Guanzhong plain in central China

June 2019

To investigating microbial abundance and community in confluence region of Huang, Wei and Luo rivers in Guanzhong plain in central China, plates culture were used to visualize quantity of soil microorganism colony, polymerase chain reaction and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) were used to detect microorganism abundance and community. The results show that microorganism reduce in winter with the...

Author(s): Yalin Li, Xiaoxing Ye and Qingqing Wang

Shiga toxigenic, enteroinvasive and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in fish from experimental fish farm (Layo), Côte d’Ivoire

June 2019

The objective of this study was to know the sanitary quality of fish coming from Layo farm. Twenty fishes (Oreochromis niloticus), were selected in four ponds and Escherichia coli were isolated in gills and viscera according to microbiological methods. One hundred and twenty strains of E. coli were isolated, and their virulence was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers. Eleven (11) strains...

Author(s): Kouadio-Ngbesso Nadège, Kouamé-Sina Sylvie Mireille, Koffi Ahua René, Toulé Aubin Cyrille, Adingra Ama Antoinette and Dadié Adjéhi Thomas

Comparative in vitro antimicrobial effect of Sarcocephalus latifolius (Sm.) E. A. Bruce leaves and roots on foodborne pathogens

June 2019

Sarcocephalus latifolius (Sm.) E. A. Bruce is a plant used traditionally to treat a wide range of infectious diseases, including foodborne ones. This study aimed to compare its roots and leaves extract antibacterial effects in vitro. Thus, these organs were collected, dried and powdered for the extractions and phytochemical screening. Four extracts (water, ethyl-acetate, methanol and ethanol) were tested on ten...

Author(s): Carlos C. Ahoyo, Pauline M. Deguenon, Durand Dah-Nouvlessounon, Haziz Sina, Thierry D. Houehanou , Alain S. Yaoitcha, Lamine Baba-Moussa and Marcel R. B. Houinato

Antibacterial, muscle relaxant, and hypnotic effects of seeds of Peganum harmala on mice

June 2019

Peganum harmala seed extract has been frequently reported to possess antibacterial potential through in vivo studies. P. harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae) is one of the most famous medicinal plants used in traditional medicine of Iraq. The harmaline, harmalol and harmine exerted many pharmacodynemic effects on the central nervous system: stimulation and depression depending on the dose. P. harmala indicates a great variety of...

Author(s): Thamer Mutlag Jasim

Airborne bacterial diversity and antibiotic resistance patterns in operating theatre and paediatric wards in Botswana hospitals

June 2019

There is presently no information on the occurrence, abundance and diversity of airborne bacteria in Botswana hospitals. There is also growing concern in the global spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria that continue to emerge and pose serious challenge to human health. This study was aimed at determining the occurrence, relative abundance and diversity of airborne bacterial species and their antibiotic resistance...

Author(s): Lindiwe Tamocha, Mothomang Oyinloye and Teddie O. Rahube

Antifungal susceptibility pattern and identification of Candida species in women of child-bearing age suffering from malaria, typhoid and diabetes in Nsukka, Nigeria

May 2019

Candidiasis in women of child-bearing age is a major problem in most hospitals in Nigeria. High vaginal swabs were analyzed for Candida presence in women of child bearing age using Chromogenic agar. Isolated Candida spp. were analyzed phylogenetically to trace their evolutionary relatedness. Growth rate assay was done using Sabouruand and Dextrose medium supplemented with NaCl and glucose. The resistance pattern of the...

Author(s): Emmanuela I. Nwoko, Anthony C. Mgbeahuruike, Ejike E. Ugwuijem and Onwumere S. Idolor  

Parents’ knowledge and attitude toward antibiotic misuse in children with upper respiratory tract infections in the Western region of Saudi Arabia

May 2019

Misuse of antibiotics in children is a major public health problem which may lead to increase antibiotic resistance in paediatric population. This study aims to evaluate parents’ knowledge and attitude toward antibiotic use in children with upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in the Western region of Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted using self-administered questionnaire on parents of...

Author(s): Shadi Ahmed Zakai  

Evaluation of brewing potentials of grains, malts and worts of some sweet sorghum and sorghum varieties

May 2019

Little or no attention has so far been paid to using sweet sorghum malt for commercial beer brewing. Thus, three sweet sorghum varieties (SSV) and four sorghum varieties (SV) were analyzed for brewing quality. Variations were observed in their thousand grain weights (22.8 to 58.7 g), grain moisture contents (12.5 to 20.5%), germination energies (99.0 to 100%) and germination capacities (99.7 to 100%). After 4-day...

Author(s): Owuama, Chikezie I.  

Evaluation of commercial rapid test kits to determine the effective diagnostic method for dengue in a low resource setting

May 2019

Conventional commercially available rapid immuno-chromatographic tests (ICTs) or diagnostic kits were evaluated for their sensitivity, specificity, cost and turnaround time (TAT) results with Dengue IgM/IgG capture enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) as the standard test, in blood samples from a cross-section of individuals with clinical features suggestive of dengue fever attending health care facilities in the...

Author(s): Kadia Kallap and Patrick Eberechi Akpaka  

Occurrence of Cucumber mosaic virus subgroup IA and IB isolates in pepper in Nigeria

May 2019

This study characterized Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infecting pepper in Southwestern Nigeria with the aim of providing up-to-date information on the taxonomic subgroup(s) of the parading strains in the study area. Fifty pepper leaf samples with one or more symptoms of mottling, mosaic, necrosis, leaf distortion and stunting were collected from eight commercial farms across Southwestern Nigeria and screened for CMV...

Author(s): A. B. Kayode, B. O. Odu, K. E. Oke, O. O. Odedara and C. G. Elum

Anti-quorum quenching activity of methyl gallate isolated from galls of Guiera senegalensis J. F. Gmel (Combretaceae)

April 2019

Many pathogenic bacteria produce virulence factors controlled by a mechanism of regulation named quorum sensing (QS). Inhibition of bacterial QS system is a more recent therapeutic approach to counterbalance the emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria. This study aimed to assess the abilities of methanol extract from Guiera senegalensis galls and its isolated compound methyl gallate to quench the quorum sensing...

Author(s): Vincent Ouedraogo, Pierre Alexandre Eric Djifaby Sombié, Moussa Compaoré and Martin Kiendrébéogo  

Isolation and antibiotic resistance profiles of bacteria from influent, effluent and downstream: A study in Botswana

April 2019

Antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been globally considered environmental contaminants that pose a serious problem to the health of humans, animals and the ecosystem. The primary objective of the study was to characterize the antibiotic resistance phenotypes and genotypes of bacterial isolates from Gaborone wastewater treatment plant (GWWTP) and the downstream environment...

Author(s): K. Tapela and T. Rahube

Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from human dental infection

April 2019

Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen causing dental infection and systemic infections in human body. This organism decreases susceptibility to several types of antibiotics every day and becomes more resistant which is a growing sense of concern in this era. Considering this fact, the study was attempted to characterize the S. aureus from human dental infection and to determine the antibiogram profile of...

Author(s): Manisha Das, Abdullah Al Momen Sabuj, Zobayda Farzana Haque, Nanda Barua, Amrita Pondit, Md. Muket Mahmud, Md. Ferdousur Rahman Khan and Sukumar Saha

Studies on the physicochemical and bacteriological properties of some semi-public Swimming pools in Makurdi, Nigeria

April 2019

Recreational waters are routes of transmission for most water-related illnesses. In this study, the water quality of five selected swimming pools (SP) was examined after disinfection prior to bathing and after bathing by swimmers. SP sampling was carried out weekly for 4 weeks between August and September in Makurdi, Nigeria. Bacterial loads and physicochemical parameters were determined using standard and standard...

Author(s): Victor Taghoghor Omoni, Doosuur Naomi Torjir and Stephen Efe Okekporo

Effects of inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria to minimize panicle grain shattering habit for increased yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

April 2019

Locally isolated Bacillus subtilis (UPMB10) as nitrogen fixer and B. pumillus (GM118) as phosphate solubilizer act as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The objective of this study is to determine the response of single and co-inoculation of these PGPR on the panicle breaking strength to minimize panicle grain shattering to increase rice yield.  The ability to fix nitrogen and solubilize phosphate,...

Author(s): Mohamad Halid Razak, Zulkarami Brahim and Halimi Mohd Saud,

Abilities of Achyla orion and Allomyces anomalus to degrade petroleum and petroleum products as sole carbon sources

April 2019

  Abilities of Achyla orion and Allomyces anomalus isolated from some crude oil polluted aquatic environments in Nigeria to biodegrade petroleum and petroleum products were determined. Baiting method using hemp and sesame seeds was used to isolate the two species of aquatic phycomycetes. The species were grown in liquid broth culture made of minimal mineral salts supplemented separately with petrol, diesel and...

Author(s): Odu, C.E., Onyimba, I. A., Egbere, O.J., Bukbuk, D. and Ghamba, P.E.

Hepatitis C virus infection in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus in Cotonou, Benin

March 2019

Screening of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by molecular test is not routinely performed for the care of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients in most countries of Sub-Saharan Africa such as Benin. The aim of this study was to assess the extent of HCV infection in patients infected with HIV in Cotonou. This study was conducted from February to June 2017 on HIV infected patients from the National...

Author(s): Sogbo Frederic, Kpossou Aboudou Raïmi, Affolabi Dissou, Lafia Barnabe and Zannou Marcel,  

Purification and characterisation of a novel broad spectrum anti-tumor L-glutaminase enzyme from marine Bacillus subtilis strain JK-79

March 2019

L-glutaminase is a therapeutic enzyme used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In this study, the extracellular L-glutaminase produced by Bacillus subtilis strain JK-79 was purified to homogeneity. The purified L-glutaminase has specific activity of 937 U mg−1 with KM and VMax value of 8 × 10-2 mM and 200 µM/ml min, respectively. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel...

Author(s): Jambulingam Kiruthika and Sudhakar Swathi  

Detection of pathogenic bacteria and fungi on biometric surface of Automated Teller Machines located in Brazilian public hospital

March 2019

The Automated Teller Machine (ATM) is used by millions of people as an alternative to gain time instead of using traditional banking systems in Brazil and ATMs are frequently localized in São Paulo city around the hospitals. However, ATMs might be potential devices for microbial accumulation and transmission in the community. The objective of the present study was to evaluate forty-two ATMs, in two hospital areas...

Author(s): Simone Aquino, José Eduardo Alves de Lima, Moisés Oliveira da Silva and Gabriela Fabricio de Sousa  

The prevalence of tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance among the Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates at Federal Medical Centre Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

March 2019

Tuberculosis (TB) has become a global health challenge; it is a serious problem in sub-Saharan Africa, where rates of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) co-infection and drug resistance are high. The prevalence and rifampicin (RIF) resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) among patients attending Federal Medical Centre Makurdi, Benue State was investigated. Sputum samples collected from 200 patients were tested...

Author(s): Vange O., E. U. Umeh and E. T. Azua  

Effectiveness of commonly used antiseptics on bacteria causing nosocomial infections in tertiary hospital in Malaysia

March 2019

The antimicrobial inhibitory effects of five common antiseptics [Chlorhexidine (CHX), Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Iodine, Ethanol and Dettol] were investigated using agar well diffusion method. The organisms used included methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The undiluted concentrations of the antiseptics showed...

Author(s): Hassanain Al-Talib, Alyaa Alkhateeb, Ahmad Syahrizal Ahmad Ruzuki, Nadia Farhana Zulkifli, Syakirah Hamizi, Nur Syazwani Muhammad and Amilah Fadhlina Abd Karim  

In vivo safety and hypolipidemic effect of Bifidobacterium adolenscentis CH2 in female albino rats

March 2019

This paper studied the safety and physiological effect of acute intake of Bifidobacterium adolescentis CH2 in albino rats using yogurt as a carrier. Thirty-six female albino rats were divided into three groups: control group received standard diet and water daily; yogurt group received standard diet, water, and 0.5 ml yogurt; B. adolenscentis-yogurt (probiotic yogurt) group received standard diet, water, and 0.5 ml B....

Author(s): Ehiwuogu-Onyibe Joy, Ayodele Opeyemi, Mordi James and Elemo Gloria

Survey of bacterial contamination and antibiotic resistance pattern of Bangladeshi paper currency notes in Mymensingh city

March 2019

Paper currency notes, which are transferred from one individual to another, are known to carry microorganisms on their surface. As people have to exchange currencies repeatedly to buy goods and services in their everyday life, risk of spreading infectious diseases may be enhanced. Thus, it is important to identify the bacteria associated with currency and evaluate their multidrug resistance pattern. Consequently, the...

Author(s): Nanda Barua, Abdullah Al Momen Sabuj, Zobayda Farzana Haque, Manisha Das, Muhammad Tofazzal Hossain and Sukumar Saha  

Utility of molecular diagnostic method compared with conventional methods in detection of etiologic agents of central nervous system infections in Rwanda

March 2019

The incidence of meningoencephalitis in developing countries is high and its diagnosis being inadequate as it is mainly based on conventional methods with a limited diagnostic capacity for bacterial, fungal and viral detection. This results in prescription of a cocktail of antibiotics, antifungal, or anti-viral drugs, since the causative agent is often unknown. There is therefore need for timely and appropriate...

Author(s): Edouard Ntagwabira, Marianne Wanjiru Mureithi, Jean Baptiste Mazarati, Walter Jaoko and Omu Anzala  

Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) biofilm formation on eugenol-impregnated surgical sutures

March 2019

The use of bioactive compounds as anti-infective coating on biomaterial surfaces has been studied as a tool against microbial adhesion and the establishment of biofilms. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of eugenol, specifically the ability to interact with cotton suture threads for preventing adhesion and biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175). The minimum inhibitory...

Author(s): Victor Alves Carneiro, Elaine de Fátima Furtado, Rafaela Mesquita Bastos Cavalcante, Maria Laína Silva, Rondinely Lima Silva, Queli Cristina Fidelis and Francisco Eduardo Aragão Catunda Júnior

First report of the types TEM, CTX-M, SHV and OXA-48 of beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli, from Brazzaville, Congo

February 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the emergence of beta-lactam resistance related to extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) encoding genes (TEM, SHV, CTX-M-1 and OXA-48) in Escherichia coli from Brazzaville. In the period between January 2016 and May 2017, 89 strains in E. coli were isolated from hospitalized patients, outpatients and domestic sewage. The E. coli strains were identified by the API 20E system....

Author(s): Fils Landry Mpelle, Esther Nina Ontsira Ngoyi, Christian Aimé Kayath, Etienne Nguimbi, Rachel Moyen and Simon Charles Kobawila  

Antibiotic resistance in Saudi Arabia and some Middle Eastern countries: Current status

February 2019

Antibiotic resistance has become a major threat to human health worldwide, especially for serious infections, leaving limited choices for antimicrobials to be used. The World Health Organization (WHO) launched several strategies to control the spread of this resistance. However, in the Middle East the problem can become worse if these strategies are not applied due to the geographical location between developed and...

Author(s): Shadi Ahmed Zakai  

Microbial contamination of cell phones of nursing department students in Technical Institute of Baqubah, Iraq

February 2019

This study was aimed to investigate microbiological colonization of cell phones used by nursing students of Baqubah Technical Institute, from June to August 2018. In 150 randomly collected cell phones, 133 bacterial and 74 fungal species were isolated using sterile swabs from cell phones surface. The microbe were identified using conventional methods, bacterial species isolated were: Staphylococcus aureus (48%),...

Author(s): Suhail Jawdat Fadhil  

Isolation and identification of bacteria from high-temperature compost at temperatures exceeding 90°C

February 2019

Conventional composts exhibit temperatures ranging from 50 to 80°C during organic waste degradation by microorganisms. In high-temperature compost, temperatures can reach ≥90°C with appropriate bottom aeration. To elucidate specific characteristics of the bacterial activity in high-temperature compost and to regenerate a high-temperature compost from isolates, bacterial isolation and characterization were...

Author(s): Kikue Hirota, Chihaya Miura, Nobuhito Motomura, Hidetoshi Matsuyama And Isao Yumoto,  

Microbial quality of Nile perch (Lates niloticus) and physico-chemical properties of salted sun-dried products sold at regional markets, Tanzania

February 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the microbial and physico-chemical qualities of salted sun-dried Nile perch (Lates niloticus) products and frozen fish from various storage facilities in Mwanza, Tanzania. The bacterial flora, moisture contents (MCs), and water activity (Aw) were investigated using standard methods. A total of 120 samples were collected for microbiological analysis with 90 of the samples...

Author(s): Zebedayo Baniga, Anders Dalsgaard, Lughano J. M. Kusiluka and Robinson H. Mdegela  

Influence of aqueous extracts of black angico on Pratylenchus brachyurus in cotton plants

February 2019

The root lesion nematode (Pratylenchus brachyurus) is one of the main phytosanitary problems of cotton plants in Brazil. Searching for alternatives that minimize the damages in the crop, several methods are performed aiming to manage these damages. Among them, is the use of vegetal extracts. In this sense, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of black angico extract (Anadenanthera macrocarpa) in the...

Author(s): Wéverson Lima Fonseca⊃, Fernandes Antonio de Almeida⊃, Rezanio Martins Carvalho, Tarciana Silva dos Santos, Ananda Rosa Beserra Santos, Joelma Santana Rezende, Maria Lúcia Tiburtino Leite, Jeissica Taline Prochnow and Ana Paola Pieta Rambo

A comparative study on antibacterial effects of Hagenia abyssinica oil extracted from different parts of the plant using different solvents against two selected and standardized human pathogens

February 2019

Hagenia abyssinica is an important medicinal plant that the traditional society relied on for generations as a traditional medicine for various types of worm infections. The tree is a multipurpose dioecious tree and can grow up to 20 m in length. This research work is designed to investigate the antibacterial activity of H. abyssinica oils extracted using three different kinds of solvent and from three...

Author(s): Getachew Abebe and Getachew Birhanu  

Biosynthesis of cadmium selenide quantum dots by Providencia vermicola

February 2019

Cadmium selenide quantum dots (CdSe QDs) were synthesized by using Providencia vermicola BGRW, which has discriminatory ability to resist many metals such as Selenium, Cadmium, Silver, Zinc, Copper, Lead, Nickel, Cobalt and Bismuth metals. BGRW was able to grow in the presence of 6 mM of CdCl2. The best conditions for extra/intracellular CdSe QDs synthesis were 0.1 mM SeO2: 0.9 mM CdCl2, 37°C, pH 9 within 24 h. The...

Author(s): Rawan S. Abou-Assy, Bahig A. El-Deeb, Abdullah D. Al-Talhi and Nasser Y. Mostafa,

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