Passive surveillance of clinical poultry diseases in an Upazila Government Veterinary Hospital of Bangladesh
November 2019
The present study is aimed at investigating clinical poultry diseases in an Upazila Government Veterinary Hospital of Bangladesh through passive surveillance and to know the frequency distribution of antimicrobial drugs prescription pattern. The study was conducted in Ramu Upazila Government Veterinary Hospital under Cox’s Bazar district of Bangladesh from February to March, 2016. A total of 180 cases including 73...
Utilization potential of quality protein maize in spiced ogi
November 2019
The high incidence of protein energy malnutrition among children under 5 years in Nigeria informed this study. Quality protein maize (QPM) produces more lysine and tryptophan than most modern varieties of maize. It has been reported to be economically superior to traditional maize. This research focuses on QPM ogi fortified with indigenous food spices in order to improve its health benefits and organoleptic properties....
Heat shock impact on the growth of Bacillus spp. (SUBB01) and its surveillance in minimal medium under shaking condition
November 2019
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of proteins that are produced by all living organisms in response to exposure to stressful condition. The present research aims to study the physiology of Bacillus spp. (SUBB01) under aeration in diverse culture media and temperature at 47, 48, 49, 50, 52, 53 and 54°C. Bacterial growth was measured through enumeration of the viable and culturable growing cells that...
The bacterial diversity in infected tissue pus of an East Asian finless porpoise
November 2019
Two East Asian finless porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis sunameri) in Ningbo, East China Sea, China, were observed to be bacterially infected between the fat layer and muscle layer. The microbial communities in pus samples were identified by metagenome sequencing 16S in the PacBio platform and explored the relationship between emaciation and bacterial infection. The present paper was the first report on bacterial...
Assessment of bacterial contamination and milk handling practices along the raw milk market chain in the north-western region of Rwanda
November 2019
This study was conducted to assess raw milk bacterial loads and micro-organisms associated with milk handling practices and raw milk chain in the North-western region of Rwanda. A multistage sampling method was used to collect sixty-seven raw milk samples that were analyzed for milk quality at four stages of the raw milk chain: dairy farmers, milk hawkers, milk collection centres (MCC) and milk kiosks. Total bacterial...
Antimicrobial activity of cotton and silk fabrics dyed with Datura stramonium (Jimson weed) plant leaf extracts
November 2019
Functional finishes are agents that are applied to fabrics to make them suitable for specific uses and contribute a specific attribute to a fabric without altering its appearance. In this context, the present study reveals the importance of dyed fabrics with Datura stramonium plant leaf extracts to control antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which have been a threat to human health and posed noticeable challenges...
Screening of fungal contaminants in banana tissue cultures in Jkuat, Kenya
November 2019
Tissue culture is prone to high costs of production arising from losses incurred from fungal contamination. The aim of the study was to characterise fungal contaminants and elucidate the exhibited mode of resistance to most preferred sterilants. Twenty nine fungal samples were collected at the different stages of tissue culture growth, using purposive sampling technique. Morphology results were confirmed by...
Effect of abattoir wastes on stream quality in the Bolgatanga municipality, Ghana-west Africa
October 2019
This research was undertaken to determine abattoir wastes effect on the stream quality along Kollaa stream in Sawaba area of Bolgatanga municipality. The study also determined the microbiological quality and some physicochemical parameters of the stream that takes delivery of untreated waste from the abattoir and the extent of pollution through discharge of waste from abattoir sites into stream water. Three water...
Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of extended spectrum beta-Lactamase-producing Klebsiella oxytoca isolated from urine samples of patients visiting private laboratories in Abakaliki Metropolis
October 2019
Studies have shown that Klebsiella oxytoca is a major cause of infections in humans. This study was designed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing K. oxytoca from urine samples of patients visiting private laboratories in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State. A total of 150 mid-steam urine samples of patients visiting three main private laboratories in...
Characterization of bacterial pathogens associated with milk microbiota in Egypt
October 2019
Milk is a substantial source of nutrients needed by all humans across lifespan development. Given its nutritional composition, milk is considered a vehicle for various microbes including beneficial and pathogenic bacteria. In this study, 270 milk samples comprising raw cow and buffalo milk and pasteurized milk with different shelf-life durations were tested along with pasteurized organic milk for the presence of...
Isolation and characterization of potential phosphate solubilizing bacteria in two regions of Senegal
October 2019
Many soils of the inter-tropical regions are P-deficient because of their high fixing power and low P content. Rock phosphate resources used to produce the phosphate fertilizers are exhausted and chemical fertilizer are causing environmental degradation. This issue raised the question of sustainability of fertilization and subsequently has enhanced the interest in the use of microorganisms as biofertilizers. The aim of...
High frequency of Torque Teno virus (TTV) among Egyptian hemodialysis patients
October 2019
Very little reports are yet available for the infection rate of Torque Teno virus (TTV) among hemodialysis patients in Upper Egypt. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the frequency and the possible genotypes of TTV in chronic renal failure patients undergoing dialysis. This cross-sectional study was carried out between August 2016 and February 2017 in three haemodialysis units in Minia, Egypt. Blood samples were...
Prevalence of HEV markers among healthy and patients with hepatitis B and C in Upper Egypt
October 2019
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection has a worldwide distribution and represents an important cause of acute hepatitis. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of HEV infection, and risk factors associated with this infection in healthy individual and patients with hepatitis B and C in Upper Egypt. Samples were collected from different governorates (Luxor, Assuit, Aswan and Sohag governorates) in Upper Egypt. Serum...
Probiotics Lactobacillus strains: A promising alternative therapy against to biofilm-forming enteropathogenic bacteria?
October 2019
Biofilms formation stands out in context of persistent intestinal infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae, which are associated with a high resistance to antimicrobial agents’ and phagocytosis by host defense cells. Hence, understanding the mechanisms involved in this process becomes major for the development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies. Lactic acid bacteria, including species of the genus...
Diketopiperazine alkaloids produced by the endophytic fungus Penicillium citrinum and evaluation of their antileishmanial activity
October 2019
Chromatographic fractionation of the antileishmanial extract obtained from fermentation of the endophytic fungus Penicillium citrinum, isolated from leaves of Ageratum myriadenia, yielded three diketopiperazine alkaloids; cyclo(L-Pro-L-Leu) (1), cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) (2) and tryprostatin B (3). The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic methods and comparison with the literature....
Qualitative assessment of Uvaria chamae (bush banana) crude extracts against wound isolated strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis alongside resistance and plasmid profiles determination of the isolates
October 2019
Uvaria chamae is a plant used traditionally in treatment of wounds and other ailments. This work was conducted on qualitative assessment of crude extracts of U. chamae against wound isolated strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis, determining the resistance and plasmid profiles of the isolates. Standard techniques were employed in crude extraction of roots and leaves of the plant followed by...
Impact of vessels on sediment transport and diversity in Lake Taihu, China
October 2019
In shallow lakes, waves from different sources play a major role in sediment transport and the release of associated nutrients. This study was conducted to analyze the impacts of waves generated by wind or vessels, on nutrient concentrations and microbial diversity in China’s third largest lake, Taihu. The study area is fixed at 100 m length of sailing vessel and 10 m width from where water samples were collected,...
Prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis infections among school children in Danane, Western Côte D’Ivoire
September 2019
Intestinal schistosomiasis is very common in children and cause significant morbidity. Danané is located in the west of the Côte d’Ivoire which is an area where intestinal schistosomiasis transmission is established. The Ministry of Health of Côte d'Ivoire which have acceded to the global goal of eliminating these diseases as a public health problem, has adopted a five year strategic plan in...
Evaluation of inactivated vaccine against fowl cholera developed from local isolates of Pasteurella multocida in Ethiopia
September 2019
Fowl cholera caused by Pasteurella multocida is among the serious infectious diseases of poultry in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to develop a vaccine from local strains of P. multocida and evaluate its performance. Inactivated vaccine was prepared following the OIE standards in three adjuvant formulations (oil, alum and gel). The performance of the different formulations was evaluated at different dose rates (0.5...
Molecular characterization of Acinetobacter baumannii from patients with prolonged hospital stays in three tertiary hospitals of Kano Metropolis, Northwestern Nigeria
September 2019
Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most important opportunistic bacterial pathogens that cause serious health care associated complications in hospitalized patients. This leads to prolong hospital stay which increase cost to both healthcare provider and family of the patients. The study aimed at molecular characterisation of A. baumannii from patients with prolonged hospital stays in three tertiary hospitals of Kano...
Predisposing factors and cost Implications of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients attending federal medical centre Makurdi, Nigeria
September 2019
The predisposing factors and the cost implications of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in patients attending Federal Medical Centre, Benue State, Makurdi, was investigated. Information on socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the patients was obtained using a structured questionnaire. The female had a higher (56.5%) number of TB patients than the male (43.5%). Most of the TB patients were married (52%). A larger...
Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of endophytic fungi extracts isolated from Carissa carandas
September 2019
This is the first report of endophytic fungi derived from Carissa carandas producing bioactive compounds in Thailand. The aims of this research were to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of extracts from endophytic fungi, identify the potential fungal isolates by phylogenetic analysis and analyze the composition of the potential crude extract by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The...
Construction of a genetically engineered strain of nattokinase and assessment of its fibrinolytic activity
September 2019
A strain of Bacillus natto was isolated from natto and found to have a high yield of nattokinase. The aprN and pro-aprN gene fragments, encoding nattokinase from Bacillus natto, were amplified using two pair of primers and were expressed in Bacillus subtilis WB800N host cells using the pHT43 plasmid as a vector. In this system, the effect of leader peptides on nattokinase activity, revealing that these leader peptides...
Region of acquisition of urinary tract infection (UTI) may be an important parameter while treating UTI cases
September 2019
The study recently published on urinary tract infection (UTI) cases at Najran University Hospital, Najran region of Saudi Arabia (Alshabi et al., 2019), though small, only on 19 cases, have been concluded beautifully, “regional clinical data regarding the prevalence and efficacy of antibiotics should be taken into consideration along with the treatment guidelines”. The authors reported a study on only 19...
Antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli isolates recovered from diarrheic patients at Selam Health Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
August 2019
Antimicrobials have been playing an important role in preventing illness and death associated with infections due to bacteria. However, the emergence and spread of resistance by pathogens have decreased the effectiveness of the commonly prescribed antimicrobials. Intestinal Escherichia coli are among bacterial pathogens that are endowed with such resistance traits because they are important source and reservoir of genes...
Antibiotic resistant phenotypes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from fresh and fermented milk in parts of Nasarawa State, Nigeria
August 2019
This work was aimed at determining the occurrence and antibiogram of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from fresh and fermented milk samples in parts of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. A total of 180 samples comprising of fresh raw milk, bulk milk, nono, and kindirmo were collected over a period of 6 months (May to October, 2017). Standard microbiological procedures were employed in the isolation, identification,...
Anti-dermatophytic activity of hexane extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss.
August 2019
Dermatophytes cause superficial fungal infections that pose public health problem to man and animals. Long term treatment with antifungal agents is required to control these infections. Various parts of Azadirachta indica are claimed to have significant medicinal value in treatment of infections especially ringworm. To determine the antifungal activity of the oil and fractions against dermatophytes isolated from...
Optimisation of biological wastewater treatment for yeast processing effluent using cultured bacteria: Application of response surface methodology
August 2019
In the present study, the interactive effects of temperature and cultured bacteria on the performance of a biological treatment system of wastewater from a local yeast producing plant were investigated. The main objective of this study was to optimize the operating parameters that reduce organic load and colour. Biological treatment was conducted using a Central Composite Design (CCD) and optimised using Response...
Chemical analysis of the biomass of a native strain of Spirulina subsalsa Oersted ex Gomont 1892 (Spirulinaceae) cultivated in low-cost saline medium
August 2019
Spirulina subsalsa, a filamentous cyanobacterium, was first described by Gomont in 1892. This microorganism has been subject to biotechnological evaluations, due to their high content of proteins and pigments. The objective of this study was to analyze the biochemical composition of the biomass of a native strain of S. subsalsa cultivated in low-cost saline medium and harvested in the exponential and stationary phases...
Prevalence of urinary tract infection and antibiotic resistance pattern in pregnant women, Najran region, Saudi Arabia
August 2019
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the commonest infectious disease in pregnancy, and in pregnancy we have very limited number of antibiotics to treat the UTI. This study was conducted on 151 patients who attended the gynecology clinic during the study period. Nineteen UTI proven cases of UTI were studied for prevalence of microorganism and sensitivity pattern against different antibiotics. Among the bacteria...
Detection of multidrug-resistant enterobacteria simultaneously producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases of the PER and GES types isolated at Saint Camille Hospital Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
August 2019
Resistance to a wide variety of common antibiotics is observed among clinical strains designated as extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers. These produce enzymatic proteins that effectively inactivate cephalosporins and aztreonam and are a serious global health problem that complicates treatment strategies. Many studies report a high prevalence of ESBL producers among Gram-negative bacilli. The purpose of...
Extended spectrum beta-lactamase production and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance among lactose non-fermenting nterobacteriaceae isolated from poultry sources in Calabar, Nigeria
July 2019
This study investigated the co-carriage of plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) and extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing lactose non-fermenting (LNF) Enterobacteriaceae isolated from poultry birds. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out between September, 2016 and March, 2017. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns....
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. in the nasal cavity of dental surgeon’s professors
July 2019
The aim of the study is to investigate the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. nasal colonization among dental surgeon professors. Dental surgeon professors of a Higher Education Institution (HEI) responded to a questionnaire covering sociodemographic, employment and behavioral data, and were subjected to clinical specimen collection by nasal swab. Identification and susceptibility testing of bacteria were...
Detection of tetracycline resistant E. coli and Salmonella spp. in sewage, river, pond and swimming pool in Mymensingh, Bangladesh
July 2019
Antibiotic resistant bacteria and resistance genes in the environment are major health problem globally. The present study was undertaken to detect antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in sewage, river, pond and swimming pool. Emphasis was given on tetracycline resistant phenotype and genotype, since, tetracycline is a widely used antibiotics. Isolation and identification of antibiotic resistant E....
Detection of mutations in ampC promoter/attenuator gene in Escherichia coli from dairy cows in Rio de Janeiro and Mato Grosso, Brazil
July 2019
Escherichia coli present the ampC naturally, and the observation of phenotypical resistance to cefoxitin is related to this gene deregulation. Mutations in the regulatory region in ampC cause exaggerated expression. The most frequent alterations in the E. coli AmpC promoter/attenuator leading to this overexpression is described at the positions: -88, -82, -42, -18, -1 and +58. Mastitis studies were carried in Rio de...
Microbial community structure in confluence region of Huang, Wei and Luo rivers in Guanzhong plain in central China
June 2019
To investigating microbial abundance and community in confluence region of Huang, Wei and Luo rivers in Guanzhong plain in central China, plates culture were used to visualize quantity of soil microorganism colony, polymerase chain reaction and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) were used to detect microorganism abundance and community. The results show that microorganism reduce in winter with the...
Shiga toxigenic, enteroinvasive and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in fish from experimental fish farm (Layo), Côte d’Ivoire
June 2019
The objective of this study was to know the sanitary quality of fish coming from Layo farm. Twenty fishes (Oreochromis niloticus), were selected in four ponds and Escherichia coli were isolated in gills and viscera according to microbiological methods. One hundred and twenty strains of E. coli were isolated, and their virulence was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers. Eleven (11) strains...
Comparative in vitro antimicrobial effect of Sarcocephalus latifolius (Sm.) E. A. Bruce leaves and roots on foodborne pathogens
June 2019
Sarcocephalus latifolius (Sm.) E. A. Bruce is a plant used traditionally to treat a wide range of infectious diseases, including foodborne ones. This study aimed to compare its roots and leaves extract antibacterial effects in vitro. Thus, these organs were collected, dried and powdered for the extractions and phytochemical screening. Four extracts (water, ethyl-acetate, methanol and ethanol) were tested on ten...
Airborne bacterial diversity and antibiotic resistance patterns in operating theatre and paediatric wards in Botswana hospitals
June 2019
There is presently no information on the occurrence, abundance and diversity of airborne bacteria in Botswana hospitals. There is also growing concern in the global spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria that continue to emerge and pose serious challenge to human health. This study was aimed at determining the occurrence, relative abundance and diversity of airborne bacterial species and their antibiotic resistance...
Antibacterial, muscle relaxant, and hypnotic effects of seeds of Peganum harmala on mice
June 2019
Peganum harmala seed extract has been frequently reported to possess antibacterial potential through in vivo studies. P. harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae) is one of the most famous medicinal plants used in traditional medicine of Iraq. The harmaline, harmalol and harmine exerted many pharmacodynemic effects on the central nervous system: stimulation and depression depending on the dose. P. harmala indicates a great variety of...
Antifungal susceptibility pattern and identification of Candida species in women of child-bearing age suffering from malaria, typhoid and diabetes in Nsukka, Nigeria
May 2019
Candidiasis in women of child-bearing age is a major problem in most hospitals in Nigeria. High vaginal swabs were analyzed for Candida presence in women of child bearing age using Chromogenic agar. Isolated Candida spp. were analyzed phylogenetically to trace their evolutionary relatedness. Growth rate assay was done using Sabouruand and Dextrose medium supplemented with NaCl and glucose. The resistance pattern of the...
Parents’ knowledge and attitude toward antibiotic misuse in children with upper respiratory tract infections in the Western region of Saudi Arabia
May 2019
Misuse of antibiotics in children is a major public health problem which may lead to increase antibiotic resistance in paediatric population. This study aims to evaluate parents’ knowledge and attitude toward antibiotic use in children with upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in the Western region of Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted using self-administered questionnaire on parents of...
Evaluation of brewing potentials of grains, malts and worts of some sweet sorghum and sorghum varieties
May 2019
Little or no attention has so far been paid to using sweet sorghum malt for commercial beer brewing. Thus, three sweet sorghum varieties (SSV) and four sorghum varieties (SV) were analyzed for brewing quality. Variations were observed in their thousand grain weights (22.8 to 58.7 g), grain moisture contents (12.5 to 20.5%), germination energies (99.0 to 100%) and germination capacities (99.7 to 100%). After 4-day...
Occurrence of Cucumber mosaic virus subgroup IA and IB isolates in pepper in Nigeria
May 2019
This study characterized Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infecting pepper in Southwestern Nigeria with the aim of providing up-to-date information on the taxonomic subgroup(s) of the parading strains in the study area. Fifty pepper leaf samples with one or more symptoms of mottling, mosaic, necrosis, leaf distortion and stunting were collected from eight commercial farms across Southwestern Nigeria and screened for CMV...
Evaluation of commercial rapid test kits to determine the effective diagnostic method for dengue in a low resource setting
May 2019
Conventional commercially available rapid immuno-chromatographic tests (ICTs) or diagnostic kits were evaluated for their sensitivity, specificity, cost and turnaround time (TAT) results with Dengue IgM/IgG capture enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) as the standard test, in blood samples from a cross-section of individuals with clinical features suggestive of dengue fever attending health care facilities in the...
Anti-quorum quenching activity of methyl gallate isolated from galls of Guiera senegalensis J. F. Gmel (Combretaceae)
April 2019
Many pathogenic bacteria produce virulence factors controlled by a mechanism of regulation named quorum sensing (QS). Inhibition of bacterial QS system is a more recent therapeutic approach to counterbalance the emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria. This study aimed to assess the abilities of methanol extract from Guiera senegalensis galls and its isolated compound methyl gallate to quench the quorum sensing...
Isolation and antibiotic resistance profiles of bacteria from influent, effluent and downstream: A study in Botswana
April 2019
Antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been globally considered environmental contaminants that pose a serious problem to the health of humans, animals and the ecosystem. The primary objective of the study was to characterize the antibiotic resistance phenotypes and genotypes of bacterial isolates from Gaborone wastewater treatment plant (GWWTP) and the downstream environment...
Studies on the physicochemical and bacteriological properties of some semi-public Swimming pools in Makurdi, Nigeria
April 2019
Recreational waters are routes of transmission for most water-related illnesses. In this study, the water quality of five selected swimming pools (SP) was examined after disinfection prior to bathing and after bathing by swimmers. SP sampling was carried out weekly for 4 weeks between August and September in Makurdi, Nigeria. Bacterial loads and physicochemical parameters were determined using standard and standard...
Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from human dental infection
April 2019
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen causing dental infection and systemic infections in human body. This organism decreases susceptibility to several types of antibiotics every day and becomes more resistant which is a growing sense of concern in this era. Considering this fact, the study was attempted to characterize the S. aureus from human dental infection and to determine the antibiogram profile of...
Abilities of Achyla orion and Allomyces anomalus to degrade petroleum and petroleum products as sole carbon sources
April 2019
Abilities of Achyla orion and Allomyces anomalus isolated from some crude oil polluted aquatic environments in Nigeria to biodegrade petroleum and petroleum products were determined. Baiting method using hemp and sesame seeds was used to isolate the two species of aquatic phycomycetes. The species were grown in liquid broth culture made of minimal mineral salts supplemented separately with petrol, diesel and...
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