Seroprevalence of canine leptospirosis, in Urban and Periurban, Morogoro, Tanzania
June 2018
A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Morogoro region, Tanzania, to determine the seroprevalence of canine Leptospira exposure. A total of 232 sera were collected from apparently healthy dogs in Mvomero, Morogoro Urban and Morogoro Rural districts. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was performed following standard procedure using panel of six Leptospira serovars. Within the districts, positive reactions...
Isolation and identification of Escherichia coli and Edwardsiella tarda from fish harvested for human consumption from Zeway Lake, Ethiopia
May 2018
A cross sectional study was conducted from November to June 2014/2015 in fish harvested for human consumption at Lake Zeway with the objective of isolating Edwardsiella tarda and Escherichia coli important pathogens and contaminants its products. Three hundred tissue samples comprising Spleen, Liver and Intestine were collected from 100 fish (12 Clarias gariepenus and 88 Oreochromis niloticus) originated from lake...
In-vitro antibiotic susceptibility profile of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi isolated from fecal specimens of humans in Umuahia metropolis, Abia State, Nigeria
May 2018
Typhoid is routinely diagnosed in Nigeria on clinical grounds or based on Widal serological test result. This approach does not provide information on the antibiotic susceptibility of the bacterium; Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi. This study was done to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Salmonella isolates in Umuahia. In this study, seventy-two (72) Salmonella isolates obtained from 135 fecal...
Antimicrobial activity of the extracts of Albizia masikororum R.Vig., a Fabaceae from Madagascar
May 2018
This study is aimed at the assessment of antimicrobial potential of Albizia masikororum, a Malagasy Fabaceae. Hexanic and methanolic extracts from fruit pods, stem bark, leaves and seeds were tested by disc diffusion and microdilution methods on 10 pathogenic microorganisms including four Gram positive bacteria, five Gram negative bacteria and one yeast. Only the leaf and seed methanolic extracts, LME and SME...
Emphasis on functional properties of cocoa-specific acidifying lactic acid bacteria for cocoa beans fermentation improvement
May 2018
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from six main Ivorian cocoa producer regions were investigated based on their biochemical properties in order to select the best one as potential starter. Three main technological and useful properties for good cocoa beans fermentation were monitored among the 568 isolated LAB strains. Thus, between the 408 cocoa-specific acidifying LAB strains identified, 05.88% (24 isolates)...
Molecular characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from a ready-to-eat fermented milk and cereal product, Fura-de-Nunu
May 2018
This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of Listeria (L.) monocytogenes in Fura-de-Nunu, a ready-to-eat (RTE) fermented milk (Nunu) and cereal (Fura) blend, the serogroups as well as the virulence of the isolates. A total of 75 Fura and 75 Nunu samples were examined. Listeria species were isolated on PALCAM medium and Listeria chromogenic agar, and identified phenotypically according to International...
Effect of processing methods on the chemical composition and microbiological quality of vegetable drink extract of african bush mango (Irvingia gabonensis)
May 2018
The effect of processing methods on the chemical composition, proximate, mineral, vitamin and microbiological quality of vegetable drink extract of Irvingia gabonensis was studied. The processing methods included drying (shade and solar drying), blanching (at 0, 2, 4 and 6 min) as well as blanching and drying of the leaves. Aqueous extracts were obtained from the leaves and the analysis carried out using standard...
Antibacterial activity of selected Dendrobium species against clinically isolated multiple drug resistant bacteria
May 2018
Dendrobium species are widely used in traditional medicine as remedies for tonic to nourish the stomach, promote the production of body fluids and decrease fever. In this study, the antibacterial activities of four traditionally used Dendrobium species were tested against clinically isolated multiple drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. Hexane, chloroform, acetone, ethanol and methanol extracts of Dendrobium amoenum,...
Bactericidal and brine shrimps toxicity of essential oils from Aframomum Melegueta [K. Schum]
May 2018
Aframomum melegueta (Roscoe) K. Schum, family of Zingiberaceae, is a tropical tree with spicy edible fruit. This plant has both medicinal and nutritive values. There is paucity of literature on the toxicity and bioactivity of the essential oils from this plant from Nigeria. Essential oils were extracted from the leaves, stems, roots (rhizomes) and seeds of the plant through hydro-distillation using the Clevenger-type...
OXA-48 type carbapenemase in Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended spectrum B-lactamases (ESBL) in Senegal
May 2018
Enterobactericeae producing extended spectrum b-lactamases (ESBL) are likely to express carbapenemases OXA-48 which have hydrolytic activity on carbapenems. The aim of this work was to evaluate prevalence of blaOXA-48 for Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates producing ESBL. This work was conducted at the French Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance with strains from Senegalese Hospital. Standard antibiogram was performed...
Isolation, identification and bioactivity of fungal endophytes from selected Kenyan medicinal plants
May 2018
Infectious diseases remain a global health burden due to development of antibiotic resistance by pathogenic microorganisms. Antibiotic resistance has led to increased number of deaths among children and adults. This study sought to isolate and identify fungal endophytes from selected Kenyan medicinal plants and screen them and their extracts for bioactivity against selected test human pathogens. Fifty-five fungal...
Effectiveness of exopolysaccharides and biofilm forming plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on salinity tolerance of faba bean (Vicia faba L.)
May 2018
This study aimed to investigate the production of biofilm and exopolysaccharides by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) under different salt concentrations. In this study, the activity of biofilm formation and exopolysaccharides production by 20 strains of PGPR which previously isolated and identified from root samples of different crops were determined under different salt concentrations. Out of 20 strains,...
Metagenomic analysis of enteric bacterial pathogens affecting the performance of dairy cows in smallholder productions systems
May 2018
There is little information about the diversity of bacterial pathogens present in the rumen and feces of healthy cow and the subsequent effects on the performance of the host animal. The objectives of the present study were to genetically characterize the enteric bacterial pathogens found in the rumen fluid and cow feces and to identify the resistant genes responsible for antimicrobial resistance in the detected...
Drug resistance in African animal trypanosomes: A review
May 2018
Animal African trypanosmiasis (AAT) is the most important factor contributing to the sub potential performance of livestock. AAT is caused by Trypanosoma congolense, Trypanosoma vivax and Trypanosoma brucei. Chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis are the major means of combating the disease. An estimated 17 million cattle are treated with trypanocides annually. The emergence of drug-resistant trypanosome strains is...
blaKPC-2 and blaOXA-48 producing Klebsiella pneumoniae found in a Turkish hospital in the Balkans
April 2018
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae carrying blaKPC-2, blaOxa48, and other metallo-ï¢-lactamases (MBLs) are difficult to treat. This study was conducted to study the phenotypic and genotypic features of carbapenem resistance in isolates of K. pneumoniae isolated from a tertiary care hospital in the European region of Turkey. Isolates of K. pneumonia (n=100) resistant to at least one carbapenem (imipenem,...
Good hygiene practices and microbiological contamination in commercial restaurants
April 2018
Food services and commercial restaurants have gained more space in people’s lives. Thus, people are more concerned about food security and sanitary hygiene. The present study evaluated practices of manipulation and contamination of environments and the preparation of surfaces in commercial restaurants in Vitória-ES, Brazil. Data on good practices were collected through a checklist proposal based on the RDC...
Ameliorative effect of imipenem on pulmonary damage caused by extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria isolates from non- human source
April 2018
Acute lung infection induced by Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBL) producing isolates was determined by measuring inflammatory mediators; malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and nitric oxide (NO). The mice were randomly divided into three groups of 20 animals each. All mice were given 104 c.f.u. ml-1 of the test organism intranasally in a volume of 50 µl while holding the mouse in an upright...
Effect of indigenous and effective microorganism fertilizers on soil microorganisms and yield of Irish potato in Bambili, Cameroon
April 2018
Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum) is one of the world’s most consumed staple worldwide and an important crop in terms of food security in the face of population growth and increased hunger rates. Potato yields in Cameroon have often been low as a result of decrease in soil fertility. Soil fertility has often been regarded as the chemical and physical properties of soil, with the microbial aspect often being...
Screening of bioactive compound, antimicrobial activity producing halophilic isolates from the saltpans of Thoothukudi district
April 2018
Extreme environments harbor a number of microbes producing novel bioactive compounds. The aim of our study is to isolate and identify bioactive compound producing halophiles. Marine soil sediments were collected from the solar saltpans of Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu, India. Based on colony morphology, two species were isolated and identification was done by using morphological and biochemical tests. The extracts of...
Characterization of p30 membrane protein gene of Mycoplasma agalactiae isolates by polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease enzyme assay
April 2018
Seven hundred and eight (708) samples collected from the goats of Gujarat were screened for Mycoplasma agalactiae by culture and PCR using 16S rRNA based genus specific and species-specific primers. Amplification of the p30 membrane protein gene was carried out using specific primers and the resultant amplicons were subjected to restriction enzyme analysis. The isolates yielded 715 bp and 360 bp products with...
Evaluation of gene xpert assay and microscopic examination for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum at Port Harcourt, Nigeria
April 2018
The re-emergence and increase in the prevalence of tuberculosis cases and multidrug resistant strains is of public health concern. The conventional Acid Fast Bacilli detection tool is weak in the current disease trend especially in children, patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and low bacterial load. The aim of this research was to assess effectiveness of the Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay and Microscopy in...
Assessment of antimicrobial resistance patterns in Escherichia coli isolated from clinical samples in Madinah, Saudi Arabia
April 2018
Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative bacteria that causes various diseases, including pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and diarrhoea. The present work is an effort to study antimicrobial resistance pattern in this bacteria. Clinical samples (6840) were collected from King Fahd Hospital in Madinah, Saudi Arabia and screened for E. coli strains. Of all positive samples obtained from different clinical sources, about 3%...
Identification of insect and disease associated to citrus in Northern Ethiopia
April 2018
The survey was carried out in 2016 in the production of citrus fruits at Adiha and Sheka Tekli irrigation schemes of Kolla Tembien and Tanqua Abergelle districts, to assess the type of diseases, the causes and the characteristic symptoms of the diseases and to identify the types of insect pests that inflict serious damage. The laboratory analysis result depicted that bacteria and fungi caused most of the diseases of...
Incidence of bacterial infection in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients with cirrhosis and association between toll-like receptor 4 D299G gene polymorphism and Gram- negative bacterial infections in the patients
April 2018
This study aimed to investigate the incidence of bacterial infection in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients with cirrhosis and association between toll-like receptor 4 D299G gene polymorphism and Gram-negative bacterial infections in the patients. 100 HCV cirrhotic patients with ascites and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects as control were included. Conventional culture methods were used to identify the...
Assessment of the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Gram-negative bacilli at the Charles De Gaulle Paediatric University Hospital (CDG-PUH), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
April 2018
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a serious concern in developing countries due to precarious hygiene conditions, inappropriate prescription as well as self-medication and free sale of antibiotics. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of strains producing extended-spectrum beta- lactamase in the Gram negative bacteria isolated in the laboratory. The study was conducted in the Charles De Gaulle Paediatric...
Isolation, identification and evaluation of mosquito entomopathogenic Bacillus species and related genera from randomly selected sites in Kenya
March 2018
This study was carried out to identify specific mosquitocidal Bacillus species and related genera for future development of biopesticides in local mosquito control program in Kenya. Bacterial isolation was conducted from 100 soil samples through pasteurization method and preliminary identification conducted through phenotypical analysis. Toxicity analysis was performed through bioassays and lethal concentrations (LC)...
Management of bacterial wilt disease of potato in coastal plains of Odisha
March 2018
Bacterial wilt and brown rot caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most dreaded diseases causing 30 to 70% yield loss in India. The disease is both tuber and soil borne. A field trial was conducted following split plot design in the year 2008 to 09 and 2009 to 10 under All India Co-ordinated Potato Research Project in Central Farm, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India with...
Influence of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of some bioactive compounds on the biofilm formation ability and virulence factors of multiple drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates
March 2018
The objective of this study was to assess the impact of subminimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of chosen antimicrobial agents (Amikacin, imipenem, benzalkonium chloride, and chlorhexidine) and natural product (garlic) on biofilm formation ability, bacterial adherence and invasion. Susceptibility profiles of 50 non-repetitive Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates to eight antibiotics were investigated. MIC...
Physiochemical factors affecting in vitro growth of Pasteurella multocida
March 2018
Pasteurella multocida causes fowl cholera (FC), a contagious bacterial disease of domestic and wild avian species. It is a Gram negative coccobacilli causing acute highly fatal septicemia with high morbidity and mortality rate. Control of fowl cholera is primarily performed by good management practice and vaccination in areas where disease is endemic. For a quality vaccine, high density growth of P. multocida along with...
Antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of endophytic fungi from Oryctanthus alveolatus (Kunth) Kuijt (Mistletoe)
March 2018
The use of antibiotics has unleashed high bacterial resistance. This outcome triggered the urgent need for effective new antibacterial agents to treat infectious diseases. A promising source for the production of antibiotics and several other bioactive substances are endophytic fungi. These microorganisms inhabit in and bring benefits to living plant tissues. Thus, the aim of this paper was to know the endophytic fungi...
Evidence of curtovirus competition and synergy in co-infected plant hosts
March 2018
Curtoviruses, members of the Geminiviridae, have wide host ranges, including weeds and crops and are often found in mixed infections of different strains. While other members of the Geminiviridae have been demonstrated to interact through competition and synergism in mixed infections in plants, either type of interaction has not been reported in curtoviruses. This research used qPCR to study the interactions between...
Potassium phosphite reduction of Candidatus Liberibacter spp. population on leaves of 'Ponkan' tangerines tree with huanglongbing
March 2018
The objective of this work was to evaluate the population variation dynamics of Candidatus Liberibacter spp. under phosphite applications. The 'Ponkan' tangerines (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Ponkan) with symptoms and a high degree of huanglongbing (HLB) severity were used for the test. 'Ponkan' tangerine plants were treated with potassium phosphite leaf applications at a dose of 2.5 L ha-1....
Efficacy of two probiotics in the control of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in experimentally infected lambs
March 2018
This study was designed to determine the efficacy of probiotics mixture in the control of Shiga-toxin Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 in experimentally infected lambs. Fifteen Yankassa breed of lambs aged between 3-4 weeks old were used. The lambs were divided into three groups of five lambs each (n=5). Group A: Neither probiotics nor STEC O157:H7 were administered (control), Group B: lambs were administered...
The effect of Thymus vulgaris on growth and biofilm formation of uropathogenic Escherichia coli
March 2018
Currently, a problem related to public health is resistance to antibiotics because bacteria have been identified to be resistant. It has been reported that bacteria have developed resistance mechanisms to evade the effect of drugs, especially antibiotics. A resistance mechanism to antibiotics is biofilm formation. The biofilms are microbial communities embedded in an extracellular polymeric matrix and are ubiquitous in...
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) growing in Ethiopia are nodulated by diverse rhizobia
March 2018
A total of eighty one (81) rhizobial isolates were recovered from root nodules of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown in soils collected from eight different sites (Hawassa, Wondogenet, Chofa, Badawacho, Bodity, Gofa, Ziway, and Alemtena) in Ethiopia with no known history of inoculation. The test isolates together with seven reference strains belonging to five genera including...
Virulence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from frozen vegetables available in the Egyptian market
March 2018
Listeria monocytogenes is among the most important foodborne pathogens. It may enter food-processing environments through raw materials, handlers or equipment and may persist due to ineffective cleaning or sanitation. The bacterium can be isolated from both frozen vegetables and fresh food substances. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in spices and frozen vegetables and screen for some...
Genotypic detection of the virulence factors of uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic and urinary tract infected patients in Khartoum State, Sudan
March 2018
This study aimed to identify some important virulence factors, including pap, fim, sfa, aer and hly genes, typical of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) in isolates collected from diarrheic and urinary tract infected patients in Khartoum State by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. A total of 100 clinical specimens (50 urine and 50 diarrhea) were collected. Samples were cultured and identified by...
Prevalence and virulence determinants of Escherichia coli isolated from raw cow's milk
March 2018
Raw milk plays an important role in the survival and transport of pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli strains. This study was performed to determine the existence of E. coli in raw milk intended for human consumption and its associated virulence determinants. In this context, a total of 232 milk samples were obtained from different dairy shops located at Mansoura city and its surrounding villages. Milk...
Pathological effects of staphylococcal species (S. aureus, S. xylosus and S. lentus) on some visceral organs (liver, kidney and bladder) of wistar rats following intraperitoneal inoculation
February 2018
Following the intraperitoneal inoculation of 200 Wistar rats (96 males, 96 females and 8 controls) aged 2 to4 months with graded-doses of saline and peptone water broth cultures of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus xylosus and Staphylococcus lentus isolates obtained from urinary tract infection (UTI) in Enugu, Nigeria and typed down to species using API® Staph typing kit, the rats were observed for 72 h and were...
Isolation and phenotypic characterization of actinomycetes from Rabat neighborhood soil and their potential to produce bioactive compounds
February 2018
This study aimed to examine the isolation of actinomycetes strains from unexplored Rabat neighbourhood soil followed by phenotypic diversity highlight to access their potential as novel bioactive compounds producers. Twenty nine actinomycetes strains were isolated from southeast of Rabat region. Morphological and cultural characterization, pigment production and antibacterial assay were carried out. All isolates (100%)...
Antibacterial and anti-adherent effect of Mimosa tenuiflora and Myrciaria cauliflora on dental biofilm bacteria
February 2018
The use of plants in the prevention and treatment of oral infectious and as an antibiofilm agent continues to be valued in many parts of the world. The aim of study is to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial action of the plant extracts of barks Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.), Poir. (jurema preta) and leaf and stem of Myrciaria cauliflora Berg. (jabuticabeira) against dental biofilm bactéria. The oral bacteria were used...
Investigation on biosuppression of Fusarium crown and root rot of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and growth promotion using fungi naturally associated to Solanum linnaeanum L.
February 2018
Fusarium crown and root rot (FCRR) is a serious tomato disease in Tunisia which is difficult to control due to its soilborne nature and to the luck of genetic resistance. In the current study, native Solanum linnaeanum was explored as potential source of effective fungal agents for disease biocontrol. Eight fungal isolates, recovered from S. linnaeanum plants growing in the Tunisian Centre-East and shown able to...
Prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamases in multidrug resistant strains of Gram-negative bacteria
February 2018
Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes that are now becoming major sources of resistance to β-lactamase antibiotics more especially in enteric bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Increase in the frequency of the β-lactam resistance in bacteria has become a serious threat for treating bacterial infections caused by enterobacteriaceae. This study aims to...
Effect of maize and peanut crops on Ivory Coast northern soil biological activities and their response to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation
February 2018
The overuse of chemical fertilizers in agriculture remains an environmental concern, especially in sub-Saharan areas of Africa where soil degradation lead to low crop yield. Crop inoculation with beneficial microorganisms appears a good alternative to reduce chemical substances and improve yield. In this regard, studies on soil biological activities and inoculation experiments on maize (Zea mays L.) and peanut (Arachis...
Parameter optimization of pyoverdine content and growth kinetics on Pseudomonas fluorescens pf-10 strain in iron deficient liquid state media
February 2018
Iron nutrition in bacteria presents a fundamental challenge due to its extremely low solubility in aerobic environments at moderate pH. For optimal growth, Pseudomonas bacteria necessitate about 10 e-6 to 10 e-7 M of bioavailable iron and therefore solve an iron supply problem for survival by synthesizing and exporting a low-molecular-weight compound called siderophore. The latter has a high iron binding capability from...
Molecular epidemiology of Coxiella burnetii in human, animals and ticks in Bangladesh
February 2018
Q fever, caused by Coxiella burnetti is a well recognised zoonotic disease around the world which is endemic in many countries. In Bangladesh, a very few information is available in men and animals about this disease. Thus, the objective of this study is to determine the presence of Q fever in animal (goat and cattle) and human population including the tick which is a vector of the disease. A total of 172 animals with...
Evaluation of safety and immunogenicity of combined blackleg and hemorrhagic septicemia vaccine
February 2018
To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of combined hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) and blackleg (BL) vaccine, combined vaccine was produced in two different formulations (group one, G1 and group two, G2) and compared with safety and immunogenicity of monovalent Hs and BL vaccines in different doses. G1 combined vaccine was vaccinated in 4 and 2 ml in to five calves each while G2 combined vaccine, the monovalent HS and...
Shelf life enhancement of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria using a simple formulation screening method
February 2018
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a specific group of bacteria interacting beneficially with plants. Among the known PGPRs, the species Pseudomonas fluorescens and Burkholderia pyrrocinia have been highlighted in both growth promotion and control of rice diseases. Ensuring the stability of the microorganism during production, formulation, distribution and storage has been a challenge for these species. In...
Sugarcane growth promotion by Kosakonia sp. ICB117 an endophytic and diazotrophic bacterium
February 2018
The present study investigates the strain Kosakonia sp. ICB117, an endophytic, N2-fixing bacterium that belongs to a genus recently described. The bacteria were isolated from sugarcane stalks (Saccharum sp. variety SP791011) and inoculated into other sugarcane plants of the same variety. The effect of inoculation on sugarcane growth was then studied in the presence or absence of nitrate supplementation (10 mM). The...
Phenotypic characteristics of rhizobial and non-rhizobial isolates recovered from root nodules of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) grown in Ethiopia
January 2018
Fifty endophytic bacteria recovered from surface sterilized root nodules of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) grown in Ethiopia were authenticated using three chickpea cultivars (Natoli, ICC-4918 and ICC-5003). These isolates were characterized based on morphological and phenotypic traits. The test isolates were divided into two: bacteria nodulating chickpea (27 isolates, Group I] and endophytic non-nodulating bacteria (23...
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