Screening of bioactive compound, antimicrobial activity producing halophilic isolates from the saltpans of Thoothukudi district
April 2018
Extreme environments harbor a number of microbes producing novel bioactive compounds. The aim of our study is to isolate and identify bioactive compound producing halophiles. Marine soil sediments were collected from the solar saltpans of Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu, India. Based on colony morphology, two species were isolated and identification was done by using morphological and biochemical tests. The extracts of...
Characterization of p30 membrane protein gene of Mycoplasma agalactiae isolates by polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease enzyme assay
April 2018
Seven hundred and eight (708) samples collected from the goats of Gujarat were screened for Mycoplasma agalactiae by culture and PCR using 16S rRNA based genus specific and species-specific primers. Amplification of the p30 membrane protein gene was carried out using specific primers and the resultant amplicons were subjected to restriction enzyme analysis. The isolates yielded 715 bp and 360 bp products with...
Evaluation of gene xpert assay and microscopic examination for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum at Port Harcourt, Nigeria
April 2018
The re-emergence and increase in the prevalence of tuberculosis cases and multidrug resistant strains is of public health concern. The conventional Acid Fast Bacilli detection tool is weak in the current disease trend especially in children, patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and low bacterial load. The aim of this research was to assess effectiveness of the Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay and Microscopy in...
Assessment of antimicrobial resistance patterns in Escherichia coli isolated from clinical samples in Madinah, Saudi Arabia
April 2018
Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative bacteria that causes various diseases, including pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and diarrhoea. The present work is an effort to study antimicrobial resistance pattern in this bacteria. Clinical samples (6840) were collected from King Fahd Hospital in Madinah, Saudi Arabia and screened for E. coli strains. Of all positive samples obtained from different clinical sources, about 3%...
Identification of insect and disease associated to citrus in Northern Ethiopia
April 2018
The survey was carried out in 2016 in the production of citrus fruits at Adiha and Sheka Tekli irrigation schemes of Kolla Tembien and Tanqua Abergelle districts, to assess the type of diseases, the causes and the characteristic symptoms of the diseases and to identify the types of insect pests that inflict serious damage. The laboratory analysis result depicted that bacteria and fungi caused most of the diseases of...
Incidence of bacterial infection in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients with cirrhosis and association between toll-like receptor 4 D299G gene polymorphism and Gram- negative bacterial infections in the patients
April 2018
This study aimed to investigate the incidence of bacterial infection in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients with cirrhosis and association between toll-like receptor 4 D299G gene polymorphism and Gram-negative bacterial infections in the patients. 100 HCV cirrhotic patients with ascites and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects as control were included. Conventional culture methods were used to identify the...
Assessment of the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Gram-negative bacilli at the Charles De Gaulle Paediatric University Hospital (CDG-PUH), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
April 2018
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a serious concern in developing countries due to precarious hygiene conditions, inappropriate prescription as well as self-medication and free sale of antibiotics. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of strains producing extended-spectrum beta- lactamase in the Gram negative bacteria isolated in the laboratory. The study was conducted in the Charles De Gaulle Paediatric...
Isolation, identification and evaluation of mosquito entomopathogenic Bacillus species and related genera from randomly selected sites in Kenya
March 2018
This study was carried out to identify specific mosquitocidal Bacillus species and related genera for future development of biopesticides in local mosquito control program in Kenya. Bacterial isolation was conducted from 100 soil samples through pasteurization method and preliminary identification conducted through phenotypical analysis. Toxicity analysis was performed through bioassays and lethal concentrations (LC)...
Management of bacterial wilt disease of potato in coastal plains of Odisha
March 2018
Bacterial wilt and brown rot caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most dreaded diseases causing 30 to 70% yield loss in India. The disease is both tuber and soil borne. A field trial was conducted following split plot design in the year 2008 to 09 and 2009 to 10 under All India Co-ordinated Potato Research Project in Central Farm, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India with...
Influence of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of some bioactive compounds on the biofilm formation ability and virulence factors of multiple drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates
March 2018
The objective of this study was to assess the impact of subminimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of chosen antimicrobial agents (Amikacin, imipenem, benzalkonium chloride, and chlorhexidine) and natural product (garlic) on biofilm formation ability, bacterial adherence and invasion. Susceptibility profiles of 50 non-repetitive Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates to eight antibiotics were investigated. MIC...
Physiochemical factors affecting in vitro growth of Pasteurella multocida
March 2018
Pasteurella multocida causes fowl cholera (FC), a contagious bacterial disease of domestic and wild avian species. It is a Gram negative coccobacilli causing acute highly fatal septicemia with high morbidity and mortality rate. Control of fowl cholera is primarily performed by good management practice and vaccination in areas where disease is endemic. For a quality vaccine, high density growth of P. multocida along with...
Antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of endophytic fungi from Oryctanthus alveolatus (Kunth) Kuijt (Mistletoe)
March 2018
The use of antibiotics has unleashed high bacterial resistance. This outcome triggered the urgent need for effective new antibacterial agents to treat infectious diseases. A promising source for the production of antibiotics and several other bioactive substances are endophytic fungi. These microorganisms inhabit in and bring benefits to living plant tissues. Thus, the aim of this paper was to know the endophytic fungi...
Evidence of curtovirus competition and synergy in co-infected plant hosts
March 2018
Curtoviruses, members of the Geminiviridae, have wide host ranges, including weeds and crops and are often found in mixed infections of different strains. While other members of the Geminiviridae have been demonstrated to interact through competition and synergism in mixed infections in plants, either type of interaction has not been reported in curtoviruses. This research used qPCR to study the interactions between...
Potassium phosphite reduction of Candidatus Liberibacter spp. population on leaves of 'Ponkan' tangerines tree with huanglongbing
March 2018
The objective of this work was to evaluate the population variation dynamics of Candidatus Liberibacter spp. under phosphite applications. The 'Ponkan' tangerines (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Ponkan) with symptoms and a high degree of huanglongbing (HLB) severity were used for the test. 'Ponkan' tangerine plants were treated with potassium phosphite leaf applications at a dose of 2.5 L ha-1....
Efficacy of two probiotics in the control of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in experimentally infected lambs
March 2018
This study was designed to determine the efficacy of probiotics mixture in the control of Shiga-toxin Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 in experimentally infected lambs. Fifteen Yankassa breed of lambs aged between 3-4 weeks old were used. The lambs were divided into three groups of five lambs each (n=5). Group A: Neither probiotics nor STEC O157:H7 were administered (control), Group B: lambs were administered...
The effect of Thymus vulgaris on growth and biofilm formation of uropathogenic Escherichia coli
March 2018
Currently, a problem related to public health is resistance to antibiotics because bacteria have been identified to be resistant. It has been reported that bacteria have developed resistance mechanisms to evade the effect of drugs, especially antibiotics. A resistance mechanism to antibiotics is biofilm formation. The biofilms are microbial communities embedded in an extracellular polymeric matrix and are ubiquitous in...
Genotypic detection of the virulence factors of uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic and urinary tract infected patients in Khartoum State, Sudan
March 2018
This study aimed to identify some important virulence factors, including pap, fim, sfa, aer and hly genes, typical of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) in isolates collected from diarrheic and urinary tract infected patients in Khartoum State by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. A total of 100 clinical specimens (50 urine and 50 diarrhea) were collected. Samples were cultured and identified by...
Prevalence and virulence determinants of Escherichia coli isolated from raw cow's milk
March 2018
Raw milk plays an important role in the survival and transport of pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli strains. This study was performed to determine the existence of E. coli in raw milk intended for human consumption and its associated virulence determinants. In this context, a total of 232 milk samples were obtained from different dairy shops located at Mansoura city and its surrounding villages. Milk...
Virulence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from frozen vegetables available in the Egyptian market
March 2018
Listeria monocytogenes is among the most important foodborne pathogens. It may enter food-processing environments through raw materials, handlers or equipment and may persist due to ineffective cleaning or sanitation. The bacterium can be isolated from both frozen vegetables and fresh food substances. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in spices and frozen vegetables and screen for some...
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) growing in Ethiopia are nodulated by diverse rhizobia
March 2018
A total of eighty one (81) rhizobial isolates were recovered from root nodules of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown in soils collected from eight different sites (Hawassa, Wondogenet, Chofa, Badawacho, Bodity, Gofa, Ziway, and Alemtena) in Ethiopia with no known history of inoculation. The test isolates together with seven reference strains belonging to five genera including...
Pathological effects of staphylococcal species (S. aureus, S. xylosus and S. lentus) on some visceral organs (liver, kidney and bladder) of wistar rats following intraperitoneal inoculation
February 2018
Following the intraperitoneal inoculation of 200 Wistar rats (96 males, 96 females and 8 controls) aged 2 to4 months with graded-doses of saline and peptone water broth cultures of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus xylosus and Staphylococcus lentus isolates obtained from urinary tract infection (UTI) in Enugu, Nigeria and typed down to species using API® Staph typing kit, the rats were observed for 72 h and were...
Isolation and phenotypic characterization of actinomycetes from Rabat neighborhood soil and their potential to produce bioactive compounds
February 2018
This study aimed to examine the isolation of actinomycetes strains from unexplored Rabat neighbourhood soil followed by phenotypic diversity highlight to access their potential as novel bioactive compounds producers. Twenty nine actinomycetes strains were isolated from southeast of Rabat region. Morphological and cultural characterization, pigment production and antibacterial assay were carried out. All isolates (100%)...
Antibacterial and anti-adherent effect of Mimosa tenuiflora and Myrciaria cauliflora on dental biofilm bacteria
February 2018
The use of plants in the prevention and treatment of oral infectious and as an antibiofilm agent continues to be valued in many parts of the world. The aim of study is to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial action of the plant extracts of barks Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.), Poir. (jurema preta) and leaf and stem of Myrciaria cauliflora Berg. (jabuticabeira) against dental biofilm bactéria. The oral bacteria were used...
Effect of maize and peanut crops on Ivory Coast northern soil biological activities and their response to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation
February 2018
The overuse of chemical fertilizers in agriculture remains an environmental concern, especially in sub-Saharan areas of Africa where soil degradation lead to low crop yield. Crop inoculation with beneficial microorganisms appears a good alternative to reduce chemical substances and improve yield. In this regard, studies on soil biological activities and inoculation experiments on maize (Zea mays L.) and peanut (Arachis...
Investigation on biosuppression of Fusarium crown and root rot of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and growth promotion using fungi naturally associated to Solanum linnaeanum L.
February 2018
Fusarium crown and root rot (FCRR) is a serious tomato disease in Tunisia which is difficult to control due to its soilborne nature and to the luck of genetic resistance. In the current study, native Solanum linnaeanum was explored as potential source of effective fungal agents for disease biocontrol. Eight fungal isolates, recovered from S. linnaeanum plants growing in the Tunisian Centre-East and shown able to...
Prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamases in multidrug resistant strains of Gram-negative bacteria
February 2018
Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes that are now becoming major sources of resistance to β-lactamase antibiotics more especially in enteric bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Increase in the frequency of the β-lactam resistance in bacteria has become a serious threat for treating bacterial infections caused by enterobacteriaceae. This study aims to...
Evaluation of safety and immunogenicity of combined blackleg and hemorrhagic septicemia vaccine
February 2018
To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of combined hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) and blackleg (BL) vaccine, combined vaccine was produced in two different formulations (group one, G1 and group two, G2) and compared with safety and immunogenicity of monovalent Hs and BL vaccines in different doses. G1 combined vaccine was vaccinated in 4 and 2 ml in to five calves each while G2 combined vaccine, the monovalent HS and...
Molecular epidemiology of Coxiella burnetii in human, animals and ticks in Bangladesh
February 2018
Q fever, caused by Coxiella burnetti is a well recognised zoonotic disease around the world which is endemic in many countries. In Bangladesh, a very few information is available in men and animals about this disease. Thus, the objective of this study is to determine the presence of Q fever in animal (goat and cattle) and human population including the tick which is a vector of the disease. A total of 172 animals with...
Parameter optimization of pyoverdine content and growth kinetics on Pseudomonas fluorescens pf-10 strain in iron deficient liquid state media
February 2018
Iron nutrition in bacteria presents a fundamental challenge due to its extremely low solubility in aerobic environments at moderate pH. For optimal growth, Pseudomonas bacteria necessitate about 10 e-6 to 10 e-7 M of bioavailable iron and therefore solve an iron supply problem for survival by synthesizing and exporting a low-molecular-weight compound called siderophore. The latter has a high iron binding capability from...
Sugarcane growth promotion by Kosakonia sp. ICB117 an endophytic and diazotrophic bacterium
February 2018
The present study investigates the strain Kosakonia sp. ICB117, an endophytic, N2-fixing bacterium that belongs to a genus recently described. The bacteria were isolated from sugarcane stalks (Saccharum sp. variety SP791011) and inoculated into other sugarcane plants of the same variety. The effect of inoculation on sugarcane growth was then studied in the presence or absence of nitrate supplementation (10 mM). The...
Shelf life enhancement of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria using a simple formulation screening method
February 2018
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a specific group of bacteria interacting beneficially with plants. Among the known PGPRs, the species Pseudomonas fluorescens and Burkholderia pyrrocinia have been highlighted in both growth promotion and control of rice diseases. Ensuring the stability of the microorganism during production, formulation, distribution and storage has been a challenge for these species. In...
Phenotypic characteristics of rhizobial and non-rhizobial isolates recovered from root nodules of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) grown in Ethiopia
January 2018
Fifty endophytic bacteria recovered from surface sterilized root nodules of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) grown in Ethiopia were authenticated using three chickpea cultivars (Natoli, ICC-4918 and ICC-5003). These isolates were characterized based on morphological and phenotypic traits. The test isolates were divided into two: bacteria nodulating chickpea (27 isolates, Group I] and endophytic non-nodulating bacteria (23...
Direct identification of yeasts from blood culture by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry
January 2018
This study aimed to identify yeasts directly from positive blood cultures by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. This was a 5-month prospective study (February to June, 2015) carried out on bottles of blood cultures from in-patients at the Hôpital de l’ARCHET at the CHU, Nice. Positive blood culture broth was analysed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry using Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS) as the lysis buffer. Out of 64...
Nosocomial infections are still a major concern in peri-urban polyclinics in Ghana
January 2018
The study assessed potential sources of nosocomial infections as well as the knowledge of healthcare workers about these infections in a peri-urban polyclinic of Ghana. Swabs were taken in duplicates from beds in the wards, door knobs, sinks, nurses’ desks, taps handles, delivery beds, wound dressing rooms, and door and flashing handles of lavatories. After overnight incubation, the samples were serially diluted...
Quorum sensing: An imperative longevity weapon in bacteria
January 2018
Bacterial cells exhibit a complex pattern of co-operative behaviour as shown by their capacity to communicate amongst each other. Quorum sensing (QS) is a generic term used for bacterial cell-to-cell communication which secures survival of its species. Many QS bacteria produce and release autoinducers like acyl-homoserine lactone-signaling molecules to regulate cell population density. Different species of bacteria...
Antibiotic susceptibility and serotype patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from clinical isolates in Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire
January 2018
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) has been found to be a common hospital acquired pathogen, responsible for several severe infections. The objective of this study was to describe the antibiotic resistance profile of P. aeruginosa strains from human sample. This descriptive study was carried out on 168 isolated strains of P. aeruginosa collected from January 2014 to December 2015 at the Pasteur Institute of...
GC-MS and molecular analyses of monocrotophos biodegradation by selected bacterial isolates
January 2018
Soil treatment incubation method was carried out to analyze the monocrotophos (MCP) biodegradation using three selected bacterial isolates namely Pseudomonas stutzeri (KY287931), Bacillus licheniforms (KY287928), and Bacillus sonorensis (KY287930). After 45 days of incubation of pesticide exposed to soil samples, the MCP biodegradation by individual cultures and consortium culture was analyzed and conformed by gas...
Evaluation of various marine products against Rhizoctonia solani under in vitro condition
January 2018
Rhizoctonia solani is the causative agent of rice sheath blight, which has become a major problem in rice production. Seaweed provides a rich source of structurally diverse and biologically active secondary metabolite and is proved to be better in decreasing foliar fungal diseases which ultimately increase its fertility and help in the growth of plants. The use of natural products is the ultimate way of combating this...
Phenotypic detection methods of metallo-β-lactamases -producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated in urology ward from Skikda hospital Algeria
January 2018
Acquired metallo-β-lactamases (MβL) are emerging determinants of resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The objectives of this study were to phenotypically detect MβL in P. aeruginosa collected in urology ward from Skikda hospital Algeria. A total of seventeen P. aeruginosa isolates were identified using API 20NE and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry...
Evaluation of antibacterial and phytochemical properties of different spice extracts
January 2018
Now-a-days majority of world population rely on the plant preparations as medicines to cure diseases, as they are considered safe and as effective as allopathic preparations without any side effects. Spices are plant products having aroma, are mainly used during cooking to impart flavor and taste to the dish and also possess medicinal values. The present study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of four...
In vitro antibiotic resistance patterns of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from clinical samples of a hospital in Madinah, Saudi Arabia
January 2018
Pseudomonas spp. are the leading cause of nosocomial infections. Rise in multidrug resistance among clinical isolates limit therapeutic options and hence increase mortality rate. Clinical samples (6840) from a hospital in Madinah, Saudi Arabia were collected for a duration of 14 months to study the frequency, antimicrobial sensitivity pattern and seasonal variations of Pseudomonas isolates. Conventional...
Analysis of nitrifying microbial community for organic hydroponics
January 2018
For many years, the generation of nitrates from organic sources in order to create nutrient solutions for hydroponics had proved a challenge until lately when microorganisms were introduced to perform this task. The objectives of the current study therefore were to use local microbial consortium to nitrify goat manure in water and to determine microbial diversity in the inoculated consortium. Therefore, microorganisms...
Polyphenolic profile, and antioxidant and antifungal activities of honey products in Benin
January 2018
The aim of this study was to characterize polyphenolic compounds, antifungal and antioxidant activities of polyfloral honey collected from three different phytogeographical zones in Benin duing dry and rainy seasons. Spectrophotometrically at 517 nm, DPPH scavenging activity of tested samples was measured, while antifungal activity, total polyphenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins were evaluted by Dohou, Singleton...
Genotyping of high-risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) and its role in cervical cancer among suspected women at reproductive age
December 2017
One of the important causes of uterine and cervical malignancy and premalignancy lesions in human is the infection with papilloma virus, especially genotypes that belong to high-risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) group. The involvement of HPV DNA testing in an adjacent to cytological screening will be of positive impact in early discovery of cervical neoplasia among women at risk and will significantly minimize the...
Solanum paniculatum Linn: A potential antimicrobial agent against oral microorganisms
December 2017
In Brazil, several species of potentially medicinal native plants exist, including Solanum paniculatum. This species is commonly known as “jurubeba” and belongs to the Solanaceae family, which is found in several regions in Brazil. It is widely used as a remedy for bronchitis, coughs, arthritis, jaundice, hepatitis, fever and stomach problems. The plant is believed to possess anti-viral, anti-cancer,...
Phytochemical screening and antifungal activity of leaves extracts of Luffa cylindrica (Roem)
December 2017
Mycosis constitutes a common health problem, especially in developing countries like Nigeria. The current cascade of antifungals are either too toxic or require long term use for total eradication. This study evaluates antifungal activity and phytochemical constituents of Luffa cylindrica leaves extract which were screened for the presence of bioactive phytochemicals and extracted by cold maceration in n-hexane, ethyl...
Phytochemical screening, toxicity and antimicrobial action of Solanum paniculatum Linn extract against dental biofilm bacteria
December 2017
The aims of study were to determine the phytochemical composition of hydroalcoholic extract of Solanum paniculatum Linn (jurubeba) root, to evaluate its in vitro antimicrobial action, as well as to determine the acute toxicity and potential cytotoxic effects of this extract. The extract was characterized by phytochemical screening and thin-layer chromatography. The following oral bacteria were used to determine the...
Genotypic characterization of Escherichia coli strains isolated from dairy cattle environment
December 2017
The aim of this study was to characterize the diversity of Escherichia coli strains involved in the dispersion of virulence genes. 152 E. coli strains originated from dairy cattle environment were evaluated through phenotypic and proteomic assays. These samples were investigated for the presence of virulence genes (eaeA, stxI, stxII, ST, LT, eagg, ial) and biofilm related genes (fimH, csgA, flu). Eighteen profiles were...
Sanitization protocols applied to commercial restaurants: Effects on natural contaminant microbiota and Salmonella enterica Enteritidis adhered on tomatoes
December 2017
Sanitization is considered as essential for the microbial control of vegetables. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sanitization procedures used in commercial restaurants located in Vitória, Brazil. The efficacy of these sanitization procedures in reducing the presence of natural microbiota and Salmonella enterica Enteritidis cells on tomatoes were evaluated. All the restaurants in this study applied the...
A retrospective study of antibiotic sensitivity pattern of uropathogens in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
December 2017
This study was designed to bring to the fore the prevalent causative agents of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns in Nigeria, using patients attending University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (UATH) as a case study. Using microbiological/biochemical methods, prevalence of uropathogens amongst sexes, was compared between 2010 and 2015. Bacterial counts (105/ml) in the urine was used...
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