Genome codon bias analysis of dengue virus type 1
December 2020
Dengue viruses (DENV) are the most common mosquito-borne RNA virus with high variation and adaptation in tropical and subtropical regions. Exploration of codon usage bias of DENV can be significant to understand their genetic variation and adaptation. In the study, the codon usage pattern of dengue virus type 1 (DENV-1) was analyzed by using codonW, CUSP and SPSS. The extent of codon preference of DENV-1 is weak with a...
Host-microbe-drug triad: Role of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine in Covid-19 treatment-focus on inflammatory cytokine inhibition
December 2020
The threat caused by the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus pandemic has thrown everyone into a panic mode including scientists, medical practitioners and pharmaceutical firms trying to discover a drug for its treatment. This has seen many clinical studies registered within the past few months. This has called for repositioning of some drugs in order to manage the crisis with hydroxychloroquine and...
Effects of heavy metals in well water on biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon by consortia of bacteria and fungi
November 2020
This paper reports a study that measured the effect of some heavy metals at different concentrations (Lead 0.86 ppm, Copper <0.001 ppm, Manganese 0.05 ppm, and Nickel <0.001 ppm) in well water contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbon on biodegradation by a consortium of hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria and fungi, using distilled water amended with 5% bonny light crude oil and varying concentrations of the salts of...
Development of a TaqMan real time reverse transcriptase PCR assay for detection of Zika, Yellow Fever and Dengue-4 viruses simultaneously in a single reaction
November 2020
Zika, yellow fever and dengue viruses are three important flaviviruses that are epidemic and endemic in Central Africa, Middle and South America, Southeast Asia and Pacific Islands. Since these three viral diseases present with similar symptoms and there is a possibility of multiple flaviviruses co-infection, it is important to develop an effective and quick diagnostic tool. Here, we designed and validated a one-step...
Nosocomial pulmonary infections at Peltier Hospital, Djibouti
November 2020
Nosocomial pulmonary infections are a major public health problem. The retrospective study was carried out on medical records of 140 patients aged 59.4±32.2, 0.29 (mean ± sd, SEM) years, admitted at Peltier hospital, Djibouti, between May 5, 2018 and April 30, 2020, and who developed nosocomial pulmonary infections after 48 h of admission. The objective was to establish incidence of nosocomial pulmonary...
The antibacterial activity of Laurus nobilis leaf extract and its potential use as a preservative for fresh lamb meat
November 2020
Lamb meats are nutritious, easily metabolisable, and offer suitable substrates for the growth and metabolism of microorganisms. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the antagonist effect of Laurus nobilis leaf extract against growth of bacteria present in fresh lamb meat. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was used to identify bacteria present in lamb meat samples. Eighteen bacterial species were...
Assessment of the hand hygiene status of internally displaced persons in Jos and environs, Nigeria
November 2020
Internally displaced persons (IDPs) are often predisposed to infectious diseases because of the temporary nature of their abode which usually does not have adequate water and hygiene facilities. A hundred (100) samples of hand-washed water taken under aseptic conditions from the hands of the IDPs prior to the emergence of COVID-19 were analyzed using standard bacteriological procedures to determine the total plate and...
Isolation and morphological characterization of endophytic fungi isolated from mangrove plants along the Kenyan coastline
October 2020
Microorganisms in marine ecosystems are exposed to harsh conditions, thus such systems are of interest in bioprospecting for useful secondary metabolites. The aim of the study was to isolate and identify the fungal endophytes that colonize mangroves. The fungal endophytes were isolated from the leaves, roots, and branches of different mangrove plants (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Heritiera littoralis, Xylocarpus...
Prevalence and Antibiotic resistance profile of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains isolated from poultry feeds in Abidjan District, Côte d'Ivoire
October 2020
The aim of this study was to isolate avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains from poultry feeds for assessing their susceptibility patterns to antibiotic agents. From November 2018 to March 2019, one hundred eighteen poultry feeds samples were collected in farms of Abidjan District and E. coli strains were isolated on TBX (Tryptone Bile Glucuronic) agar medium, followed by biochemical identification and APEC...
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) promote the growth of the pioneer dune plant of coastal areas
October 2020
The establishment of economic enterprises and the demand for coastal areas for leisure purposes exert great pressure on the dunes, stripping them of vegetation and causing the aggravation of coastal erosion processes. The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is a viable alternative to restore dunes, giving their ability to improve soil conditions and plant growth under unfavorable conditions. The aim of this study...
Resistance of Candida albicans to antifungal drugs in Abidjan (Cote d’Ivoire)
October 2020
This study aimed to evaluate the resistance levels of strains of Candida albicans to the antifungals commonly used in Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire. This is a prospective study that was carried out from July to October 2017 at the mycology laboratory of the Institut Pasteur of Cote d’Ivoire. 105 Candida isolates, obtained from swabs taken from patients receiving out-patient treatment, were seeded on chromogenic...
Prevalence and drug-resistance profile of plasmid-borne extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBLs) resistance genes in multidrug resistant Escherichia coli from HIV-1 positive individuals in Jos, Nigeria
October 2020
Production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) can lead to treatment failures when the antibiotics are used. This study detected ESBLs genes on Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli from HIV-infected individuals attending some hospitals in Jos. Eighty (80) isolates of multidrug resistant (MDR) E. coli were screened for plasmids. ESBLs genes including bla-CTX, bla-TEM and bla-SHV were detected on the plasmids...
Antibacterial properties of traditional Sudanese medicinal materials against selected enteric bacterial strains
October 2020
Folklore medicine in Sudan used medicinal materials to treat inestinal infections caused by bacterial infections or contamination of food. Methanolic and aqueous extracts of different parts of Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile gum, Haplophyllum tuberculatum Juss.aerial parts, Hydnora abyssinica A. Br.fruits, Nigella sativa L seeds, Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. roots,and Usnea molliuscula lichen were tested for antibacterial...
Isolation, characterization and biotechnological potential of tropical culturable rhizospheric fungi from four mangrove species in Kenya
September 2020
Fungi play important roles, as both decomposers and plant symbionts in mangrove ecosystems. Their ability to survive extreme environmental conditions makes them potential rich sources for recovery of novel bioactive compounds. In this study, biotechnological potential of fungi recovered from the rhizospheres of four mangrove species (Sonneratia alba, Rhizophora mucronata, Ceriops tagal and Avicennia marina) was...
Isolation and identification of microorganisms in selected cosmetic products tester
September 2020
Components of cosmetics supply a rich medium for the growth of microorganisms. Customers usually like to try cosmetics before buying them. Repetitive use of the eye and makeup tester by different customers may become a potential vector of microbial pathogens. The major goal of this study was to evaluate microbial contamination of the cosmetics that are accessed as an unsealed make-up tester in the selected makeup shops...
Molecular identification of bacterial isolates from the rhizospheres of four mangrove species in Kenya
September 2020
Mangrove ecosystems provide a unique ecological niche for diverse microbial communities. This study aimed to identify bacterial isolates from the rhizospheres of four mangrove species (Sonneratia alba, Rhizophora mucronata, Ceriops tagal and Avicennia marina) using the 16S rRNA gene analysis approach. Rhizospheric sediment samples of the mangroves were collected from Mida creek and Gazi bay, Kenya, using standard...
Leishmanicidal, cytotoxic, antimicrobial and enzymatic activities of Diaporthe species, a mangrove-isolated endophytic fungus
September 2020
This study evaluated the biotechnological potential of the endophytic fungus Diaporthe species, which is isolated from Brazilian mangroves. In vitro studies have investigated the antimicrobial activity of Diaporthe spp. against human pathogens, such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis, and Candida albicans, as well as phytopathogenic fungi, such as Colletotrichum species, Ceratocystis...
Assessment of microbiological quality and drug resistance patterns of raw vegetables irrigated with Hasassa River, West Arsi Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
September 2020
Irrigation scheme is among the major transmission modes of enteric human pathogens. Irrigation of vegetables with polluted water and untreated wastewater is a common practice worldwide. This practice is common in urban areas of low-income countries including Ethiopia, where there is increasing demands for fresh vegetables with poor wastewater treatment. The aim of the present study was to assess the microbial quality...
Differential traits of rhizobia associated to root-nodules of gum acacia (Senegalia senegal), shittah tree (Vachellia seyal), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)
September 2020
In the present study, rhizobia partners of gum acacia (Senegalia senegal L.), shittah tree (Vachellia seyal), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) were characterized for their specific traits to each of the three host plants. In total 12 soil samples were collected and used to trap root-nodule rhizobia. Averagely, 24 rhizobia strains were isolated, of which 3, 4, 6 and 11 were respectively...
Quality assessment of bacterial load present in drinking water in Woreta town, Ethiopia
September 2020
Access to adequate and safe water is a universal human need. Lack of safe and adequate water supply causes health risk and the situation is serious in developing countries The aim of this study was to determine the bacterial load, physicochemical quality of drinking water in wells, reservoir, taps and household storage containers water samples and to investigate the hygiene and sanitation practices of...
Biochemical and molecular characterization of yeasts isolated from Nigerian traditional fermented food products
September 2020
Yeasts are very important in food production by affecting the quality and safety of different food products. Yeasts are commonly used in the production of beer, wine and bread; but many yeast species have been isolated from different African fermented foods. The present study aims to determine the biodiversity of yeasts isolated from selected Nigerian fermented foods. A combination of phenotypic and molecular tests were...
Bacterial community composition and diversity along the southern coastlines of the Atlantic Ocean in Cape Town, South Africa
September 2020
The spatial distribution and diversity within bacterioplankton assemblages in four coastal sites along the southern points of the Atlantic Ocean were examined using the Illumina high-throughput that targets 16S rRNA genes to examine indigenous bacterial assemblages in the littoral zones along the coast of the ocean. Results of the study showed very similar bacterial representation between the coastal sites with majority...
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: What is the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice in Kandahar, Afghanistan?
September 2020
There is a rising concern for the rapid increase of COVID-19 confirmed cases in Kandahar province. From zero reported cases until 17th March 2020, then Kandahar saw a sudden rise in the cases by 16th May 2020. Decreased literacy rates, poor health education, lack of facilities, inconsistent government policies, and defying coronavirus safety advisory by the public have resulted in the rapid spread of COVID-19. The...
A comparison of antibacterial efficacy of some household detergents available in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, against 16 ATCC bacterial strains and clinical isolates
August 2020
The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant microorganisms are threats to public health due to its related increasing rates of morbidity and mortality in the world. Routine disinfection practices do not eliminate many of these resistant species and may contribute to the development in their resistance. Therefore, the current study evaluates the effectiveness of some popular detergents labelled as antibacterial and...
Evaluation of the microbiological quality of "mabokés" smothered fish and, proteolytic activity of bacteria of the genus Bacillus in Brazzaville, Congo
August 2020
In order to assess the health risks related to the consumption of smothered fish "mabokés" sold in the markets of Brazzaville, samples of smothered fish sold in three markets in Brazzaville were analyzed for their microbiological quality. The different samples were cultured for isolation on solid media using conventional microbiological methods. The bacteria isolated were identified on the basis of...
Evaluation of micro-fungi associated with leaf spot of Allanblackia floribunda Oliv. in Southern Nigeria
August 2020
Fruit of Allanblackia floribunda is an active ingredient in the pharmaceutical industry. Fruit production in the species is hindered by incidence of pathogenic fungi leading to economic loss. This study was conducted to investigate micro-fungi species associated with leaf spot of A. floribunda. Field surveys were carried out in natural stands containing matured A. floribunda trees located at Owu Ikija, Ogun...
Antibiotic resistance and genotypic detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing pathogens in catheter associated urinary tract infection at a teaching facility in Kumasi, Ghana
August 2020
This study determines the antibiotic resistance pattern of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing pathogens responsible for catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) and the genes associated with the resistance. The study used 35 ESBL-producing pathogens isolated from urine and biofilm found in CAUTI from June 2018 to November 2018. Pathogens were confirmed phenotypically for ESBL production with...
Water quality index (WQI) and bacteriological assessment of some selected hand-dug wells in the Adenta municipality, Ghana
August 2020
Water quality was assessed from 11 hand dug wells in the Adentan Municipality using Water Quality Index (WQI) and bacteriological load as indicators. The sampling was conducted during the months of July to September, 2019. A total of 33 samples were taken from 11 hand dug wells at monthly intervals. Weighted Average Water Quality Index (WAWQI) was used to compute parameters which include temperature, pH, conductivity,...
Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacteria isolates from post-operative wound infections among patients attending Mama Lucy Kibaki Hospital, Kenya
August 2020
Surgical site infections account for high mortality, morbidity, and elevated costs of treatment for surgical patients. The study sought to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates from postoperative wound infections among patients attending Mama Lucy Kibaki Hospital. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out between October 2018 and March 2019. It included patients...
Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of Momordica charantia L. and Morinda lucida Benth extracts from Benin
August 2020
Momordica charantia and Morinda lucida are Benin’s pharmacopeia plants that are used traditionally for the treatment of infectious diseases. This study aims to investigate phytochemical profile and antimicrobial activity of both plants. The dried leaf powder is used for extraction with different solvents by ultrasonication (35 Hz) at room temperature for 2 h. TLC and the method based on coloring and precipitation...
Effect of using treated wastewater on the bacteriological quality of raw cow's milk: A case of a farm in Northeastern Algeria
August 2020
This study aims to assess the impact of the use of treated wastewater (without chlorination) in farming and dairy cattle breeding. Milk samples were collected from a farm in northeastern Algeria. The treated wastewater from the treatment plant is used on this farm for different activities. The results obtained show that the average contamination of milks with total flora is 3.7.105 CFU /ml. Fecal coliforms are...
Combination of genetic tools to discern Bacillus species isolated from hot springs in South Africa
August 2020
Using phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene 43 Gram-positive, spore-forming bacteria of the phylum Firmicutes were isolated, cultured and identified from five hot water springs in South Africa. Thirty-nine isolates belonged to the family Bacillaceae, genus Bacillus (n = 31) and genus Anoxybacillus (n = 8), while four isolates belonged to the family Paenibacillaceae, genus Brevibacillus. The majority of isolates...
Metabolomics analysis of carotenoid production from Proteiniphilum acetatigenes PSB-W based on LC-MS
August 2020
Metabolomics based on LC-MS was used for the analysis of the fermentation of Proteiniphilum acetatigenes PSB-W treated by different culture time and different light intensity. 26 putative metabolites were detected in samples treated by different culture time. Most of the components were produced in the metabolic activity in order to participate in the whole life process of bacteria. Compared with samples treated with...
Antimicrobial activity of coconut water, oil and palm kernel oils extracted from coconut and palm kernel on some plasmid-mediated multi-drug resistant organisms associated with food spoilage
July 2020
This study is aimed at evaluating the antibacterial and anticandidal activity of coconut oil, fermented and unfermented coconut water and palm kernel oil (PKO) on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Corynebacterium sp. and Candida albicans. The coconut water was fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the pH, sugar and alcohol contents were determined before and after fermentation. The...
Bridging technique failure through low-tech improvisation: A case study of food microbiology
July 2020
Modern technology for food safety studies includes standardized protocols and equipment. However, appropriate technology needs to step in to bridge technology dys- or malfunctioning. We examined different low-tech methods for extraction of bacteria from fresh vegetables. Standard equipment including stomacher and filter bags were compared to extraction using bread stick and alternative filter material (nylon stocking,...
Isolation and characterization of rhizospheric microorganisms from bacterial wilt endemic areas in Kenya
July 2020
Ralstonia solanacearum is a soil-borne bacterium causing bacterial wilt, particularly in Solanaceae crops, including tomatoes. Due to pathogen’s wide host plant range, pesticide resistance, and ability to overcome cultivars utilized for innate resistance, not even a single measure is effective against the pathogen. Screening the rhizosphere of bacterial wilt tolerant tomato plants from Bomet, Kiambu, Kajiado and...
Suitability of bacterial fermentation and foil packaging of condiment from African mesquite (Prosopis africana) seeds for nutritional retention and commercialization
July 2020
The process for bacterial fermentation and foil packaging of condiment (‘Okpeye’) from African mesquite seeds was described and its nutritional enrichment and packaging improvement for commercialization were verified. The seeds (1 Kg) were cleaned, washed and boiled in autoclave at 121°C for 2 h, cooled, drained, de-hulled and divided into two portions of 300 g each. One portion was placed in sterile...
Epidemiology of pathogenic microorganisms, basic diseases and clinical biomarker analysis in patients with bloodstream infections from a 3A General Hospital in Lanzhou of China
July 2020
The aim of this study is to investigate the burden of basic diseases, the epidemiology of pathogenic microbes in patients with bloodstream infections and their clinical biomarkers. Data on bloodstream infections from 2012 to 2018 were obtained from a 3A General Hospital in Lanzhou of China. 1990 patients with bloodstream infections participated in the study; their basic diseases, pathogenic microorganisms and...
Comparison between wet and semi-dry anaerobic biogas diester under thermophilic and mesophilic conditions: Methane productivity and analysis of microbiota
July 2020
The current practice of using stanchion breeding cow houses results in a semi-dry manure that ideally should be used as the substrate for the anaerobic fermentation. The conventional liquid-slurry biogas fermentation is disadvantageous with high running costs due to requirement such as water addition and running efficiency, among others. This study aimed to establish a high-speed semi-dry methane fermentation system for...
Molecular characterization, biofilm production and sensitivity to the natural extract of Staphylococcus spp. from subclinical mastitis in goats
July 2020
Mastitis is one of the most important diseases in dairy milk systems. Molecular studies of the principal agents that are involved, as well as tests of bacterial sensitivity to plant extracts, are currently the most common forms of research related to this disease. The aim of the present study was to molecularly characterize isolates from cases of subclinical mastitis and to investigate the production of biofilm...
Cytological changes in Solanum lycopersicum seedlings in response to some rhizopheric fungi
July 2020
Some rhizospheric fungi of Solanum lycopersicum were isolated from Cairo governorate and identified in Taxonomy Department, Ain-Shams University, Cairo City, Egypt. These isolated fungi were cultivated on soil extract medium enriched with 2% (w/v) glucose and 5% (w/v) yeast extract. The cytological effects of the metabolites of these fungi on the seeds of S. lycopersicum were examined after three different intervals (6,...
Isolation and characterization of haloalkaliphilic bacteria from the hot springs of Lake Magadi
July 2020
The Magadi Lake located in the Southern Rift Valley in Kenya is a hypersaline and alkaline lake. The lake’s pH ranges from pH 9 to 11 whereas the salinity can reach saturation during the dry Season. Little studies have previously been done on Lake Magadi as compared to other soda lakes from Kenya. This study concentrated on isolating and characterizing haloalkaliphilic bacteria found in the hot springs of Lake...
A Malian native Azospirillum sp. Az6-based biofertilizer improves growth and yield of both rice (Oryza sativa L.) and maize (Zea mays L.)
July 2020
The objective of this study was to improve rice and maize yields using native Azospirillum-based biofertilizer. To reach this objective, samples of rhizosphere soil, non-rhizosphere soil and roots of maize plants were collected from the particular locations of Samanko and Bamako of the south Mali. Thirty-three different colonies of bacteria were isolated from the different samples. Based on their better growth in...
Isolation of an emerging thermotolerant medically important Fungus, Lichtheimia ramosa from soil
June 2020
Lichtheimia ramosa, a ubiquitous clinically important mould was isolated during a screen for thermotolerant fungi obtained from soil on a freshly burnt field in Ikorodu, Lagos State. In the laboratory, as expected it grew more luxuriantly on Potato Dextrose Agar than on size limiting Rose Bengal Agar. The isolate had mycelia with a white cottony appearance on both media. It was then identified based on morphological...
GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the extracts of Daedalea elegans: A Nigerian mushroom
June 2020
Phytochemicals are naturally occurring compounds present in varying levels in plants and help significantly in protecting them against pathogens. The chemical composition of acetone and ethanolic extracts of Daedalea elegans were determined using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Twenty-eight and fourty-four compounds were identified in the acetone and ethanolic extracts respectively. Only four compounds were found...
Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growing in the Far-North region of Cameroon
June 2020
The present study was carried out with the aim of highlighting the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with the rhizosphere of cotton grown in the Far-North region of Cameroon. To achieve this, composite soil and root samples were taken in six fields, chosen according to edapho-climatic conditions and types of cultural practices. After entrapping the glomales in the greenhouse, the roots of the...
Phenotypic detection of extended spectrum β-lactamase and Metallo β-lactamase production by Gram negative uropathogens after exposure to gamma radiation
June 2020
Eighty-five uropathogen isolates were collected and differentiated on the basis of their Gram stain reaction. Among the collected isolates, 25 (29.4%) were Gram positive cocci and 60 (70.6%) were Gram negative bacilli. Antibiotic susceptibility profile towards 15 different antibiotics concluded that impenime (IMP), amikacin (AK) and Pipperacillin/tazobactam (TZP) were the most effective against Gram negative; while...
First novel phages from rodents with lytic activity on clinical Enterobacteriaceae strains: Initiation for phage therapy in West Africa
June 2020
Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that infect bacteria. The emergence of resistant bacteria has been reported worldwide. The use of phages to treat bacterial infection or to reduce bacteria load has become a new area of interest. The viral colonization of rodents represents an important source for a specific biotope. The objective of this study is to characterize the effect of novel phages isolated from rodents...
Fungal diversity within organic and conventional farming systems in Central Highlands of Kenya
June 2020
Fungal diversity in agro-ecosystems is influenced by various factors related to soil and crop management practices. However, due to the complexity in fungal cultivation, only a limited number has been extensively studied. In this study, amplicon sequencing of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region was used to explore their diversity and composition within long-term farming system comparison trials at Chuka and...
Presence of phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes on rice and avocado crops in Tolima (Colombia)
June 2020
Tolima is one of the largest zones in Colombia where avocado and rice are produced. The disease management programs for these crops are mainly chemical-dependent and tend to have variable results since the diagnosis of some diseases is based on unspecific symptoms. In this context, the present study aims to bring information about the phytopathogens affecting Tolima´s rice and avocado crops. From foliar tissue,...
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