Evaluation of yellow fever surveillance in Chad, 2015-2020
March 2021
The present study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of yellow fever virus in patients with clinical signs of febrile jaundice giving suspicion of yellow fever and to evaluate diagnostic techniques for surveillance of yellow fever in the Republic from Chad. From January 2015 to July 2020, an observational study of virological markers was conducted in jaundice patients in Chad. Of the 1730 patients included in...
Rapidly growing mycobacterial infections associated with plastic surgery: An epidemiological description
March 2021
Surgical site infections (SSI) caused by rapidly growing mycobacterial (RGM) have become increasingly frequent. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiological, clinical aspects and factors associated with RGM infections related to plastic surgery. Notifications of SSI from 86 health care facilities of the capital of a Brazilian state within nine years, approximately, were assessed. RGM, predominantly M....
Anti-quorum sensing and anti-biofilm activities of Securidaca longepedunculata Fresen, an endangered species from Burkina Faso
March 2021
The emergence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a serious challenge to the global health system. The QS inhibition is one of the approaches to fight against antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Securidaca longepedunculata is a medicinal plant that roots are the only organ used against microbial diseases. This species is threatened with extinction due to the massive use of its roots in phytotherapy. In this study,...
Occurrence of virulent and antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus species in ready-to-eat Rhynchophorus phoenicis and Archachatina marginata vended along the Port Harcourt-Bayelsa route
February 2021
This study was aimed at determining the occurrence of Staphylococcus species in ready-to-eat (RTE) Rhynchophorus phoenicis (edible larvae) and Archachatina marginata (land snail) vended along Port Harcourt-Bayelsa route. Eighty samples from four locations were analysed employing standard techniques for proximate and microbiological analyses; virulence determination and antibiotic susceptibility. Data were statistically...
Identification of recombinants of hepatitis B virus genotypes C from Hong Kong China
February 2021
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections severely threaten the health of the human being. Frequent recombination of HBV within or between genotypes was reported to favor the viral evolution and adaption and the recombination may cause more severe clinical symptoms. In the study, we collected genotype C HBV from five Asian countries and detected their possible recombination events by bioinformatic analysis. There are two main...
Evaluation of cypermethrin insecticides on the growth of some selected soil bacteria isolated from Makurdi, Middle Belt, Nigeria
February 2021
In the present investigation, a total of 30 soil samples were collected from five different sites in Makurdi metropolis to investigate the effect of cypermethrin on some soil bacteria. Physicochemical properties of the soil samples from various sites were determined using standard procedures. Some selected soil bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Proteus spp. were...
Mycorrhizal activity as a quality indicator in the use of mining slag as soil conditioner
February 2021
The main residue of iron and nickel mining is slag, a solid residue of low solubility and rich in magnesium silicate. A residue with potential use as a soil conditioner, however, it is still necessary to investigate whether its use brings impacts to the environment. Microorganisms are extremely sensitive to environmental changes, changes that can be used as environmental quality indicators. Among the organisms that act...
A study of bacterial pathogens associated with diarrhoea in children under 2 years in Ile-Ife, Nigeria
February 2021
Diarrhoea, a major contributor to high mortality in children may be caused by an array of bacterial, viral or parasitic pathogens acting individually or synergistically. This study identified the bacterial pathogens associated with diarrhoea in children aged 0-24 months, established the frequency of diarrhoea caused by each pathogen encountered in diarrhoea and determined the antibiotic resistance pattern of the...
Molecular identification of genotypes of Hepatitis B virus in Borno State, Nigeria
February 2021
Hepatitis is a significant disease of the liver caused by different genotypes of hepatitis B virus. Neonates delivered of HBsAg and HBeAg positive mothers are most susceptible. The sequelae of infection and prognosis vary with the age of patient infected and the genotype (A-J) of the virus involved. These genotypes have 7.5 to 8% difference in their genomic sequences. This study was aimed at identifying the genotypes...
Viruses, coronaviruses and COVID-19: A note for non-virology specialists
January 2021
An outbreak of a respiratory disease with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) – like manifestations emerged in late December 2019 in the Wuhan city of China. The causative agent of this disease was later identified to be a novel Coronavirus. Subsequently, the disease was named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organisation and later declared as a pandemic. The outbreak of COVID-19 came...
Antibiotic resistance in food producing Animals in West Africa French speaking countries: A systematic review
January 2021
This review aimed to make an inventory of the relevant work carried out on antibiotic resistance in the animal sector during the last two decades in French-speaking countries of the West African sub-region. English and French published articles from 2000 to 2019 indexed in PubMed, Google Scholar, and African Journals Online were reviewed in accordance with an adapted PRISMA guideline. Mean Resistance (MR) and...
Isolation and Characterization of Bacteria from Lakes Olbolosat and Oloiden, Kenya
January 2021
There is still unexplored reservoir of microorganisms from sediments and water within Lakes Olbolosat and Oloiden using culture dependent technique. The current study compares bacterial diversity within Lake Olbolosat a freshwater lake and Lake Oloiden a saline alkaline lake. Out of 60 isolates obtained from sediments and water samples, 35 were from Lake Olbolosat and 25 from Lake Oloiden. Microbial count ranged between...
Comparison of disk-diffusion and E-test methods for in-vitro susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates to oxacillin and ceftriaxone
January 2021
Susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococci) to oxacillin and ceftriaxone was compared using disk diffusion and E-test methods. A total of 206 children attending Gertrude’s Children’s Hospital (GCH) were recruited. Sterile Copan Flocked Swabs were used to obtain nasopharyngeal swabs. Samples were inoculated on gentamicin blood agar and initial identification was done on the basis of colony...
In-vitro assessment of antibacterial activity of crude methanolic and aqueous extracts of Mitracarpus villosus
January 2021
Globally, there is an increasing report of bacterial resistance to currently available antibiotics. The urgent need for newer therapeutic modalities was the incentive for the current evaluation of bactericidal and inhibitory effects of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Mitracarpus villosus on selected antibiotic resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Ten-fold serial dilution was used to test the...
Isolation, identification and growth conditions of calcite producing bacteria from urea-rich soil
January 2021
Bacterial chemical reactions, such as urea hydrolysis can induce calcium carbonate precipitation. The induced production of calcium carbonate formed by microorganisms has been widely used in environmental and engineering applications. The present study aimed to isolate, identify and optimize growth conditions of urease positive bacteria from urea rich soil in Gaza Strip. Bacterial isolates, which tolerated ≥10% urea...
Evaluation of epidemiological factors of the bacterial pharyngitis in children in Shouk Al-Kameesh, Al-Khoms, Libya
January 2021
Pharyngitis is an inflammation or irritation of the pharynx or palatine tonsil. The etiology is usually viruses which cause the majority of the pharyngitis but most bacterial cases are attributed to group A Streptococci (GAS). This study aimed to identify the frequency of bacterial pharyngitis especially GAS of children, according to epidemiological factors. Symptoms present and signs for each patient were recorded,...
Antibacterial abilities of spray sanitizer solutions formulated with chitosan and acid complexes at pH 3 on broiler carcass surfaces inoculated with selected pathogenic bacteria before refrigeration
December 2020
Single acid (acetic acid, lactic acid, propionic acid and phosphoric acid) and acid complex solutions at the ratio 1:1 or 2:1 at pH 3 were investigated their antimicrobial activities against three selected foodborne pathogens (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus). The influences of the deacetylation degrees (DD) (80% and 95%), concentrations (500, 1000, and 2000 μg/mL) and contact time (10,...
Host-microbe-drug triad: Role of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine in Covid-19 treatment-focus on inflammatory cytokine inhibition
December 2020
The threat caused by the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus pandemic has thrown everyone into a panic mode including scientists, medical practitioners and pharmaceutical firms trying to discover a drug for its treatment. This has seen many clinical studies registered within the past few months. This has called for repositioning of some drugs in order to manage the crisis with hydroxychloroquine and...
Genome codon bias analysis of dengue virus type 1
December 2020
Dengue viruses (DENV) are the most common mosquito-borne RNA virus with high variation and adaptation in tropical and subtropical regions. Exploration of codon usage bias of DENV can be significant to understand their genetic variation and adaptation. In the study, the codon usage pattern of dengue virus type 1 (DENV-1) was analyzed by using codonW, CUSP and SPSS. The extent of codon preference of DENV-1 is weak with a...
Antibiotic resistance of enterobacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Salmonella spp) isolated from healthy poultry and pig farms in peri-urban area of Lome, Togo
December 2020
This study aimed to determine for the first time the levels and patterns of antimicrobial resistance of enterobacteria isolated from poultry and pigs farms in southern Togo. A cross-sectional study was conducted in south Togo in 70 and 47 poultry and pig farms, respectively. Fecal samples were collected once in each farm and enterobacteria isolated according to recommended techniques. Isolates from each sample were...
Nosocomial pulmonary infections at Peltier Hospital, Djibouti
November 2020
Nosocomial pulmonary infections are a major public health problem. The retrospective study was carried out on medical records of 140 patients aged 59.4±32.2, 0.29 (mean ± sd, SEM) years, admitted at Peltier hospital, Djibouti, between May 5, 2018 and April 30, 2020, and who developed nosocomial pulmonary infections after 48 h of admission. The objective was to establish incidence of nosocomial pulmonary...
The antibacterial activity of Laurus nobilis leaf extract and its potential use as a preservative for fresh lamb meat
November 2020
Lamb meats are nutritious, easily metabolisable, and offer suitable substrates for the growth and metabolism of microorganisms. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the antagonist effect of Laurus nobilis leaf extract against growth of bacteria present in fresh lamb meat. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was used to identify bacteria present in lamb meat samples. Eighteen bacterial species were...
Development of a TaqMan real time reverse transcriptase PCR assay for detection of Zika, Yellow Fever and Dengue-4 viruses simultaneously in a single reaction
November 2020
Zika, yellow fever and dengue viruses are three important flaviviruses that are epidemic and endemic in Central Africa, Middle and South America, Southeast Asia and Pacific Islands. Since these three viral diseases present with similar symptoms and there is a possibility of multiple flaviviruses co-infection, it is important to develop an effective and quick diagnostic tool. Here, we designed and validated a one-step...
Effects of heavy metals in well water on biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon by consortia of bacteria and fungi
November 2020
This paper reports a study that measured the effect of some heavy metals at different concentrations (Lead 0.86 ppm, Copper <0.001 ppm, Manganese 0.05 ppm, and Nickel <0.001 ppm) in well water contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbon on biodegradation by a consortium of hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria and fungi, using distilled water amended with 5% bonny light crude oil and varying concentrations of the salts of...
Assessment of the hand hygiene status of internally displaced persons in Jos and environs, Nigeria
November 2020
Internally displaced persons (IDPs) are often predisposed to infectious diseases because of the temporary nature of their abode which usually does not have adequate water and hygiene facilities. A hundred (100) samples of hand-washed water taken under aseptic conditions from the hands of the IDPs prior to the emergence of COVID-19 were analyzed using standard bacteriological procedures to determine the total plate and...
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) promote the growth of the pioneer dune plant of coastal areas
October 2020
The establishment of economic enterprises and the demand for coastal areas for leisure purposes exert great pressure on the dunes, stripping them of vegetation and causing the aggravation of coastal erosion processes. The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is a viable alternative to restore dunes, giving their ability to improve soil conditions and plant growth under unfavorable conditions. The aim of this study...
Prevalence and drug-resistance profile of plasmid-borne extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBLs) resistance genes in multidrug resistant Escherichia coli from HIV-1 positive individuals in Jos, Nigeria
October 2020
Production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) can lead to treatment failures when the antibiotics are used. This study detected ESBLs genes on Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli from HIV-infected individuals attending some hospitals in Jos. Eighty (80) isolates of multidrug resistant (MDR) E. coli were screened for plasmids. ESBLs genes including bla-CTX, bla-TEM and bla-SHV were detected on the plasmids...
Prevalence and Antibiotic resistance profile of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains isolated from poultry feeds in Abidjan District, Côte d'Ivoire
October 2020
The aim of this study was to isolate avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains from poultry feeds for assessing their susceptibility patterns to antibiotic agents. From November 2018 to March 2019, one hundred eighteen poultry feeds samples were collected in farms of Abidjan District and E. coli strains were isolated on TBX (Tryptone Bile Glucuronic) agar medium, followed by biochemical identification and APEC...
Isolation and morphological characterization of endophytic fungi isolated from mangrove plants along the Kenyan coastline
October 2020
Microorganisms in marine ecosystems are exposed to harsh conditions, thus such systems are of interest in bioprospecting for useful secondary metabolites. The aim of the study was to isolate and identify the fungal endophytes that colonize mangroves. The fungal endophytes were isolated from the leaves, roots, and branches of different mangrove plants (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Heritiera littoralis, Xylocarpus...
Resistance of Candida albicans to antifungal drugs in Abidjan (Cote d’Ivoire)
October 2020
This study aimed to evaluate the resistance levels of strains of Candida albicans to the antifungals commonly used in Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire. This is a prospective study that was carried out from July to October 2017 at the mycology laboratory of the Institut Pasteur of Cote d’Ivoire. 105 Candida isolates, obtained from swabs taken from patients receiving out-patient treatment, were seeded on chromogenic...
Antibacterial properties of traditional Sudanese medicinal materials against selected enteric bacterial strains
October 2020
Folklore medicine in Sudan used medicinal materials to treat inestinal infections caused by bacterial infections or contamination of food. Methanolic and aqueous extracts of different parts of Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile gum, Haplophyllum tuberculatum Juss.aerial parts, Hydnora abyssinica A. Br.fruits, Nigella sativa L seeds, Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. roots,and Usnea molliuscula lichen were tested for antibacterial...
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: What is the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice in Kandahar, Afghanistan?
September 2020
There is a rising concern for the rapid increase of COVID-19 confirmed cases in Kandahar province. From zero reported cases until 17th March 2020, then Kandahar saw a sudden rise in the cases by 16th May 2020. Decreased literacy rates, poor health education, lack of facilities, inconsistent government policies, and defying coronavirus safety advisory by the public have resulted in the rapid spread of COVID-19. The...
Isolation, characterization and biotechnological potential of tropical culturable rhizospheric fungi from four mangrove species in Kenya
September 2020
Fungi play important roles, as both decomposers and plant symbionts in mangrove ecosystems. Their ability to survive extreme environmental conditions makes them potential rich sources for recovery of novel bioactive compounds. In this study, biotechnological potential of fungi recovered from the rhizospheres of four mangrove species (Sonneratia alba, Rhizophora mucronata, Ceriops tagal and Avicennia marina) was...
Molecular identification of bacterial isolates from the rhizospheres of four mangrove species in Kenya
September 2020
Mangrove ecosystems provide a unique ecological niche for diverse microbial communities. This study aimed to identify bacterial isolates from the rhizospheres of four mangrove species (Sonneratia alba, Rhizophora mucronata, Ceriops tagal and Avicennia marina) using the 16S rRNA gene analysis approach. Rhizospheric sediment samples of the mangroves were collected from Mida creek and Gazi bay, Kenya, using standard...
Biochemical and molecular characterization of yeasts isolated from Nigerian traditional fermented food products
September 2020
Yeasts are very important in food production by affecting the quality and safety of different food products. Yeasts are commonly used in the production of beer, wine and bread; but many yeast species have been isolated from different African fermented foods. The present study aims to determine the biodiversity of yeasts isolated from selected Nigerian fermented foods. A combination of phenotypic and molecular tests were...
Leishmanicidal, cytotoxic, antimicrobial and enzymatic activities of Diaporthe species, a mangrove-isolated endophytic fungus
September 2020
This study evaluated the biotechnological potential of the endophytic fungus Diaporthe species, which is isolated from Brazilian mangroves. In vitro studies have investigated the antimicrobial activity of Diaporthe spp. against human pathogens, such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis, and Candida albicans, as well as phytopathogenic fungi, such as Colletotrichum species, Ceratocystis...
Assessment of microbiological quality and drug resistance patterns of raw vegetables irrigated with Hasassa River, West Arsi Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
September 2020
Irrigation scheme is among the major transmission modes of enteric human pathogens. Irrigation of vegetables with polluted water and untreated wastewater is a common practice worldwide. This practice is common in urban areas of low-income countries including Ethiopia, where there is increasing demands for fresh vegetables with poor wastewater treatment. The aim of the present study was to assess the microbial quality...
Isolation and identification of microorganisms in selected cosmetic products tester
September 2020
Components of cosmetics supply a rich medium for the growth of microorganisms. Customers usually like to try cosmetics before buying them. Repetitive use of the eye and makeup tester by different customers may become a potential vector of microbial pathogens. The major goal of this study was to evaluate microbial contamination of the cosmetics that are accessed as an unsealed make-up tester in the selected makeup shops...
Quality assessment of bacterial load present in drinking water in Woreta town, Ethiopia
September 2020
Access to adequate and safe water is a universal human need. Lack of safe and adequate water supply causes health risk and the situation is serious in developing countries The aim of this study was to determine the bacterial load, physicochemical quality of drinking water in wells, reservoir, taps and household storage containers water samples and to investigate the hygiene and sanitation practices of...
Differential traits of rhizobia associated to root-nodules of gum acacia (Senegalia senegal), shittah tree (Vachellia seyal), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)
September 2020
In the present study, rhizobia partners of gum acacia (Senegalia senegal L.), shittah tree (Vachellia seyal), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) were characterized for their specific traits to each of the three host plants. In total 12 soil samples were collected and used to trap root-nodule rhizobia. Averagely, 24 rhizobia strains were isolated, of which 3, 4, 6 and 11 were respectively...
Bacterial community composition and diversity along the southern coastlines of the Atlantic Ocean in Cape Town, South Africa
September 2020
The spatial distribution and diversity within bacterioplankton assemblages in four coastal sites along the southern points of the Atlantic Ocean were examined using the Illumina high-throughput that targets 16S rRNA genes to examine indigenous bacterial assemblages in the littoral zones along the coast of the ocean. Results of the study showed very similar bacterial representation between the coastal sites with majority...
Evaluation of micro-fungi associated with leaf spot of Allanblackia floribunda Oliv. in Southern Nigeria
August 2020
Fruit of Allanblackia floribunda is an active ingredient in the pharmaceutical industry. Fruit production in the species is hindered by incidence of pathogenic fungi leading to economic loss. This study was conducted to investigate micro-fungi species associated with leaf spot of A. floribunda. Field surveys were carried out in natural stands containing matured A. floribunda trees located at Owu Ikija, Ogun...
Effect of using treated wastewater on the bacteriological quality of raw cow's milk: A case of a farm in Northeastern Algeria
August 2020
This study aims to assess the impact of the use of treated wastewater (without chlorination) in farming and dairy cattle breeding. Milk samples were collected from a farm in northeastern Algeria. The treated wastewater from the treatment plant is used on this farm for different activities. The results obtained show that the average contamination of milks with total flora is 3.7.105 CFU /ml. Fecal coliforms are...
Combination of genetic tools to discern Bacillus species isolated from hot springs in South Africa
August 2020
Using phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene 43 Gram-positive, spore-forming bacteria of the phylum Firmicutes were isolated, cultured and identified from five hot water springs in South Africa. Thirty-nine isolates belonged to the family Bacillaceae, genus Bacillus (n = 31) and genus Anoxybacillus (n = 8), while four isolates belonged to the family Paenibacillaceae, genus Brevibacillus. The majority of isolates...
Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of Momordica charantia L. and Morinda lucida Benth extracts from Benin
August 2020
Momordica charantia and Morinda lucida are Benin’s pharmacopeia plants that are used traditionally for the treatment of infectious diseases. This study aims to investigate phytochemical profile and antimicrobial activity of both plants. The dried leaf powder is used for extraction with different solvents by ultrasonication (35 Hz) at room temperature for 2 h. TLC and the method based on coloring and precipitation...
Water quality index (WQI) and bacteriological assessment of some selected hand-dug wells in the Adenta municipality, Ghana
August 2020
Water quality was assessed from 11 hand dug wells in the Adentan Municipality using Water Quality Index (WQI) and bacteriological load as indicators. The sampling was conducted during the months of July to September, 2019. A total of 33 samples were taken from 11 hand dug wells at monthly intervals. Weighted Average Water Quality Index (WAWQI) was used to compute parameters which include temperature, pH, conductivity,...
Evaluation of the microbiological quality of "mabokés" smothered fish and, proteolytic activity of bacteria of the genus Bacillus in Brazzaville, Congo
August 2020
In order to assess the health risks related to the consumption of smothered fish "mabokés" sold in the markets of Brazzaville, samples of smothered fish sold in three markets in Brazzaville were analyzed for their microbiological quality. The different samples were cultured for isolation on solid media using conventional microbiological methods. The bacteria isolated were identified on the basis of...
A comparison of antibacterial efficacy of some household detergents available in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, against 16 ATCC bacterial strains and clinical isolates
August 2020
The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant microorganisms are threats to public health due to its related increasing rates of morbidity and mortality in the world. Routine disinfection practices do not eliminate many of these resistant species and may contribute to the development in their resistance. Therefore, the current study evaluates the effectiveness of some popular detergents labelled as antibacterial and...
Antibiotic resistance and genotypic detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing pathogens in catheter associated urinary tract infection at a teaching facility in Kumasi, Ghana
August 2020
This study determines the antibiotic resistance pattern of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing pathogens responsible for catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) and the genes associated with the resistance. The study used 35 ESBL-producing pathogens isolated from urine and biofilm found in CAUTI from June 2018 to November 2018. Pathogens were confirmed phenotypically for ESBL production with...
Metabolomics analysis of carotenoid production from Proteiniphilum acetatigenes PSB-W based on LC-MS
August 2020
Metabolomics based on LC-MS was used for the analysis of the fermentation of Proteiniphilum acetatigenes PSB-W treated by different culture time and different light intensity. 26 putative metabolites were detected in samples treated by different culture time. Most of the components were produced in the metabolic activity in order to participate in the whole life process of bacteria. Compared with samples treated with...
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