Antiviral activities of ellagitannins against bovine herpesvirus-1, suid alphaherpesvirus-1 and caprine herpesvirus-1
October 2020
In vitro antiviral activity of three ellagitannins - castalagin, vescalagin and grandinin was investigated against replication of three of the most common herpes viruses infecting animals, namely bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1), suid alphaherpesvirus-1 (SuHV-1), and caprine herpesvirus-1 (CapHV-1). The cytopathic effect inhibition test via the neutral red uptake assay in Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cell culture was...
Occurrence and characterization of Salmonella isolates in raw eggs from quail and chicken in selected poultry farms in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
September 2020
The study was carried out in three Local Government Areas: Jos North, Jos South and Jos East. For each egg type, twelve (12) samples each were collected from five (5) farms. A total of 360 samples were randomly collected consisting of equal number of quail and chicken eggs (180 each). A well-structured questionnaire was used to help analyze the results. Samples were examined for the presence of Salmonella isolates...
Sero-prevalence and risk factors of African Horse Sickness among donkeys in a highland area of Kenya
September 2020
A study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors for African Horse Sickness (AHS) in donkeys in the highland area of Kiambu County, Kenya. Data on the risk factors was collected using semi-structured questionnaires administered to 146 donkey owners while blood samples collected from 398 donkeys both during the rainy and dry seasons. Antibodies against AHS were detected using competitive antibody Enzyme...
Appraisal of management and biosecurity practices on pig farms in Makurdi, Benue State, North Central Nigeria
August 2020
The role of biosecurity at farm level is to reduce the risk of introduction of diseases in pig farms and prevent the disease transmission between animals on farms. It is an important management practice that impacts the profitability of pig production ventures. A survey was conducted to assess the biosecurity practices in 50 farms in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria, using a structured questionnaire and assessments through...
Serological survey for avian metapneumovirus in commercial chickens from different climatic zones in Nigeria
August 2020
Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is an important poultry pathogen causing an acute highly contagious upper respiratory tract infection in chickens, and could result in swollen head syndrome. The disease causes significant economic losses in turkey and chicken flocks; however, its existence in the Nigerian poultry industry is not well defined. Also, the influence of weather on the prevalence of the disease is unknown. This...
Factors associated with infectious bursal disease vaccination failure in Dar es salaam, Tanzania
July 2020
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a viral infection that affects young chicks. The IBD outbreaks in vaccinated chickens are reported in Tanzania frequently. The current study was conducted to find out the possible causes of vaccination failure focusing on knowledge and practices of vaccine sellers and users, the immunogenic potential of currently used vaccine and the phylogenetic relationship between the vaccine and...
Factors influencing survival of BALB/c mice and their effects on immune efficacy in an experiment of hepatitis B immunization
July 2020
There was an accidental death of BALB/c mice in the course of the experiment about hepatitis B immunization. The reasons of the mice breeding failure were analyzed in order to provide some experience for future animal preparation about hepatitis B immunization. Items of all mice including sex, age, dose of hepatitis B vaccine (HepBVac), dose of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG), immunization route, vaccination schedule...
Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp. in broiler chicken neck skin from slaughterhouses in Zambia
June 2020
Salmonella is an important zoonotic foodborne pathogen and poultry meat is considered as one of its major sources. This study evaluated Salmonella spp. detected in broiler chicken carcasses in Zambia. A total of 440 broiler neck skin samples were collected from 6 slaughter houses along the process line after evisceration and tested for Salmonella spp. Eleven samples (2.5%) were positive for Salmonella spp. The suspected...
Evaluation of comparative intradermal tuberculin and interferon gamma release tests for prediction of tuberculous lesion development in slaughtered cattle
June 2020
Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a chronic contagious disease of cattle which has economical, public health and veterinary importance worldwide. So far, test and slaughter is the most feasible method to control the disease but identification of lesions from slaughtered animals does not always coincide with ante-mortem test results. Fifty four animals which were found positive by comparative intradermal tuberculin test...
Clinicians’ perception and assessment of risk factors for surgical site infections in small animal practice in South-West, Nigeria
June 2020
This study evaluated the prevalence of Surgical Site Infections (SSIs), the enhancing risk factors in small animal hospitals and clinics, and clinicians’ perception of SSIs in South-west, Nigeria. Ten years (2007-2017) surgical patients’ case records from four government veterinary hospitals were initially studied. Fifty-seven copies of structured pre-tested questionnaires were further administered to...
Efficacy of Newcastle disease vaccines and vaccination protocols commonly used in Mali, West Africa
June 2020
Newcastle disease, caused by Avian paramyxovirus -1 (APMV-1), is a devastating disease of poultry that is endemic in many countries worldwide. Several commercial vaccines and protocols are available against the disease and in most cases, they provide good clinical protection. However, despite vaccination, cases of Newcastle disease are often seen in some countries, including Mali in West Africa. Although there is only...
Determination of some heavy metals residues in slaughtered cattle at Sokoto and Gusau modern abattoirs, Nigeria
May 2020
Some heavy metals are classified under environmental pollutant due to their toxic effects on animals, human and plants. These metals are not biodegradable in environment and find their way into the food chain. Concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) were determined in some selected organs and tissues (kidney, liver, muscle, hide and blood) of slaughtered cattle at Sokoto and Gusau modern abattoirs...
Assessment of operational facilities and sanitary practices in Zangon Shanu abattoir, Sabon Gari Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria
May 2020
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the operational facilities and sanitary practices in Zangon Shanu abattoir, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Semi structured questionnaires were administered to the workers and also observational studies on facilities and sanitary practices in the abattoir were conducted. The results showed that 75.00% of the abattoir workers were between the ages of 25 to 35 years, with...
Causes of organ condemnations in cattle at slaughter and associated financial losses in Siaya County, Kenya
May 2020
Cattle production is an important economic activity worldwide. Its potential, however, is not fully maximized owing to disease conditions, some causing condemnation and wastage of edible organs at slaughter and a threat of zoonoses. This work aimed at establishing definitive causes of organ condemnation and financial losses in cattle from three slaughterhouses (Kaumara, Siaya, and Ugunja) in Siaya County, Kenya, through...
Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Newcastle disease virus isolated from poultry in North Central States of Nigeria
April 2020
Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious viral disease constituting a continuous threat to the poultry industry worldwide. This study evaluated the genetic characteristics of Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) obtained from backyard commercial poultry farms and live bird markets during active and passive surveillance in different regions of Plateau and Nasarawa States of Nigeria between 2009 and 2017. The partial...
Identification of small ruminant external parasite species in Tanqua Abergelle and Kola Tembien districts of Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia
March 2020
Ectoparasites are a major concern in sheep and goat flocks, wherever sheep and goat are kept. A cross-sectional study was carried out in the districts of Kola Tembien and Tanqua Abergelle from September 2014 to June 2017 with the objectives of identifying external parasites to their species level. Randomly selected sheep and goats were clinically examined for the presence of ectoparasites or lesions and identified in...
Aerobic bacterial isolates, incidence rate and associated risk factors of heifer and cow mastitis in and around Debre-Libanos district, Oromia, Ethiopia
January 2020
The investigation was led from February-November 2014 longitudinally to recognize aerobic bacterial isolates, estimate incidence rate, identify the associated risk factors and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of heifer and cow mastitis in and around Debre-Libanos district. An aggregate of 31 Jersey and Holstein-Fresian cross heifers that were left for less than a month to calve were sampled and pursued for the initial...
Ovopet® a new and effective treatment to decrease inflammation, pain and lameness in competing trotters
January 2020
The use of nutritional supplements for joint problems has received much attention in recent years. At this sight, Ovopet®, an innovative ingredient from eggshell membrane that ensures the supply of nutrients necessary for the repair of joints together with anti-inflammatory compounds of natural origin, appears as a natural alternative supplementation for the treatment of joint problems in horses. Thus the aim of...
African animal trypanosomosis in cattle in Bénin: A review
October 2019
African animal trypanosomosis is a disease transmitted by tsetse flies and tabanid to domestic mammals which seriously affects their health status and considerably reduces their productivity. This study proposes to make a synthesis on the bovine trypanosomosis and the various works undertaken in Benin country from 1960 to 2018. After general information on bovine trypanosomosis, the various vectorial agents responsible...
Development of hormonal profiles of Nubian bucks at puberty in Sudan
October 2019
This study was designed to monitor the development of the hormonal profiles of the Nubian bucks at puberty. Thirty two (32) Nubain male kids between 1 day and 24 weeks having body weights of 2.3 to 13.5 kg were utilized in this study. All kids were injected with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Blood samples were collected from the jugular veins of the animals immediately before hCG injection and 1 h after the...
Assessing the impact of Trypanosoma spp. in cattle and its vector infestation in controlled and uncontrolled Kebeles in Kucha Wereda, Southern Ethiopia
October 2019
This study was undertaken in Kucha Woreda to assess the impact of Trypanosoma spp. on cattle and its vector infestation rate using cross-sectional study design. The study was done from November 2016 to June 2017 on 384 local cattle using buffy coat method and tsetse fly density was seen in intervention area with non-controlled area. The overall infection rate 4.17% (N=16) showed an insignificant (p>0.05) difference...
Comparison of fluorescence polarization assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of bovine paratuberculosis
August 2019
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map), is the etiological agent of paratuberculosis, a disease that affects cattle and causes economic losses to the animal husbandry industry. Its opportune diagnosis, in herds, is part of the control measures of the disease; therefore, the objective of this work was to compare paratuberculosis detection of infected bovines with the Fluorescence Polarization Assay (FPA)...
Histology of the midbrain of the grey breasted helmeted guinea fowl (Numida meleagris galeata) at post-hatch
July 2019
The study was carried out to investigate the development of the midbrain in the grey breasted helmeted guinea fowl, Numida meleagris galeata, at post-hatch. Domestication of this species of bird is in an increase, but scanty documentation on the development of midbrain (mesencephalon) and how it relates to the neurobiology of this bird is lacking. In our findings, there was a steady increase in the midbrain mean weights...
Characterization of antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis in Central Ethiopia
July 2019
Staphylococcus aureus is commonly associated with mastitis in dairy herds with potential public health implications. Overall, 303 samples were collected from September 2015 to July 2016 to characterize the phenotypic and genotypic pattern of drug resistance in S. aureus isolated from cases of clinical and sub-clinical bovine mastitis in Central Ethiopia. Milk samples were tested by using California Mastitis Test and...
Antibiotic sensitivity and sodium chloride susceptibility patterns of Flavobacterium columnare isolated from clinical columnaris in cultured Clarias gariepinus
March 2019
Antimicrobial resistance is a global concern, especially with the backdrop of the development of possible environmental and public health hazards. Flavobacterium columnare has been observed to be multi-drug resistant but highly susceptible to sodium chloride, hence the need for susceptibility profiling. Therapeutic efficacy of commonly used antibiotics and sodium chloride was tested in-vitro against four isolates of F....
Rabies serosurvey of domestic dogs in Kigali City, Rwanda
March 2019
In Rwanda, rabies is a threat to public health and the control is mainly done by vaccinating pet dogs annually. However, it is unknown whether dogs that received rabies vaccination achieved protective antibody levels. This study assessed factors influencing rabies antibody titres in vaccinated and non-vaccinated pet dogs in Kigali City, Rwanda. A questionnaire was used to gather information on 137 study dogs and clotted...
Occupational hazards associated with human brucellosis in abattoir settings: A case study of Dodoma abattoir in Tanzania
March 2019
Brucellosis is one of the most widespread zoonotic diseases posing a serious obstacle to public health, food safety and security and, socio-economic development in most African countries. A cross-sectional study was conducted to establish practices that may pose occupational risks of transmission of brucellosis to people working in abattoirs in Tanzania. A total of 452 serum samples; 190, 200 and 62 from cattle, goats...
Comparative cost analysis of three injectable ivermectin preparations in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria
February 2019
The efficacy and comparative cost analysis of three injectable ivermectin preparations was evaluated in West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. Three anthelmintics: ivomec classic® (IVC), ivomec super® (IVS) and ivomec gold® (IVG) were administered at a dose rate of 200µg/kg to control gastrointestinal nematodes in three treatment groups comprising five...
Distribution and molecular characterization of avian hepatitis E virus (aHEV) in domestic and wild birds in Burkina Faso
February 2019
Avian hepatitis E virus (aHEV), clinically important in poultry industry, can cause death and reduce egg production of chickens, resulting in significant economic losses in the poultry industry. However, little is known about this aHEV infection in Burkina Faso. This study presents the results of distribution and characterization of aHEV in domestic and wild birds without clinical disease. In total 173 birds liver...
Common health and welfare problems of working donkeys in Addis Ababa and its surrounding area: Retrospective and questionnaire survey
February 2019
A retrospective study was conducted to assess the health and welfare problems of working donkeys at the Merkato Donkey Sanctuary clinic in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data on 12,991 working donkeys from 2008 to 2010 were analyzed from the data record sheet kept by the clinic. Results on the age distribution of donkeys showed that the average age of the donkeys was around nine years old. Only 7.37% of the donkeys were with...
Bovine mastitis: Prevalence, Isolation and identification of major bacterial pathogens in selected areas of Bench Maji Zone, Southwest Ethiopia
February 2019
A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of mastitis in bovines and to, isolate and identify the major bacterial pathogens of lactating cows in six selected woredas of Bench Maji Zone of Southwestern Ethiopia from June 2017-October 2017. Three hundred eighty four lactating cows were examined for mastitis by combination of udder physical examination, California Mastitis Test and subsequent...
Atresia ani associated with recto-vaginal fistula in two months old Sudanesse crossbreed lamb
February 2019
A case of atresia ani with recto-vaginal fistula was observed in a two-month old Sudanese crossbred lamb. On physical examination, the abdomen was distended, and there was bulging around the perineal region and severe straining. Upon palpation, the anal ring was felt at the anal area, voiding of feaces and urine from the vaginal opening was seen, while the fistula was felt upon vaginal palpation. Reconstructive...
Health and welfare problems of pack donkeys and cart horses in and around Holeta town, Walmara district, Central Ethiopia
January 2019
This study was conducted from October, 2013 to May, 2014 to identify and compare common health and welfare problems of pack donkeys and cart horses in and around Holeta town, central Ethiopia. The presence of the problems was directly assessed on 301 pack donkeys and 84 cart horses, and indirectly assessed in the areas where the study animals were living, grazing and working. Indirect assessments of the problems were...
Reproductive health problems and associated risk factors in intensively managed dairy cows in Alage, Southern Ethiopia
January 2019
Cross sectional study was conducted in Alage dairy farm with the objectives of determining the causes of reproductive wastages, their prevalence and the risk factors on 173 dairy cows (68 Holstein Friesian (HF) and 105 Borena breed) from November 2017 to April 2018. Additionally, a one year data, from September, 2016 to September, 2017 on a total of 172 cows were analyzed. From the one year record data, 33.72% (n=58) of...
The neglected welfare statue of working donkeys in Ethiopia: The case of Dale district in Southern Ethiopia
January 2019
A cross sectional study was conducted on A total of 246 working donkeys from October 2015 to May 2016 with the objectives of assessing the welfare problem and harness related wound in dale district of Sidama Zone. The data were collected using direct (animal-based, using the hand tool) and indirect (owners resource-based, through questionnaire survey) methods. Indirect data was collected on the working management of...
Prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal nematodes infection in sheep and goats in semi-intensively managed farm, South Ethiopia
January 2019
Study on prevalence and associated risk factors of mange mite infestations in cattle in Damot Woyde District, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia
December 2018
A cross sectional study was conducted from October 2017 to April 2018 in Damot Woyde District of Wolayta Zone to estimate the prevalence of mange mite infestation in cattle and identify the associated risk factors. Out of 375 animals examined, 41 (10.9%) were found positive for mange mite infestations. No statistically significant difference was noted among sex, age, breed and management categories (p>0.05); however,...
Strategies for animal disease control in Ethiopia: A review of policies, regulations and actors
December 2018
Ethiopia has the largest livestock population in Africa, making a considerable contribution to the livelihood of Ethiopian people and to the wider economy. However, zoonotic diseases threaten the performance and potential benefits of this vast livestock sector. Emerging zoonotic diseases, such as bovine tuberculosis, brucellosis and anthrax that have acquired global significance seriously affect the livestock sector in...
Dosage regimen associated immuno modulatory effect of levamisole on humoral response of broilers against inactivated avian influenza virus H7N3 adjuvanted vaccines
November 2018
Inactivated oil based avian influenza vaccines are being used to confront viral outbreaks but seem to be ineffective due to the shorter life span of broiler birds. In such situations immunostimulating agents may play a vital role to overcome the problem. The current study was designed to investigate the co-stimulatory effect of levamisole on humoral response of chicken against inactivated oil based influenza vaccines in...
Prevalence and risk analysis of bovine brucellosis in Asella organized dairy farm, Oromia Regional State, South East Ethiopia
October 2018
A cross-sectional study was conducted on organized Dairy Farm at Asella, Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia to determine seroprevalence and risk analysis of bovine brucellosis in May, 2016. A total of 304 samples were collected; all were tested and confirmed serologically using Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and complement fixation test (CFT). Out of 304 samples tested, overall seroprevalence of RBPT and CFT results...
Challenges with the implementation and adoption of assisted reproductive technologies under communal farming system
October 2018
This study aimed to assess the perception of cattle farmers regarding the challenges affecting implementation and adoption of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs) such as oestrous synchronisation and artificial insemination under communal and emerging farming systems in South Africa. The study was conducted in Limpopo, Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal provinces. A total of 27 cattle farmers who participated in the ARTs...
Prevalence and clinical pathology caused by infectious bronchitis virus in poultry birds at Sindh, Pakistan
September 2018
Poultry is a major meat and eggs producing sector that generates high income throughout the world. Despite worldwide growth of poultry, it is influenced by various infectious pathogens especially infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). As a result of heavy economic losses through high morbidity, mortality, deficient performance, low weight gain, abnormal colour and misshapen eggs, this study is designed on identification and...
Assessment on major reproductive health problems of dairy cattle in Boloso Sore, Southern Ethiopia
September 2018
The ultimate goal integrated herd health management is to lower calving interval, decrease the number of services per conception thereby increasing reproduction and production but reproductive health disorders affect the reproductive performance of the dairy cows, the number of potential replacement needed to maintain a constant herd size and the longevity of the cow in the herd. There was insufficiency research...
Association of body weight, scrotal circumference, heart girth and penile development with spermatogenesis in the Nubian bucks
September 2018
This study was designed to monitor the morphological development of the reproductive tract of the Nubian bucks in relation to puberty. Thirty-two Nubian male kids were used in this study. Their ages ranged between 1 day and 24 weeks. The study was undertaken to correlate the body weight (BW), heart girth circumference (HG), scrotal circumference (SC), testicular descent into the scrotum and penile separation from...
A study of Newcastle disease virus in poultry from live bird markets and backyard flocks in Kenya
August 2018
A countrywide cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the presence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in poultry in live bird markets (LBMs) and backyard poultry farms in Kenya. A total of nine hundred and twenty two (922) poultry in backyard flocks and four hundred and fifty four (454) poultry in LBMs were examined. Overall, NDV was detected in 10.1% (46/454) of the poultry sampled in live bird markets. In...
Prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and associated risk factor in Jimma Horro District, Kellem Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia
August 2018
Trypanosomosis is a serious disease that causes a significant production loss in cattle. A cross sectional study was conducted in Jimma Horro District of Kellem Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia to determine prevalence and associated risk factors of bovine trypanosomosis from October 2016 to October 2017. Blood samples from randomly selected 384 cattle of both sex and different age group were collected and examined with...
An observational and questionnaire based study on principles of herd health management on Jimma University dairy farms
August 2018
The study was in Jimma University dairy farm with objective to assess the dairy management aspects of Jimma University dairy farm and to identify the herd health problems of the dairy farm. Ethiopia has a large number of livestock populations and holds the 1st rank in Africa. Despite the huge number of cattle and their economic importance, the productivity is low due to constraints of disease, nutrition, poor...
The efficacy of Ovopet® in the treatment of hip dysplasia in dogs
August 2018
Hip dysplasia is a widespread condition that can affect dogs of all ages. Hip dysplasia is caused by a subluxation in the hip joint. This leads to the development of osteoarthritis that causes inflammation and pain. At this sight, the efficacy of a supplement with Ovopet®, eggshell membrane, was evaluated together with its tolerability and safety. Forty client-owned medium sized arthritic dogs were treated daily for...
Anaesthetic and cardiopulmonary parameters of dogs administered propofol-acepromazine-butorphanol or propofol-acepromazine-buprenorphine anaesthesia
July 2018
The efficacy and safety of premedication with acepromazine-butorphanol or acepromazine-buprenorphine combination were compared in dogs anaesthetized with propofol using total intravenous anaesthesia. Six mature Nigerian indigenous dogs were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 premedication groups: Group 1 (acepromazine, 0.03 mg/kg, IM; butorphanol, 0.4 mg/kg, IM), or 2 (acepromazine, 0.03 mg/kg, IM; buprenorphine, 0.02 mg/kg,...
Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites and identification of major nematodes of cattle in and around Bishoftu, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
July 2018
Although, many studies have been conducted to estimate the prevalence of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) helminths of cattle in Ethiopia, most of them were conducted using simple fecal egg examination rather than larval identification to identify the nematodes. A cross sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017 with the aim of estimating the prevalence of GIT helminths and identifying nematode genera in...
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