Distribution and viability of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in ovine production units of Puebla and State of Mexico in Mexico
October 2024
The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution and viability of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (Map) in various areas of sheep corrals. Four sample collections were carried out every three months for a year in three ovine Livestock Production Units (LPUs). Blood samples were collected from sheep (ELISA Anti-Map), as well as fecal samples. Fecal samples were collected from the following areas in the...
An outbreak of black quarter in cattle at the National Livestock Resources Research Centre, in Maruzi, Apac, Uganda
October 2024
Black quarter (BQ) is an acute, endogenous, infectious bacterial disease that primarily affects the hind limb of ruminants. It is caused by Clostridium chauvoei, a small spindle, Gram-positive, anaerobic rod-shaped spore-forming organism that is motile through peritrichous flagella. It bears the name in honour of Auguste J. B. Chauveau the French veterinarian and bacteriologist (1827–1917). Severe...
Evaluation of biosecurity practices and seroprevalence of mycoplasmosis, infectious laryngotracheitis and swollen head syndrome in layer hens in Dakar and Thiès, Senegal
September 2024
The poultry sector in Senegal has experienced substantial growth due to increased private investment following the 2005 outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), leading to improved socio-economic conditions and enhanced protein intake. Despite this progress, the sector faces significant health challenges from respiratory diseases, including Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza, Newcastle Disease, Infectious...
The traditional livestock breeding practices of Somali pastoralists and small ruminant brucellosis seroprevalence survey in selected villages of Gardo District of Puntland State of Somalia
July 2024
A cross-sectional study was carried out to define the seroprevalence of brucellosis in target animals and the perception of the community on the disease in sheep and goat. Study was undertaken in four purposefully selected sub-regions of the Gardo district of Karkaar region of Somalia, namely: Kubo, Xabaal-reer, Guud-cad, and Cambaaro of Gardo. The small ruminants studied comprised of the 225 indigenous Somali Caprine...
Survey and dominant pathological conditions of pig farms in the centre region of Burkina Faso
May 2024
The aim of this study is to provide a better understanding of the pork sector in Burkina Faso. A survey was conducted among 32 veterinary clinics and practices to determine the primary swine pathologies and the sanitary management of these diseases. Regarding husbandry practices, the study revealed that 43% of surveyed farmers practiced intensive farming, while 53% practiced semi-confinement, and 4% practiced extensive...
Prevalence and identification of major ixodid ticks of cattle in Guder town, West Shewa, Ethiopia
April 2024
A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2018 to June 2018 to determine the prevalence of tick and the associated risk factors and identify major tick genera infesting cattle in Guder town of the West Shewa Zone of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Total 164 cattle under extensive management system purposely from Guder town were selected by systematic random sampling technique and then examined for tick...
Evaluation of the coccidiocidal effects of Vernonia amygdalina and Aloe vera aqueous extracts on poultry in Bambili, North West, Cameroon
March 2024
Coccidiosis is a disease transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food or water with sporulated Eimeria oocysts. Bloody diarrhoea is the primary symptom. Farm poultry production systems are recently challenged with the concept of "clean, green, ethical" which promotes limited use of drugs, chemicals and hormones for poultry welfare. Substituting synthetic drugs with plant-based supplements such as...
Helminth parasites transmission between species of ruminants in urban and peri-urban areas of Ada’a district of Central Ethiopia
January 2024
A study on gastrointestinal helminth parasites (GIHPs) in cattle and sheep was conducted from January 2021 to December 2021 in the urban and peri-urban areas of the Ada’a District of Central Ethiopia. The aim was to estimate the prevalence of GIHPs and associated risk factors, and to assess community awareness of anthelmintic treatment practices for the control of parasitic diseases. The methodology comprised of...
Immune regulatory potentials of coconut water and Vitamin C in broiler chicken exposed to varying housing temperature
November 2023
The ambient temperature has been found to affect the performance and immune response of broiler, hence the need for determination of immunoglobulin level routinely to evaluate their state of immunity call for concern. This study determines the effects of housing temperature and coconut water (CW) on serum immuglobulins of broiler chickens. A total of 600 Marshall broiler chickens were used, with 200 birds in different...
A cross-sectional study on gastrointestinal parasitism in dromedary camel calves in Isiolo County, Kenya
November 2023
A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with gastrointestinal parasitism in dromedary camel calves in Isiolo County, Kenya. Data on farm- and calf- levels were collected through semi-structured questionnaires. The calves were examined, and a faecal sample was collected per rectum for laboratory analysis. The gastrointestinal parasite eggs and oocysts were estimated...
Epidemiology of African Tick-Bite Fever (Rickettsia africae) in Uganda
October 2023
African tick-bite fever is a rickettsial illness that has recently emerged as a significant disease among international travelers. This tick-borne zoonosis is transmitted by Amblyomma ticks, which is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and parts of the eastern Caribbean. Uganda is a major tourism destination with plenty of natural environments visited by tourists. In addition to tourists, the Ugandan population could also be...
In-vitro efficacy of solanum incanum on Rhipicephalus appendiculatus
October 2023
Herbal remedies have a long history of use for tick control. Solanum incanum ripe fruits are locally used to manage ticks. In this study, the effect of S. incanum fruit extracts on egg hatchability, inhibition of oviposition and larval mortality of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks was investigated. The reproductive efficiency of eggs laid by the ticks was determined. The highest number of eggs laid was recorded in the...
Presence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, in goat’s milk, natural rennet and fresh cheese from San Luis Potosi, Mexico
September 2023
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) is the etiological agent of paratuberculosis, which is one of the chronic diseases that cause financial losses in livestock production. Map can be present in cheese and other dairy products, especially those made with unpasteurized milk. Contamination of the food supply chain exposes humans to the bacteria, making the disease an important zoonosis of public health...
Prevalence, risk factors, and molecular identity of Giardia infections in dogs in Nairobi County, Kenya
August 2023
Giardia duodenalis is an emerging zoonotic protozoan parasite that is significantly affecting the health and welfare of dogs in Nairobi County, Kenya. There is limited data on canine giardiasis in Kenya. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence, risk factors and molecular identity of G. duodenalis infections in dogs in Nairobi County, Kenya. Four hundred fecal samples were collected from...
Knowledge, attitude and practice of observing withdrawal period of veterinary drugs in chicken and eggs by poultry farmers in Zaria
May 2023
The veterinary drug is vital for healthy and quality food-animal production. Their use in poultry production is basically for treatment, prophylaxis and growth promotion. However, cases of misuse of these drugs by the poultry farmers have been reported. This is further worsened by extra-label use and non-observance of withdrawal period, leading to deposition of drug residues in poultry products, thus posing a public...
Preliminary study on major causes of carcass condemnation and associated financial losses in chickens slaughtered at a private poultry slaughterhouse in Bishoftu, Ethiopia
April 2023
A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to March 2020 to detect the major causes of carcass condemnation and to estimate the attributed financial loss in chickens slaughtered at a private poultry slaughterhouse in Bishoftu, Ethiopia. The study involves a postmortem (PM) inspection of 400 randomly selected chickens. From a total of 400 chickens subjected to PM examination, 77 (19.25%) of them had...
Pathological lesions associated with Cordylobia anthropophaga infestations of dogs in Kitui County, Kenya
March 2023
Myiasis is the infestation of living tissues of human and animals with larvae of flies in the Order Diptera. This study determined the gross and histopathological lesions due to Cordylobia anthropophaga infestations of Dogs in Kitui County, Kenya. Four dogs identified and confirmed to have canine cutaneous myiasis (CCM) infestation were purchased for the study. All the study animals were clinically examined for skin...
Household characteristics influencing management of indigenous chicken: A case study of Machakos and Busia Counties in Kenya
December 2022
The study was conducted in 225 indigenous chicken keeping households between August 2020 and July 2021 in Machakos and Busia Counties. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-economic factors, flock characteristics and management practices from targeted households. Overall, majority of respondents were male (82%) with formal education (87%). Agriculture was the main source of income for most...
In vitro anthelmintic activity of Leonotis nepetifolia ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts on Fasciola gigantica
December 2022
Fasciolosis is a major problem to livestock production and is considered an emerging health hazard to humans and other animals. An increase in the prevalence of anthelmintic-resistant helminth strains, drug residues in animal products poses a challenge in the control of the disease necessitating research for alternatives. Here, we investigated the presence of anthelmintic phytochemicals in the aqueous and ethanolic...
Evaluation of two Immune-Enzimatic Assays (ELISAs) for detecting Anti-Map anti-bodies in domestic ruminants
November 2022
The objective of the work was to evaluate two ELISA’s for the detection of anti-Map antibodies. 460 serum and fecal samples of bovines (n=267), ovines (n=140), and goats (n=53) were evaluated. Serums were used for detecting anti-Map antibodies using two different ELISAs, one in-house ELISA made with low-molecular weight proteins (<100 kD) from the antigen ultra-filtrate of Map strain 3065, and a commercial...
Correlation between Macruz Index and left atrial enlargement in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease
September 2022
The Macruz Index is a simple electrocardiographic methodology indicated in the evaluation of possible left atrial remodeling in human medicine. In dogs, the main cause of left atrial remodeling is mitral valve myxomatous degeneration, a degenerative valvulopathy with high occurrence in the routine of the veterinary clinic. Thus, the objective was to determine the values of the Macruz Index and correlate them with the...
Interaction in the production of biofilm and drug susceptibility of Candida kefyr with Escherichia coli and Streptococcus dysgalactiae isolated from bovine mastitis
August 2022
Bovine mastitis is a disease with a high economic impact on dairy farms and it has been described that different species of Candida can cause it. The objectives of this study were to evidence the production of biofilm by strains of Candida Kefyr, to carry out a comparative evaluation of its production by tube and plate techniques, to determine its interaction with Escherichia coli and Streptococcus dysgalactiae isolated...
Entomopathogenic fungi (Aspergillus oryzae) as biological control agent of cattle ticks in Tanzania
July 2022
Ticks are the most important ectoparasites that are responsible for severe economic losses in livestock industry. The use of chemical acaricides is the most common method used to control ticks in livestock. This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of Aspergillus oryzae as an alternative biological agent in controlling ticks to enhance livestock productivity. The efficacy of A. oryzae at different...
Comparison of contrast radiography and ultrasonography in diagnosing gastrointestinal obstruction in rabbits
June 2022
Gastrointestinal (GI) obstruction in rabbits is common due to the peculiarities of their gastrointestinal tract. This condition usually has an acute progression before the rabbit succumbs or recovers. Due to the acute nature of gastrointestinal obstruction in rabbits, early detection is important. Contrast radiography and ultrasonography are two non-invasive imaging procedures that can be used to detect underlying...
Brucellosis infection dynamics in cattle and the impacts on production and reproduction in pastoral settings of Tanzania
March 2022
Brucellosis is endemic in pastoral settings of Tanzania with significant socio-economic implications. However, comprehensive studies to establish its impacts had not been elucidated. A longitudinal study was conducted in order to elucidate the dynamics and its impact on production and reproduction. Initially, 464 animals were enrolled with baseline seroprevalence in each herd. Animals were bled every three months to...
Cardiopulmonary and stress responses of xylazine, acepromazine or midazolam sedated West African dwarf goats to different body positioning
March 2022
West African Dwarf (WAD) goats are important source of animal protein, ubiquitous in rural Nigerian households and undergo necessary surgical procedures. Induction of general anaesthesia in goats is associated with resultant severe systemic side effects due to position-induced stress. This study investigated cardiopulmonary and stress responses of WAD goats to three sedatives in different body positioning. Six adult WAD...
Growth performance and rumen fermentation characteristics of West African Dwarf bucks fed dietary Cochlospermum planchonii rhizome
February 2022
A study was conducted to investigate the optimum inclusion level of Cochlospermum planchonii in diets of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats. Twenty five (25) WAD bucks aged 6 to 8 months and assigned to five treatments (T1- T5) of five goats each were used. Goats in T1 were given normal diet and served as the control, while those in T2, T3, T4 and T5 were respectively given diets with inclusion levels of 5, 10, 20 and 40%...
Breeding soundness of semen producing bulls, their semen quality and inter relationship of functional tests with spermatozoa motility percentage
January 2022
This work was conducted to study the breeding soundness of semen producing bulls, their semen quality to functional tests and the inter relationship of these functional tests with spermatozoa motility percentage for the semen produced at National Animal Genetic Improvement Institute (NAGII). A total of 14 breeding bulls (Boran = 4, Crosses of 75% Holstein Frisian × 25% Boran = 4 and Holstein Frisian = 6) with...
Effect of silybon 140® on pentobarbitone anaesthesia in dogs exposed to acetaminophen
December 2021
Onset and duration of anaesthesia as well as the changes in vital parameters associated with pentobarbitone-induced anaesthesia in normal dogs administered acetaminophen with and without Silybon 140® were studied. The rectal temperature, heart rates and respiratory rates of dogs before anaesthesia were higher than those after pentobarbitone (35 mg/kg) treatment alone or its combination with acetaminophen or...
Prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in donkeys and Mule's species in Anseba Region, Eritrea
December 2021
Gastrointestinal helminths (GIH) are the commonly diagnosed infections since ponies, donkeys, and horses are hosts to a wide range of helminths. It is the first qualitative and quantitative cross-sectional study conducted from February 2 to May 20, 2018, to estimate the prevalence of the major gastrointestinal nematodes in donkeys and mules in the Anseba region. For this purpose, 300 donkeys and 30 mules were examined....
Surgical repair of bilateral traumatic lateral patellar luxation associated with injury of medal stifle joint capsule and fascia in a shetland pony
November 2021
An 8-day-old female Shetland pony was referred to the Jeonbuk animal medical center for evaluation of bilateral hindlimb lameness. The foal had been severely lame in the both hind leg since birth. The luxation of the patella was confirmed on physical examinations. During the operation, extensive soft tissue damage and hemorrhage were observed around the medial patellar ligament. Lateral patellar luxation was surgically...
Using participatory epidemiology tools to determine perceived risk factors for foot-and-mouth disease occurrence in selected sub-counties of Isingiro district in Uganda
October 2021
Preliminary steps of the progressive control pathway for foot-and-mouth disease (PCP-FMD), underscores information on risk areas and risk factors for FMD circulation, as essential in development and implementation of appropriate control and elimination strategies. Isingiro district in Uganda, suffers annual FMD outbreaks despite controls implemented by the Government. Using participatory epidemiology (PE) approaches, we...
An evaluation of a pilot herd-health programme for improved health and productivity of smallholder dairy herds in peri-urban Kampala, Uganda
September 2021
A pilot herd-health programme for improved health and productivity of peri-urban dairy herds in Kampala, Uganda was evaluated. A total of 15 herds were enrolled on the program following informed owner consent. Fortnightly, each herd was visited for a general herd evaluation with data captured using standard evaluation form. Following each visit and for every farm, a herd health report was produced with specific...
Quantitative analysis of echotexture and testicular biometry in asinines used in animal-drawn vehicles
September 2021
Testicular ultrasound analysis is a non-invasive diagnostic method and an important step in andrological examination, which enables the early assessment of fertility disorders. Given the importance that asinines have for low-income families, and the need for experiments to establish these patterns of andrological evaluation for donkeys, this study aims to quantitatively determine the testicular echogenicity without a...
Morphological and molecular diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in chickens
August 2021
Confirmatory diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis is paramount to ensure proper treatment and effective management of the disease in food and companion animals. Suspected invasive aspergilllosis in chickens was encountered at post-mortem. Morphological and molecular methods were employed to identify Aspergillus from samples collected from dead chickens at post-mortem. Morphologically, two species of Aspergillus were...
Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia: A review
August 2021
The objective of this review is to generate information about the current status of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) which is recognized as highly infectious, and devastating disease of goats for about 140 years. However, current reports indicated that sheep can be affected. CCPP is caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (Mccp) which is severe and dramatic mycoplasmas, challenging to isolate...
Prevalence of hip dysplasia in domestic shorthair breed of cats in three municipal districts in Accra, Ghana
July 2021
Hip dysplasia in cats appears to have a similar prevalence as that seen in dogs especially with large breeds of cats like the Maine coon. However, cats do not commonly show signs of lameness like dogs do. This study was to determine the prevalence of hip dysplasia in domestic shorthair breed of cats in three municipal districts in Accra, Ghana. Twenty (12 males and 8 females) adult (2.3 ± 0.8 years) shorthair...
Paratuberculosis epidemiological study (risk factors and prevalence) in ovine livestock production units in the State of Guanajuato, Mexico
July 2021
In order to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with paratuberculosis in ovine livestock production units in Guanajuato, Mexico; a cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out for one year long. Serum samples (n = 1387) were analyzed with an agar gel immunodiffusion test. Bacteriological culture and IS900 nested PCR were done from the fecal samples (n=640). For epidemiological data, two...
Antibody response, viral load, viral clearance and growth rate in Tanzanian free-range local chickens infected with lentogenic Newcastle disease virus
May 2021
This study is aimed at evaluating antibody responses, viral loads, viral clearance and growth rate of Tanzanian free-range local chicken (FRLC) challenged with LaSota strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) as indicator traits for selection of chickens for breeding with enhanced resistance to the disease and economic value. Three popular free-range local chicken ecotypes: Kuchi, Ching’wekwe and Morogoro-medium...
Seroprevalence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and brucellosis and their effect on reproductive performance of dairy cattle
May 2021
A total of 332 dairy cow’s sera samples were collected from Kombolcha and Dessie districts of North Ethiopia to determine the sero-prevalence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), and Brucellosis. Sera samples were split into equal portions and competitive ELISA was used for testing IBR in the first portion while Rose Bengal test (RBT) and Complement Fixation Test (CFT) were used for detection of Brucellosis...
A cross-sectional evaluation of aflatoxin B1 and M1 contaminations of dairy cattle production in Northern Nigeria
April 2021
In Nigeria, dairy industry holds monumental prospects in the management of protein deficiencies among the timid Nigerian populace. Emergence of metabolic products of some important fungi, Aflatoxins B1 and M1 (AFB1 and AFM1), may hamper such potentials and poses public health threat to the consumers of dairy products. Hence, the need to undertake a study with the view of evaluating AFB1 and AFM1 levels in dairy cattle...
Prevalence, effects and alternative control methods of Haemonchus contortus in small ruminants: A review
April 2021
Small ruminants farming is a traditional activity mostly practiced by local populations in developing countries since several centuries. Nowadays, due to many biotic and climatic factors, it faces various problems which damage smallholders’ income especially those related to gastrointestinal parasites. In opposite to the chemical drugs use in controlling those parasites, medicinal plants have been investigated...
Bacteriology and cytology of the non-gravid one-humped camel genitalia
April 2021
This study evaluates the cytology and prevalence of bacteria in the genital tract of non-pregnant dromedary camels at the main abattoir of Kano through a cross-sectional design with convenience sampling. Results revealed that Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated with E. coli and S. aureus being the most prevalent....
Taenia saginata taeniosis/cysticercosis risk factors: Applying Pareto principles to model more efficient control and prevention strategies in Botswana
March 2021
Most available data on Taenia saginata taeniosis/cysticercosis risk factors in Botswana neither associate risk factors with Batswana’s lifestyle nor rank risk factors’ contribution to observed prevalence. This disconnect undermines usability of data for bovine cysticercosis control. This study identified bovine cysticercosis risk factors and quantitatively ranked risk factors’ contributions to observed...
Prevalence and risk factors associated with subclinical mastitis in lactating dairy cows under smallholder dairy farming in North East Tanzania
March 2021
A cross-sectional survey was carried out between October 2016 and May 2017 to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCM), associated bacterial pathogens and risk factors under smallholdersmall holder dairy farms in North East Tanzania. The study involved 195 cross breed dairy cows from 130 dairy farms. Data were collected based on questionnaire interview, direct observation, screening using California...
Bacteriological studies on egg yolk forms and different formulations of yolk-citrate semen extender
March 2021
Using a tabular design, the bacteriological profile of egg yolk forms and different formulations of yolk-citrate semen extenders across different storage periods was examined. Twenty-one eggs less than 24 h old were randomly selected from 3 crates of eggs. The yolks were harvested and divided into two equal parts. One part was centrifuged for 1 h at 3500 revolutions per minute (rpm) to get clarified yolk. The remaining...
Peste des Petits Ruminants: Seropositivity and associated risk factors in goats and camel in Dello Mena and Madda Walabu Districts of Bale Zone, South Eastern Ethiopia
February 2021
Despite its endemicity and economic significance in Ethiopia, there was no sero-surveillance report of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in Bale Zone. With this regard the study was conducted in Dello Mena and MaddaWalabu districts of Bale zone with the objectives of determining the seroprevalence of PPR and associated risk factors. A cross sectional study was conducted from March 2017 to May 2017 on weaned goat and...
Microbiological quality of free-range chicken carcasses from a non-regulated slaughter facility in Kenya
February 2021
This study assessed the microbiological quality of meat from free rage-produced chicken processed in an informal slaughter facility. The total viable counts (TVC), total coliform counts, coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, Salmonella species and Campylobacter species were used as indicators. A cross-sectional sampling of chicken carcasses at informal slaughter facility was carried out. Whole...
Comparison of Montanideâ„¢ GEL 01 and oily MontanideTM ISA 50 in presenting a peptide to the immune system of dogs
February 2021
Traditional vaccines based on killed or attenuated microorganisms or inactivated toxins have disadvantages associated with the risks of pathogenicity reversion, contamination with infectious material, variations between vaccine batches, storage problems, among others. Peptide identification containing important epitopes within antigens could be an attractive possibility to avoid those risks. However, in general,...
The trend of aetiologies of chronic emaciation in off-take cattle in Ibadan metropolis
January 2021
Chronic emaciation reflects the severity and duration of the aetiologies associated with a disease condition. The primary aim of this investigation was to determine the trend and most significant causes of chronic emaciation and cachexia in off-take cattle in Ibadan metropolis and to evaluate the clinico-pathologic findings. The study was a prospective one. In this particular study, causative factors of chronic...
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