Brine shrimp toxicity and in vitro antimicrobial activity of Piliostigma thonningii (Schum.) Milne-Redh. [Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae] from Kenya and Malawi against some pathogens of human and veterinary importance
September 2013
Many microorganisms are responsible for causing serious diseases of bacterial origin. Development of drug resistance in animal and human pathogens against commonly used antibiotics has necessitated a search for new antimicrobial substances from other sources including plants. The present study reports on the antimicrobial and brine shrimp lethality of Piliostigma thonningii leaves collected from two...
Assessment of anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants, Dale district, Southern Ethiopia
September 2013
The anthelmintic resistance status of gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants owned by smallholder farmers in the Dale district, Southern Ethiopia, was investigated. A faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was conducted in traditionally managed and naturally infected goats and sheep. For this study, 60 sheep and 60 goats of both sexes, aged from 6 to 18 months, and with a faecal egg count (FEC) of more than 150...
Foot and mouth disease sero-prevalence in cattle in Kenya
September 2013
A cross sectional study was conducted on serum from 39 counties in Kenya in order to determine the prevalence of foot and mouth disease in bovine species. The study utilized serum samples at Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) laboratory including Somali Ecosystem Rinderpest Eradication Coordination Unit (SERECU) project collected in the year 2010. From the serology results, the national prevalence of foot and mouth...
Sero-epidemiology of camel brucellosis in the Afar region of Northeast Ethiopia
September 2013
Camel brucellosis represents a major public health concern, which affects social and economic development in developing countries. A cross-sectional study was conducted in three selected districts of Afar region of Ethiopia to determine seroprevalence of camel brucellosis. A total of 1152 camels from 168 camel herds were included in the study. All serum samples were consequently tested and confirmed serologically using...
Prevalence and economic significance of bovine fasciolosis in Nekemte Municipal abattoir
August 2013
A cross-sectional study was carried out from November, 2011 to March, 2012 at Nekemte municipal abattoir to assess prevalence and economic significance of bovine fasciolosis. Out of 384 cattle examined at post mortem, 21.9% (84) were positive for fasciolosis. The prevalence of bovine fasciolosis was found to be significantly affected (P < 0.05) by the age of animal, in which young animals were affected than adult...
Disruption of estrus and conception in the acute phase of Fasciola gigantica infections in Yankasa ewes
August 2013
The effect of the hepatic migratory phase of Fasciola gigantica infections on estrus response to synchronization, conception rates, serum enzyme and biochemical changes in Yankasa ewes was investigated. Twelve adult Yankasa ewes were randomly assigned to one of two groups of 6 animals each. The ewes in Group 1 were each infected with 1,200 metacercaria of F. gigantica each while Group 2 served...
Study on bovine mastitis and its effect on chemical composition of milk in and around Gondar Town, Ethiopia
August 2013
A cross sectional study was undertaken from October, 2010 to June, 2011 to estimate prevalence of mastitis, to identify potential risk factors, and to assess impact of mastitis on chemical composition of bovine milk in and around Gondar town, Ethiopia. The study was conducted using California Mastitis Test for screening of subclinical mastitis, clinical examination and ultramilker to analyze chemical composition of...
Prevalence of ovine gastrointestinal nematodes in and around Asella, South Eastern Ethiopia
August 2013
A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with ovine gastrointestinal nematode infestation by faecal examination of 408 sheep from five different sites in and around Asella, South Eastern Ethiopia. The mean eggs per gram (EPG) count determined using modified McMaster technique showed that 73 (30.04%) of the sheep were lightly infested, 98 (40.34%) moderately infested...
Evaluation of the effectiveness of two medicinal plants Vernonia amygdalina and Leonotis nepetaefolia on the gastrointestinal parasites of goats in Rwanda: Case study of Huye and Gisagara districts
August 2013
The two most commonly used medicinal plants as traditional healers were identified (Vernonia amygdalina and Leonotis nepetaefolia) and were tested for their effectiveness as antiparasitic drugs on the gastrointestinal parasites of goats in some sectors of Huye and Gisagara districts of Rwanda. A survey was conducted which revealed that 87.5% of the knowledge of veterinary traditional medicine is transmitted...
Temporal distribution of diseases of farm animals presented to Gondar University Veterinary Clinic, Ethiopia, during the years 2007 to 2009
August 2013
A retrospective study was conducted to determine temporal distribution of clinical diseases of farm animals presented to Gondar University Veterinary Clinic during the years 2007 to 2009. Of the total 1966 clinical cases, septicemia, parasitic cases, pneumonia, reproductive tract problems, metabolic disorders, wound, clinical mastitis and dermatitis were frequent cases and contributed 33.2, 22.4, 15.7, 5, 4.2, 4.1, 3...
Management of exudative epidermitis (greasy pig disease) in 4 week old piglets
July 2013
An outbreak of dermatological disease in piglets from backyard piggery in Makurdi Benue State, Nigeria was investigated and detected to be “Greasy pig disease” which was also confirmed by bacteriological identification of the etiology as Staphylococcus hyicus. The disease is characterized by exudative inflammation of the epidermis in pigs. The natural infection and characteristic lesions were...
The study on tsetse fly (Glossina species) and their role in the trypanosome infection rate in Birbir valley, Baro Akobo River system, western Ethiopia
July 2013
The study was conducted in Birbir valley of Oromia Regional State, Western Ethiopia from November, 2009 to July, 2010 to determine the trypanosome infection rate ofGlossina species and to relate with season tsetse population density and epidemiology of bovine trypanosomosis. A total of 384 flies of four species were dissected. The overall infection rate of Glossina species was 5.98% among which 4 (1.04%)...
Earfly bite wounds in dogs in Ibadan, South-West Nigeria
July 2013
A study was conducted in Ibadan, South-West Nigeria between 2005 and 2009 to determine the prevalence, risk factors and management protocols employed in earfly bite wounds in dogs. Review of case records, physical examinations and administration of structured questionnaire were used to obtain information with regard to the number of cases of earfly bite wounds presented, signalment, anatomical features, treatment...
Assessment on the indigenous knowledge of pastoral community on contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in Borana and Guji lowlands, Southern Ethiopia
June 2013
Assessment on the indigenous knowledge of pastoral communities in Borana and Guji lowlands on contagious caprine pleuropneumonia was done in 2008 using participatory appraisal techniques and conventional disease investigation methods. The participatory appraisal techniques employed were matrix scoring and seasonal calendar. To triangulate the findings during the participatory appraisal, clinical and laboratory...
Trypanosome infection rate of Glossina pallidipes and trypanosomosis prevalence in cattle in Amaro Special District of Southern Ethiopia
June 2013
The survey was conducted in Amaro Special District, Southern Ethiopia in 2010. It was initiated to determine the trypanosome infection rate, population density of Glossinaspecies and prevalence of trypanosomosis in cattle. Glossina pallidipes was the only species of tsetse found in the study area during the study period. A total of 202 flies were dissected. The overall infection rate of G....
Bovine tuberculosis and its associated risk factors in pastoral and agro-pastoral cattle herds of Afar Region, Northeast Ethiopia
June 2013
Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) has a potential public health risk and economic impact in pastoralist community whose livelihood depends on their livestock. A cross-sectional study was carried out from September, 2008 to June, 2011 on 1087 cattle under pastoral and agro-pastoral production system in four districts of Afar Pastoral Region of Ethiopia using comparative intradermal tuberculin skin test to estimate the prevalence...
Mixed infection of Trichophyton species in a Nigerian part Arab horse with dermatophytosis
May 2013
A five-year-old Nigerian part Arab horse kept in the University of Nigeria, Nsukka demonstration farm was observed to have non-exudative, scaly circumscribed lesions on its body. Two dermatophytic fungi, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton verrucosum, were isolated from its hair plucking and skin scrapings. This report describes the trend in the diagnosis and differentiation of the two species of...
An incidence of cystic endometrial hyperplaisia - pyometra complex in a Nigerian local breed bitch treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) as a contraceptive
May 2013
A four year-old Nigerian local breed bitch was presented to the Small Animal Unit of the Ahmadu Bello University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (ABUVTH) Zaria, with distended abdomen despite decreased appetite and persistent vaginal discharge, pale mucus membrane, fever and vomiting, after medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) treatment. Heamatological examination revealed anemia, neutrophilia, hypoproteinemia and increased...
Identification and characterization of Salmonella species in whole egg purchased from local markets in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
May 2013
Currently, salmonellosis is one of the major food borne pathogen both in developing and developed countries. Humans encountered this problem by consuming raw or undercooked food especially of poultry and egg products. The objective of the study was to identify and characterize Salmonella species in trans-ovarian contaminated eggs purchased from local markets in Addis Ababa. The study was conducted by...
Prevalence and seasonal incidence of bovine trypanosomosis in Birbir valley, Baro Akobo River system, Western Ethiopia
May 2013
The study was conducted in Birbir valley of Oromia Regional State, Western Ethiopia from November 2009 to July 2010 to determine the prevalence and seasonal incidence of bovine trypanosomosis. Blood samples from 2219 randomly selected cattle of both sex and different age groups were collected and examined with conventional hematological and parasitological techniques. Out of the total examined animals, 195 (8.78%)...
Do probiotics affect the behavior of turkey poults?
May 2013
With the concept that measuring behavior is often the first step to take when studying how the brain operates, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of probiotic on turkey poult's behavior which will confirm the new concept that gut microbes can influence the brain. Ecobiol® probiotic, spores of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and a carrier as serum of milk with a minimum guaranteed...
On-farm diagnosis of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in nomadic herds using latex agglutination test (LAT)
April 2013
Three outbreaks of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in Kafur Local Government Area of Katsina State, involving a total of 250 animals were reported. All the animals were examined thoroughly and based on the clinical signs exhibited, 120 (group A, n= 51, B, n=29 and C, n=40) animals were selected for latex agglutination test (LAT), using serum from each of the animal. The results indicate infection rates of 11.8%...
Histomorphology of the digestive system of red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) in Latvia
April 2013
The present study described the histo-morphological and immuno-histochemical characteristics of the digestive and neuroendocrine systems of captive wild domesticated red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Latvia. Results revealed that four (4) out of the five (5) animals studied showed keratinization of the rumen mucosa, with patchy loci of parakeratotic basal cells in the epithelium of the rumen wall. Neutrophilic leukocytes,...
Occurrence of ectoparasites and gastro-intestinal helminthes infections in Fayoumi chickens (Gallus gallus Fayoumi) in Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center Poultry Farm, Oromia region, Ethiopia
April 2013
A study for ectoparasites and gastrointestinal (GI)-helminthes was conducted on 212 Fayoumi chickens raised under semi-intensive management system at Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center (DZARC) poultry farm from October, 2009 to May, 2010. The results of study indicated that 52 (24.53%), 34 (16.04%) and 5 (2.35%) of the examined chickens were harbouring one species of nematode (Ascaridia galli), three species of...
Major reproductive disorders of dairy cows in and around Asella town, Central Ethiopia
April 2013
Reproductive disorders are one of the most important problems that affect the production and productivity of dairy cows. A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of major reproductive disorders of dairy cows in and around Asella town, Central Ethiopia. For this purpose, a total of 82 owners and/or attendants of dairy cow herds were interviewed using structured questionnaire, and in addition, a...
Major prepartum and postpartum reproductive problems of dairy cattle in Central Ethiopia
April 2013
A survey to determine major prepartum and postpartum reproductive problems of dairy cattle was carried out in three selected dairy farms in Debre Zeit town. Retrospective data analysis together with survey on major prepartum and postpartum reproductive problems were carried out through regular clinical follow up. A retrospective analysis of clinical data collected from a total of 711 cows in three farms was done and...
Prevalence of subclinical mastitis in lactating cows in selected commercial dairy farms of Holeta district
March 2013
A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in lactating dairy cows from August 10, 2011 to May 25, 2012 in three purposively selected commercial dairy farms in Holeta district, Ethiopia. The study was carried out through field screening surveys by California mastitis test for each quarter milk sample, followed by bacteriological examination to identify the causative...
Study on prevalence and identification of ticks in Humbo district, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region (SNNPR), Ethiopia
March 2013
The distribution and abundance of cattle tick species in Humbo woreda, Wolaita zone, was studied over a period of 6 months from November, 2011 to April, 2012. Adult ticks were collected from seven main body regions of 384 cattle which were under extensive management system. Out of the total of 384 cattle examined, 238 (61%) were found to be infested by one or more tick species. About 2,439 adult ticks were collected...
Camel brucellosis and management practices in Jijiga and Babile districts, Eastern Ethiopia
March 2013
A cross-sectional study was carried out on sera of 822 randomly selected camels in order to estimate seroprevalence and risk factors of brucellosis and assess camel management practices. A questionnaire survey was administered to one-hundred willing respondents out of the total 185 camel owners whose camels were included in the sample unit. The sera were first screened by Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and then all...
Prevalence, cyst characterization and economic importance of bovine hydatidosis in Mekelle municipality abattoir, Northern Ethiopia
March 2013
A cross-sectional survey of bovine hydatidosis was carried out on 840 local zebu cattle slaughtered at Mekelle municipal abattoir to determine the prevalence, fertility of hydatid cysts and to assess economic loss. The total prevalence rate was found to be 28.09% at the study period of 8 months from October to May. Observation during the survey period also revealed that the infection rate among different age groups of...
Effects of three Chinese herbal crude polysaccharides on immunoglobulin A secreting cells and serum antibody titers in vaccinated chickens
March 2013
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of three Chinese herbal crude polysaccharides on immunoglobulin A secreting cells and serum antibody titers in vaccinated chickens. A total of 450 14-day-old chickens were randomly assigned to nine equal groups and all chickens were vaccinated. Concurrent with the first vaccination, chickens in groups 1 to 8 were intramuscularly injected with four crude polysaccharides...
Expedited management of ulcer, colic and diarrhea in 209 horses: An open-labeled observational study of a potency-enhanced sucralfate-like elm phyto-saccharide
February 2013
A potency-enhanced polyanionic phyto-saccharide of elm mucilage (PEPPS) was prescribed in 209 horses in an open-labeled field trial. Clients provided informed consent to 32 equine veterinarians to prescribe PEPPS for low grade colic and diarrhea unresponsive to deworming. Most of the horses (n = 175/209) were presumed to have ulcers clinically, while 23/209 were confirmed by gastroscopy to have ulcers and 11/209 horses...
Prevalence of bovine coccidia in Kombolcha district of South Wollo, Ethiopia
February 2013
A cross sectional study was conducted from November 2011 up to April 2012 in Kombolcha town to determine the prevalence of coccidia infection in calves. Fecal samples were collected from a total of 288 calves with the age of 1 month to 1 year old which were included in the study purposively. After collection, the samples were transported to the laboratory and examined for the presence of Eimeria oocyst by...
Gross pathological changes in the reproductive tracts of cows slaughtered at two abattoirs in Southern Ethiopia
February 2013
Abattoir based study was conducted to assess the type and prevalence of reproductive abnormalities and pregnancy status of cows slaughtered at Hawassa municipality abattoir and Tula slaughter house. Out of the 345 genital tracts examined, one or two gross abnormalities with different degrees of severity were observed in 124 (35.9%) of genital tract. The most common abnormalities encountered were ovariobursal adhesions...
Occurrences and financial significance of bovine cystic echinococcosis in Southern Wollo, Northeastern Ethiopia
February 2013
The study was carried out in Kombolcha ELFORA Industrial Abattoir to assess the current status and economic importance of bovine hydatidosis. Hyatid cyst count, characterization and economic loss assessment were conducted out of a total of 535 cattles slaughtered in Kombolcha ELFORA Industrial Abattoir. 93 (17.4%) animals were found harboring hydatid cysts. Thorough meat inspection in the abattoir revealed that 101...
Molecular detection of canine parvovirus in Jos, Nigeria
February 2013
Canine parvovirus (CPV) remains the most significant viral cause of enteritis in puppies over the age of two months. This study was meant to detect the virus by targeting the VP2 gene, a 583 bp gene (nucleotide 4003 to 4585) of the capsid protein. The detection of the virus was carried out by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on one hundred and nine samples. Seventy five of these were rectal swabs while...
Prevalence and economic importance of liver parasites: Hydatid Cyst, Fasciola species and Cysticercus tenuicolis in sheep and goats slaughtered at Addis Ababa abattoir enterprise in Ethiopia
January 2013
This research was designed to determine the prevalence of Cysticercus tenuicollis,Fasciola and Hydatid cyst and to estimate the magnitude of the direct financial losses attributed to the condemned liver of sheep and goats slaughtered in the abattoir. Ante-mortem examination was done to determine the origin and age of animals slaughtered. Post-mortem inspection was conducted on a total of 1152 animals...
Hepatoprotective effect of Phyllanthus niruri aqueous extract in acetaminophen sub-acutec exposure rabbits
January 2013
The hepatoprotective effect of the aqueous extract of Phyllanthus niruri was evaluated in an acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity study using 24 male rabbits of the New Zealand White breed. The rabbits were randomly divided into six groups of 4 rabbits each. Group I served as a negative control group and was given only distilled water. Group II received only acetaminophen at 300 mg/kg. Groups III, IV and V...
Prevalence of Listeria species in retail quail products from Isfahan, Iran
January 2013
Listeria species are Gram positive, short, non sporing rods, microaerophilic. Of the six species currently recognized, Listeria monocytogenes is the most important as it causes a range of infections in humans and animals. This study was undertaken to determine the occurrence of Listeria spp. in retail quail products in Isfahan, Iran. A total of 150 samples of meat, liver,...
Gastrointestinal helminthes of dogs and owners’ perception of dogs parasitic zoonoses in Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia
January 2013
The prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes in dogs was investigated by faecal examination from 860 dogs employing direct smear, simple flotation and sedimentation techniques. A structured questionnaire was also completed by 476 owners to assess the public awareness of zoonotic helminthes transmitted by dogs. Of the 860 dogs examined 768 (89.3%) were found to be positive for different types of helminth eggs. The...
Comparison of reverse line blot and β-tubulin targeted nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques in the detection of Theileria and Babesia piroplasms in cattle in Uganda
January 2013
Three hundred (300) blood samples from apparently healthy cattle were collected in areas around Lake Mburo National Park in Western Uganda. These were used in the comparison of the sensitivity and specificity of reverse line blot (RLB) and β-tubulin targeted nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the detection of tick-borne piroplasms in cattle. The sensitivity of RLB technique for the detection...
Effect of the periparturient period on blood free amino acid concentration in dairy cows/healthy cows
December 2012
A negative energy balance (NEB) attributed to sugar and lipid metabolic disorders are common in periparturient cows. The relationship between periparturient disorders and amino acid metabolism is unclear. The present study was aimed to observe the kinetics of blood free amino acids healthy periparturient cows simultaneously with the concentrations of biochemical constituents in plasma. The changes in the concentrations...
Effect of adding arginine in different concentrations on some physical properties of poor motile bull sperms during different months
December 2012
In order to investigate the effect of adding arginine on poor motile bull sperms, this study was conducted in Artificial Insemination Center, Iraq, from December, 2008 to July, 2009. 114 ejaculates with poor motile sperms estimated (30 to 55%) were collected by artificial vagina (AV) from 10 Holstein bulls and extended with Tris-yolk-fructose extender supplemented with different concentrations of arginine (0, 0.002,...
The effects of vaccination, antibiotic and vitamin therapy on some clinical parameters associated with natural outbreak of fowlpox in chickens
December 2012
The management of field outbreak of fowlpox in chickens was studied in a batch of 1050, five weeks old white cockerels. Post infection or emergency vaccination and the oral administration of antibiotics, and vitamins were investigated on how they can reduce the clinical parameter associated with fowl pox infections in chickens. Natural outbreak of fowlpox was observed in the birds at the age of five weeks and clinical...
Spatial distribution of tsetse flies in the Blue Nile State, Sudan
December 2012
The present study was carried out to spot the limit of tsetse fly belt in the Blue Nile State as the consecutive ecological changes tend to create significant modification in tsetse distribution. The survey was carried out for three weeks during March, 2011. Traps were placed in various vegetation types assumed to possibly harbor tsetse flies and were placed 200 m for three days at each site and harvested after 24 h....
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha signaling: Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor-dependent angiogenesis during ovarian corpus luteum development in mammals
November 2012
The corpus luteum (CL) is a temporary endocrine structure in mammals, which is the site of intense capillary network (angiogenesis). The angiogenesis is a process of vascular growth that is mainly limited to the reproductive system in healthy adult animals, which enables the hormone-producing cells to obtain the oxygen, nutrients and also precursors necessary to synthesize and release different hormones essential for...
Study on ovine fasciolosis: Prevalence and associated risk factors in North Gondar Zone, Ethiopia
November 2012
A cross sectional study was conducted from November to April, 2011 in three districts (Gondar town, Gondar Zuria, and Dembia) of North Gondar Administrative Zone (NGAZ). The objectives of the study, were to determine the prevalence ovine fasciolosis and to asses risk factors associated with fasciolosis in sheep. Coprological examinations, was used to collect fresh fecal samples directly from live sheep during the study...
Prevalence and public health significance of ovine hydatidosis in Bahir Dar Town, Ethiopia
November 2012
Both cross-sectional and retrospective studies were conducted from October 2010 to April 2011 in Bahir Dar municipal abattoir and Azewa hotel to determine the prevalence and public health importance of hydatidosis in sheep. Hydatid cyst characterization was conducted based on routine meat inspection. Of the total of 400 sheeps examined by thorough meat inspection in Bahir Dar municipal abattoir and Azewa hotel, it was...
Study on prevalence of bovine mastitis and its major causative agents in West Harerghe zone, Doba district, Ethiopia
November 2012
A cross-sectional study was carried out in Doba district, West Harerghe, Eastern Oromiya State, Ethiopia from November 2010 to April 2011 with the aim of determining prevalence of mastitis in Zebu cows and to identify associated risk factors and major etiological agents. A total of 384 lactating Zebu cows were included in this study and out of these, 89 (23.18%) were found to be reactive by California mastitis test...
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