Microbiological quality of frozen raw and undercooked Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets and food safety practices of fish handlers in Arba Minch town, SNNPR, Ethiopia
March 2017
The study was designed to assess the microbiological quality of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets and food safety practices of fish handlers in Arba Minch town, SNNPR, Ethiopia. A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess the food safety practices of fish handlers. The microbiological quality of frozen raw and undercooked (Asa leb-leb) tilapia fillets was assessed by determining the total plate count and...
Bursa body index as a visual indicator for the assessment of bursa of Fabricius
February 2017
The objective of the present study was to identify the significance of the Bursal-Body index (BB index) as a tool in assessing the health status of a chicken flock especially those under experimental condition. With the unending debate on the bursa of Fabricius as a diagnostic tool, a total of 135 day-of-hatch Dominant black Cockerel hybrid were housed in six separate houses with positive pressure and filtered airflow....
Prevalence and species of major gastrointestinal parasites of donkeys in Tenta Woreda, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
February 2017
A cross sectional study was carried out from January 2014 to May 2015 in Tenta Woreda, Amhara regional state, Ethiopia to identify the species and determine the overall prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites of donkeys. A total of 300 fecal samples were collected from randomly selected donkeys and examined with flotation, sedimentation, McMaster and Baerman fecal examination techniques. The overall prevalence was...
Eukaryotic expression and characterization of BHV-1 glycoprotein D (gD) as a potential diagnostic antigen
January 2017
Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) causes Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/Pustular vulvovaginitis in cattle. Glycoprotein D (gD) of BHV-1 represents a major component of the viral envelope and is a dominant immunogen. gD encoding gene was expressed in baculovirus-insect cell system. Viral genomic DNA extracted from BHV-1 grown on Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cell monolayer was used as a template for PCR amplification of...
Prevalence of endo-parasites in donkeys and camels in Karamoja sub-region, North-eastern Uganda
January 2017
Donkeys (Ass-Equus-assinus) and camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Uganda are mainly owned by low income earners and peasant farmers, mainly in the semi-arid North-eastern Uganda in Karamoja and Sebei sub-regions. The animals however, seem to receive little or relatively no veterinary care. This study was carried out in Moroto and Amudat districts, Karamoja sub-region, Uganda in March 2016. Faecal samples of 110 randomly...
Incidence and the history of Echinococcus granulosus infection in dogs within the past few decades in Libya: A review
January 2017
Echinococcus granulosus is a tiny tapeworm that parasitizes the small intestine of canids, mainly dogs, which act as definitive hosts for the parasite. Infected dogs are the main source of infection to humans and livestock which act as intermediate hosts resulting in hydatid disease condition. E. granulosus is widely distributed in many parts of the world, and is very common in North...
The epidemiology of major ectoparasites of sheep and the effectiveness of the control campaign employed in Tiyo and Diksis Districts, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
December 2016
A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2013 to July 2014 with the objectives to determine the prevalence of ectoparasite of sheep in the Tiyo and Diksis districts, determine the effectiveness of control program against sheep ectoparasites in the study area and major risk factors associated with effectiveness of control program. A total of 646 sheep (323 from each districts) were examined for the presence of...
Prevalence of poultry coccidiosis in and around Yabello, southern Ethiopia
December 2016
This study was conducted in and around Yabello, Southern Ethiopia, with the objective of determining the prevalence of poultry coccidiosis and its associated risk factors. Faecal samples were collected from total of 384 chickens. Floatation technique was used to detect coccidian oocyst. The result revealed that out of 384 chickens, 74 were positive to coccidiosis and overall prevalence was 19.3%. The frequency of...
Genetic evolution of infectious bursal disease virus in Senegal
December 2016
In recent years very virulent (VV) IBDV strains and classical (CV) IBDV strains re-emerged and caused devastating outbreaks in different parts of the world. In this study, genetic evolution of fifteen IBDVs collected in Senegal in 1979, 1999, 2007, 2012, 2013 and 2014 was characterized to gain information for a better control of IBD. Following RT-PCR, nucleotide sequence of the VP2 hypervariable region was determined...
Coliform organisms associated with milk of cows with mastitis and their sensitivity to commonly available antibiotics in Kaduna State, Nigeria
December 2016
An examination of raw milk for the isolation of coliforms as members of mastitis-causing organisms was conducted on 300 cows from four Local Government Areas in Kaduna State, northern Nigeria. A 10.3% prevalence was recorded for coliform organisms using the Microgen GN-ID A+B Kit (Medica-TecTM), these were; Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Serratia marcescens, Proteus spp. and Pantoea agglomerans...
Poultry coccidiosis: Prevalence and associated risk factors in extensive and intensive farming systems in Jimma Town, Jimma, Ethiopia
December 2016
Despite the presence of large number of chicken in Ethiopia, contribution to national economy or benefit from this sector of activity is very limited due to diseases and management, out of which poultry coccidiosis is a leading problem. A cross sectional study was undertaken in Jimma town and College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine’s (JUCAVM) poultry farm from November 2014 to April 2015 with the objective...
Evaluation of mucin and cytokines expression with intraepithelial lymphocytes determination in the caecum of broilers administered with Enterococcus faecium EF55 and challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis SE147
December 2016
The protective effect of probiotic strain Enterococcus faecium EF55 in chicks challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis 147 (SE147) was assessed in caecum and blood. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection of mRNAs of chicken intestinal mucin gene (MUC2), Interleukin (IL-15) and Interleukin (IL-17) cytokines, together with flow cytometry determination of...
Evaluation of pacing as an indicator of musculoskeletal pathology in dogs
December 2016
Little is currently known about the pacing gait in dogs and it has been speculated that pacing may be utilized by dogs with musculoskeletal pathology. The goals of the present study were to determine if pacing in dogs is associated with musculoskeletal disease and to establish if controlled speed impacts pacing. Dogs underwent orthopedic and lameness assessments. Musculoskeletal pathology, when identified, was further...
Assessment of cadmium (Cd) residues in organs and muscles of slaughtered pigs at Nsukka and environs in Enugu State, Nigeria
November 2016
Pork is a major source of protein to man and widely consumed in Enugu State. The present study was undertaken to ascertain the presence and levels of cadmium in muscles and organs of slaughtered pigs at Nsukka agricultural zone. From a total of 160 slaughtered pigs, liver, kidney and muscle samples of each pig were collected and processed for the detection of cadmium residue using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. A...
Sero-prevalence of Newcastle disease virus antibodies in local and exotic chickens in Gwagwalada, Nigeria
November 2016
This present study was conducted to determine the sero-prevalence of Newcastle disease (ND) antibodies in both local and exotic chickens in Gwagwalada, Nigeria. Two hundred sera were randomly collected post slaughter from chickens and analysed by Haemagglutination (HI) and Haemagglutination Inhibition Test (HIT). Fifty structured questionnaires were distributed among poultry keepers, workers and other stakeholders to...
Assessment of public knowledge, attitude and practices towards rabies in Debark Woreda, North Gondar, Ethiopia
November 2016
The study was conducted from November 2015 to April 2016 to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) on rabies and associated risk factors among the community of Debark district, North Gonder, Amhara regional state, Ethiopia. For this cross-sectional study, a simple random sampling procedure was employed to select kebeles. From the list of kebeles, six were randomly selected using lottery method. Then, 70...
Hematology and serum biochemistry of farmed bullfrog, Lithobates catesbeianus during the active and hibernating periods
November 2016
The Bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus is a species of economic important edible frog and often chosen as experimental animal model. Although, some studies in the literatures have reported the parameters of hematology and serum biochemistry in several Rana species, a comprehensive profile of hematology and biochemistry in farmed bullfrogs was very limited, especially during the hibernating period. 140 apparently healthy...
Evaluation of knowledge, attitude and practices of agro-pastoralists on tsetse fly(Glossina sp.) in Western Serengeti Tanzania
November 2016
A cross-section study was conducted to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practices about tsetse (Glossina) and trypanosomiasis among the agro-pastoralists communities around the Ikorongo/Grumeti game reserves in the Western Serengeti. Structured questionnaire were administered to 80 respondents and out of these 95% had adequate knowledge about tsetse flies and 79% knew the local names of the fly. The study also revealed...
Major causes of lung and liver condemnation and associated risk factors in cattle slaughtered at Hawassa Municipal abattoir, Southern Ethiopia
November 2016
The study was conducted from November, 2013 to March, 2014 at Hawassa municipal abattoir, Southern Ethiopia with the aim of identifying the major causes of liver and lung condemnation and assessing possible risk factors associated with organ condemnation. Standard ante-mortem and post-mortem procedures were followed throughout the study and abnormalities were recorded. A total of 399 cattle were considered for ante...
Prevalence and possible risk factors for caprine paratuberculosis in intensive dairy production units in Guanajuato, Mexico
November 2016
In order to determine the prevalence of caprine paratuberculosis and the possible risk factors associated a cross-sectional epidemiological study (February to June, 2009) was carried out in dairy goat intensive production units in Guanajuto, Mexico. Blood (n=821) and fecal (n=240) were sampled from goats (older than one year of age) were randomly selected from thirteen dairy goat intensive production units. Serum...
Major causes of organ condemnation and associated financial loss in cattle slaughtered at Hawassa Municipal Abattoir, Ethiopia
October 2016
Carcass and organ condemnations cause big economic losses in the cattle industry. A cross sectional study was conducted from October 2015 to May 2016 with the aim of identifying gross pathological changes that cause organ condemnation and to estimate the direct financial losses attributed to the condemned organs in cattle slaughtered at Hawassa municipal abattoir. Prior to slaughter, animals were subjected to routine...
In vitro analysis of the dissolution rate of canine uroliths using Moringa oliefera root
October 2016
Urolithiasis is a common disorder of humans and animals. The surgical intervention to correct the condition is expensive and alternative cheaper botanical treatments should be explored. Various botanicals have been shown in vitro not only to dissolute, but also inhibit orolith accretions. In this study the in-vitro efficacy, anti-urolithiatic potential and dissolution rate of aqueous and ethanol, chloroform, and...
Disease management and biosecurity measures of small-scale commercial poultry farms in and around Debre Markos, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
October 2016
This cross-sectional study was carried out to assess disease management and biosecurity measures of small scale commercial poultry farms by structured questionnaire through personal interview. The data was analysed by χ2 and t-test, one way analysis of variance and general linear model by SPSS software. The result shown that, only 38.8% of the producers’ suspects Coccidiosis was the frequently occurred disease...
Potency of four different commercial infectious bursal disease (IBD) vaccines and different vaccination schedules in cockerels
September 2016
A potency trial was conducted to evaluate the potency of four commonly used infectious bursal disease (IBD) live vaccines to determine the most appropriate vaccination response to establish the most appropriate vaccination programme against IBD in Nigeria. A total of 700 day old cockerels were randomly divided into six groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. Groups 1 to 4 were the vaccination cockerels while Groups 5 and 6 were...
A study on cattle trypanosomosis and its vectors in Gimbo and Guraferda districts of Southwest Ethiopia
September 2016
A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of cattle trypanosomosis and assess the distribution of its vectors in Gimbo and Guraferda districts of Kaffa and Bench Maji zones, respectively, in Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Regional State (SNNPRS), Ethiopia from November 2011 to March 2012. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 490 local zebu cattle from...
Study on prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and density of its vectors in three selected districts of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia
September 2016
The study was conducted from November, 2013 to March, 2014 in three selected districts of Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia with objective of determining the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and density of its vectors. Blood samples from 480 randomly selected cattle of both sexes different age, coat color and body condition score groups were collected and examined with conventional hematological and entomological...
A study on prevalence of paramphistomum in cattle slaughtered in Gondar Elfora Abattoir, Ethiopia
August 2016
A cross sectional study was carried out from October 2010 to April 2011 in Gondar Elfora Abattoir to determine the prevalence of paramphistomosis in cattle (local, cross) breeds which were came from highland, mid highland and lowland areas. Three hundred eighty-four (384) cattle were included for routine ante-mortem and postmortem examination for the presence of paramphistomum. The parasite was examined grossly and...
Newcastle disease: Seroprevalence and associated risk factors in backyard and small scale chicken producer farms in Agarfa and Sinana Districts of Bale Zone, Ethiopia
August 2016
A cross-sectional study on seroprevalence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antibodies in backyard and small-scale chicken producer farms in Agarfa and Sinana districts was conducted using hemagglutination inhibition test (HAI) from February, 2015 to May, 2015. A total of 384 chicken sera were randomly collected from ten kebeles of the selected districts. Hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) test was used to analyze 384...
Seroprevalence and risk factors for reproductive diseases in dairy cattle in Mexico
August 2016
The purpose of the study was to estimate seroprevalence of four reproductive diseases: brucellosis, bovine virus diarrhea (BVD), neosporosis and bovine respiratory rhinotracheitis (IBR) in dairy cattle in Mexico. In a stratified multi-stage design, 4,487 serum samples were collected in 182 herds from different states of Mexico. Epidemiologic and spatial information was also collected to evaluate risk factors and...
Risk factors of haemoparasites and some haematological parameters of slaughtered trade cattle in Maiduguri, Nigeria
August 2016
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of haemoparasites and some haematological parameters of slaughtered trade cattle in Maiduguri abattoir. A total of 120 blood samples were randomly collected from cattle between January and July, 2014. The samples were screened for haemoparasites by examining Giemsa stained thin blood films. Microhaematocrit centrifugation technique was used for determination of packed...
Risk factors, prevention and control strategies for surgical site infections in veterinary practice in Nigeria - A review
August 2016
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are surgery associated nosocomial infections with multifactorial etiologies. They are adverse events that have placed heavy burden on surgery universally and have bedeviled veterinary surgery practice in Nigeria for decades, with consequent severe morbidity, mortality, financial and psychological burden on animal owners. In this paper, information on current universal trend of SSIs,...
Prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and its vector apparent density in Chora District of Illuababora Western Oromia, Ethiopia
July 2016
Bovine trypanosomosis is transmitted by tsetse and other biting flies which cause the most serious veterinary and animal production problem in sub-Saharan Africa. Cross sectional study was conducted from September to December, 2013 in Chora district, Western Oromia to assess the prevalence of trypanosomosis and apparent density of its vector. The methods employed during the study were deploying trap for the collection...
Major causes and abnormalities of organ condemnation and financial loss in cattle slaughtered at Dessie municipal abattior North Eastern Ethiopia
July 2016
A cross sectional active and retrospective abattoir survey was undertaken from November 2013 to April 2014, on cattle slaughtered at Dessie municipal abattoir with the aim of identifying the major causes of organ condemnation, risk factors for organ condemnation and estimating the financial loss attributed to the condemned organs in cattle slaughtered at Dessie municipal abattoir, North-East part of Ethiopia. Of the...
An assessment of veterinary diagnostic services needs in Uganda
July 2016
The government of Uganda has experienced continued fiscal challenges from late 1980s to date. Consequently, the provision of veterinary services was liberalized and decentralized. This exposed veterinary service provision to many actors without adequate regulation and supervision. With the resurgence of infectious diseases, increased economic and health risks especially to the rural poor, there is the need to understand...
Cross-sectional survey of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in the sultanate of Oman
June 2016
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne hemorrhagic disease caused primarily by a zoonotic virus. The disease may cause a fatal hemorrhagic illness in human; however, CCHF is asymptomatic in infected animals. After the recent reports of CCHF in Oman, a cross-sectional survey was conducted during 2013 to 2014 to study the prevalence in livestock and ticks in order to assess the potential risk of emergence....
Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with bovine leukemia virus in Colombia
May 2016
An epidemiological study was conducted to establish the prevalence of the Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) in Colombia and to describe risk and protecting factors associated with this infection disease. The study was performed with an observational descriptive cross-sectional process in twelve Colombian regions, by collecting blood samples from 8150 bovines in 390 cattle farms between February and September 2014. The...
Isolation and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of Salmonella species from raw beef and quail eggs from farms and retail outlets in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
April 2016
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Salmonella species from raw beef obtained from markets and Japanese quail eggs from farms and retail outlets in Jos and environs, Nigeria, using colony morphology and biochemical tests. Of the 100 raw beef samples examined, 11 were contaminated with Salmonella given a prevalence of 11.0%. Salmonella was isolated from 3 out of...
Tick burden and acquisition of immunity to Theileria parva by Tarime cattle in comparison to Sukuma cattle under different tick control regimes in the Lake Zone of Tanzania
March 2016
This study was conducted to determine tick burden and immunological parameters of resistance to East Coast fever (ECF) in Tarime and Sukuma cattle. Tick load, packed cell volume (PCV), Theileria parva (T. parva) specific antibody percent positivity (PP), and prevalence of T. parva parasites were studied in relation to dipping regime, strains, and season. A total of 50 experimental cattle were included in this...
Sero-prevalence of camel brucellosis in three abbatoirs of Nothern Nigeria
March 2016
A sero prevalence study of camel brucellosis was carried out in three abattoirs of Northern Nigeria during the period of October to December, 2013. A total of three hundred and eleven (311) serum samples were collected from Kano, Sokoto and Maiduguri municipal abattoirs. The serum samples were screened using the Rose Bengal plate test with positive samples further tested with the lateral flow immmnoaassay. Out of 180...
Detection of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus in cattle presented for slaughter at Sokoto metropolitan abattoir, Nigeria
February 2016
A seroprevalence study was carried out on serum samples obtained from blood of cattle slaughtered at Sokoto metropolitan abattoir, Sokoto, Nigeria. Systematic random sampling was used to select the animals. Serum samples of 372 cattle of different sexes and breeds were analyzed using ID Screen® BVD p80 Antibody Competition ELISA Test kit for the presence of bovine viral diarrhea antibodies. Two hundred and forty...
Isolation, identification and drug resistance patterns of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus from mastitic cow’s milk from selected dairy farms in and around Kombolcha, Ethiopia
January 2016
A cross sectional study was conducted between January and May 2015 in and around Kombolcha town, Eastern Amhara, to identify methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and their resistance to antimicrobials and also to identify risk factors associated with the occurrence of dairy cow mastitis. A total of 150 dairy cows were included during the study period. A total of 600 quarters were examined to detect clinical and...
Effects of varying doses of tramadol on ketamine anaesthesia for laparocaecectomy in layer chickens
December 2015
The effects of a high ketamine dose (15 mg/kg) and a low ketamine dose (10 mg/kg) combined with two separate doses of tramadol (10 and 5 mg/kg) were studied in chickens. Seventeen layer chickens (Isa brown breed) presented for laparo-cecectomy associated with feed trials were randomized into Ketamine-Lignocaine (KL) group (15 mg/kg ketamine)- 5 chickens, Tramadol-Ketamine-Lignocaine (TKL) group (10 mg ketamine plus 5...
Assessment of fecal parasitism for decision making in continued deworming of slum stray dogs in Nairobi areas of Kenya
November 2015
The objective of this study was to establish the density of infestation of slum dogs with gastrointestinal helminths in locations where vaccination and deworming campaigns had been carried out for a period of 3 years. A total of 150 dogs were randomly sampled from a total of 300 animals that were attended to in a rabies control campaign in Nairobi slum areas between the months of July and September, 2011. Eggs per gram...
A Bayesian approach for inductive reasoning to clinical veterinary medicine: The math of experience
October 2015
A Bayesian approach (BA) is well-used in veterinary medicine as it has been used for inductive reasoning regarding interventions, treatments and diagnoses. The objectives of the current article were (1) to examine the state of BA used for inductive reasoning in veterinary medical problems and (2) to illustrate how veterinarians update states of knowledge (prior clinical experience) to a new state of knowledge (posterior...
Prevalence and associated risk factors for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in dairy cattle in Mexico
October 2015
The purpose of this study is to determine the seroprevalence and the associated risk factors to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. A total of 4,487 serum samples were collected from cattle in 173 farms from different parts of Mexico. Information about potential risk factors and spatial location of the farms was obtained through a questionnaire to farm´ owners and by global positioning system (GPS)...
Bayesian estimation to test accuracy for influenza A infection via respiratory clinical signs in the absence of a gold standard
October 2015
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection in pigs is a concern to producers, veterinarians and the general public. This study presents models to estimate the sensitivities (Se) and specificities (Sp) of respiratory clinical signs (RCS), and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR) resulted from oral fluid (OF) and nasal swab (NS) samples in the absence of a gold standard. In addition, the models...
Awareness, knowledge and practices of pastoralists towards contagious bovine pleuro pneumonia in Kaduna State, Nigeria
September 2015
This study was conducted to determine the awareness, knowledge and practices of pastoralists on contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in cattle in 3 selected Local Government Areas (LGAs) (Ikara, Chikun and Kauru) of Kaduna State. A cattle population of a minimum of 20 heads was considered as a herd in this study and a total of 90 open and close ended structured questionnaires were designed and administered to all...
The effects of different growth promoters on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens
August 2015
This research was conducted to study the efficacy of different growth promoter’s on the productive performance and carcass yield of broiler chickens. 840 male ROSS and 308 hybrid chickens were used according to completely randomize the design in six treatments and one control (Five growth promoters and control). Thus, there were six groups of chickens: group 1; control diet (without any promoter’s), group 2;...
Recovery times for dogs undergoing thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy with fenestration and physical rehabilitation: A review of 113 cases
August 2015
This study aimed to determine if physical rehabilitation, in the form of neuromuscular electrical stimulation, hospital/home exercises, and/or underwater treadmill therapy, improved recovery times for dogs undergoing thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy and fenestration for Type I intervertebral disc disease. The initial recovery time was established as time from surgery to 3 unassisted steps to fall. A modified Frankel score...
Resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporin of Escherichia coli isolated from the feces of healthy broilers chickens in Algeria
August 2015
High resistance of Escherichia coli have been demonstrated to 3rd generation cephalosporin in livestock, especially in broiler chickens; however, data on emission sources of these bacteria into Algeria are still rare. From January to March 2014, a preliminary epidemiological study of E. coli contamination in healthy broiler chicken flocks was carried out in the regions of Tlemcen, Algeria. 21 E. coli resistant isolates...
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