Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of combined Newcastle disease, fowl pox and fowl typhoid vaccine under laboratory condition
February 2018
An experimental study was conducted on day-old chicks to evaluate the safety and efficacy of combined Newcastle diseases (ND), fowl pox (FP) and fowl typhoid (FT) vaccine. The vaccine was prepared using the Lasota strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the FP strain of fowl pox virus (FPV) and the 9R strain of FT. The vaccine was found safe, as no clinical signs or mortalities were observed. Post vaccination...
Telediagnosis: Parasitological experiences in wild ruminants of South African preserves
February 2018
A survey on wild ruminants’ health status of any South African preserves was attempted, assessing body condition score (BCS) through tele-diagnosis. The wildlife BCS was linked to the presence of gastrointestinal parasites that should be recognized, counted and statistically evaluated. For this purpose, we examined 103 faecal samples of wild ruminants from 6 South African preserves. For practical reasons, the...
Clinico-pathological study of broiler chickens experimentally infected with Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from red-headed rock agamas (Agama agama) co-habiting with poultry in Oyo State, Nigeria
January 2018
Pathogenicity studies were conducted using two bacteria (Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) that were previously recovered from oral and cloacal swabs of red-headed rock agamas (Agama agama) living in poultry farms at Oyo State, Nigeria. Both bacteria were inoculated in two experiments having 60 broilers each. In each experiment, three groups of 15 broilers were given separately graded doses of P. mirabilis...
Prevalence of tick-borne haemoparasitic diseases (TBHDS) and haematological changes in sheep and goats in Maiduguri abattoir
January 2018
A preliminary survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of some tick-borne haemoparasitic diseases (TBHDs) and their effects on the haematological parameters of sheep and goats in Maiduguri abattoir. A total of 200 blood samples were collected from sheep (n = 100) and goats (n = 100) from November 2015 to May 2016. Giemsa stained blood smears were prepared and examined under light microscope, to screen for...
A study on sero prevalence of foot and mouth diseases in West and South West Shoa zones of Oromia regional state, central Ethiopia
January 2018
Cross-sectional study was conducted from December, 2008 to April, 2009 to determine the sero prevalence of foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus in West and South West Shoa zones of Oromia regional state, central Ethiopia. The samples were processed with the 3 ABC ELISA kits that can able to identify natural infected animal from vaccinated animals. From the total sera of 421 tested, the overall sero prevalence of FMD in...
Prevalence, financial impact and public health significance of Cysticercus bovis at Bahir Dar Municipal Abattoir, Ethiopia
January 2018
A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017 to determine the prevalence of cysticercosis, asses the associated risk factors and public health importance of human taniasis at Bahir Dar municipal abattoir, Bahir Dar town. Active abattoir survey from local zebu cattle presented to Bahir Dar abattoir and questionnaire surveys data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Out of 480 inspected...
Review of common causes of abortion in dairy cattle in Ethiopia
January 2018
Abortion in dairy cattle may be caused by infectious and non-infectious agents. Infectious causes of abortion in dairy cattle include brucellosis, leptospirosis, listeriosis, Q fever, bovine viral diarrhea, mycotic abortion and neosporosis. Non-infectious causes of abortion in dairy cattle are genetic and non-genetic disorder. Risk factors associated with abortion in dairy cattle are genetic, environmental, management,...
Effect of Securidaca longepedunculata root-bark methanol extract on testicular morphometry of New Zealand rabbits
December 2017
The aim of this work was to determine the effect of the root-bark extract of Securidaca longepedunculata in the improvement of fertility in buck rabbits as envisioned by morphometric indices of the testes. Testicular morphometry of New Zealand rabbits was studied following treatment with different doses of the extract. The extract was administered per os in three doses of 0, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight to three...
Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in dry season on dairy cattle at Holeta Agricultural Research Center Dairy Farm, Ethiopia
December 2017
A cross sectional study was carried out in Holeta Agricultural Research Center Dairy Farm, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia to determine the status of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites on dairy cattle, reveal the level of severity of GI parasites on the basis of mean egg per gram of faces (epg) count through McMaster technique and identify the different gastrointestinal parasites dominated by flotation and sedimentation...
Tick resistance of two breeds of cattle in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia
December 2017
The objective of this study was to evaluate total tick burden and resistance differences of local indigenous breeds and Holstein-crosses (50%). Longitudinal study method was employed to assess the mean monthly half-body regions of total tick burdens. The mean monthly half body regions of total tick count on local indigenous cattle and Holstein-crosses (50%) were 75.2 and 201.7, respectively. The monthly mean half-body...
Clinical survey on major ruminant diseases in Kola Tembein and Tanqua Abergelle Districts, Central Zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
December 2017
Diseases are the major detriment in ruminant production and productivity in the study districts. A cross sectional study was conducted to assess the major animal health constraints of ruminants. 461 species of sick ruminants were examined and diagnosed tentatively. Similarly, samples were collected and identified in the laboratory for confirmation of the cases. Of the clinically identified ruminant diseases, sheep and...
Nigerian Veterinarians’attitude and response to small animal pain management
December 2017
Nigerian veterinarians’ attitude and responses to pain management predominantly in small animals were evaluated using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaires were administered to representatives of seventy small/large animal clinics and hospitals distributed across ten states of the country. The respondents possess the Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) (58.6%), Master of Veterinary Science MVSc (32.9%)...
Growth performance, feed conversion efficiency and blood characteristics of growing pigs fed on different levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal
November 2017
To determine the effects of inclusion, at different levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) in growing pig diets on pig’s daily feed intakes (DFI), growth performance, feed conversion efficiency (FCE), haematology and plasma lipid indices, a total 24 pigs aged 2.5 months old were selected and assigned to 4 treatment diets (T) containing: 0% (T1), 3% (T2), 6% (T3) and 12% (T4) MOLM concentrations, each with 2...
Sero-prevalence and associated risk factors for Brucella sero-positivity among small ruminants in Tselemti districts, Northern Ethiopia
November 2017
A cross sectional study design was employed with the aim to determine sero-prevalence of brucellosis among sheep and goats and identify factors associated with sero-positivity to Brucella. A total of 558 sera were collected randomly and aseptically from small ruminants from November, 2015 till October, 2016 in Tselemti district, Northern Ethiopia, following proper restraining. All the sera were primarily screened for...
Anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of goats in southern Mozambique
November 2017
Small ruminant production is significantly constrained by gastrointestinal parasites once they cause serious production and economic losses for both small-scale and large-scale farmers in the developing world. The control of helminth parasites is most exclusively based on the use of anthelmintics for the economic production of ruminants. However, the resistance of nematodes to the commonly used groups of anthelmintics...
Health and welfare status of donkeys in and around Hawassa Town, Southern Ethiopia
November 2017
A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017 with the objective of assessing the welfare situation and identifying major health problem of donkeys in association with risk factors identification using physical examination and questionnaire survey in and around Hawassa town, Southern Ethiopia. Three hundred and eighty four donkeys were physically examined for health related and management...
Effect of a low dose of BCG-Phipps vaccine on the development of reactivity to tuberculin skin test in neonatal calves and adult cows
November 2017
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) has a direct impact in the productive and reproductive efficiency of dairy cattle. Nowadays, disease control programs based on tuberculin testing and removal of infected cattle are unaffordable for the developing countries, since there is no program of financial compensation, especially in high bTB-prevalence herds. Thus, control strategies based on vaccination are considered the best...
Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial isolates from the respiratory tract of sheep slaughtered at Addis Ababa Abattoirs Enterprises, Central Ethiopia
October 2017
The present study was an endeavor to isolate and identify the various bacteria localizing pneumonic lungs and the associated tracheas of sheep slaughtered at Addis Ababa Abattoirs Enterprise, Central Ethiopia, in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. A total of 60 pneumonic lungs and 60 tracheal swabs were examined bacteriologically. From all the samples collected, a total of 440 bacterial isolates (239 from the...
Serological evidence of African horse sickness virus infection of donkeys in Karamoja sub-region, North-eastern Uganda
October 2017
African horse sickness virus (AHSV) causes a non-contagious, infectious insect-borne disease of equids and it is endemic in many areas of sub-Saharan Africa but extends beyond its endemic zones to the Arabian Peninsula, Asia and Europe. The usual mode of transmission is by biting midge, a biological vector and Culicoides imicola appears to be the principal vector. Serum samples were screened from camels and donkeys for...
Detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis excretion in bovine feces, using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR)
October 2017
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) causes paratuberculosis, an infectious enteritis that affects domestic ruminants. The main source of infection for herds comes from the elimination of the bacilli through feces. The objective of this study was to determine Map excretion in bovine feces. The study included forty, one-year-old bovine, Holstein breed females, from a herd that had >25%...
Newcastle disease virus antibody in serum and feather pulp of chickens vaccinated with thermostable vaccine coated on grains and brans in Zaria, Northern Nigeria
October 2017
Thermostable Newcastle disease vaccine virus strain I2 (NDVI2) was investigated for its efficacy as foodborne vaccine using maize, sorghum and their brans as carriers. Immune response to vaccination and resistance to challenge were assessed by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. After primary and secondary vaccination at three and six weeks of age, sera and feather pulp samples were analyzed to determine the...
Performance, immunology and biochemical parameters of Moringa oleifera and/or Cichorium intybus addition to broiler chicken ration
October 2017
This study was aimed to evaluate the influence of Moringa Oleifera and/or Cichorium Intybus powder supplementation on performance, biochemical parameters, immunology and carcass quality of broiler chicks. Two hundred one-day-old chicks (Ross, 308 hybrid) were randomly allotted into four groups. Each group contained 50 chicks with five replicates. Feed was offered ad libitum to all groups. Group C were fed basal control...
Acetylcholinesterase, glucose and total protein concentration in the brain regions of West African dwarf goats fed dietary aflatoxin
September 2017
A study was carried out on the effect of varied levels of dietary aflatoxin on acetylcholinesterase, glucose and total protein concentration in the brain regions of West African Dwarf goats. 20 West African Dwarf goats of about 5-6 months old were used for the trial and they were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments containing 0 (control), 50, 100 and 150 µg aflatoxin/kg diet. The animals were housed...
A study on the sero epidemiology of African horse sickness in three woredas of Sidama Zone, Hawassa, Ethiopia
September 2017
A cross-sectional study was conducted in the three woredas of Sidama zone, Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples' Region (SNNPRS) with the aim of determining the overall prevalence of African horse sickness (AHS) in equines and the effect of putative risk factors on the prevalence of AHS. A total of 230 equines (66 donkeys, 161 horses and 3 mules) were included. Serological examination was conducted using...
Seroprevalence of chlamydial abortion and Q fever in ewes aborted in the North-West of Algeria
September 2017
Very little information is available in Algeria on Q fever and chlamydial abortion sheep, two zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydophila abortus and their main reservoirs are domestic ruminants. This study aimed at investigating the seroprevalence of these two diseases in sheep flocks from six Daïra (Telagh, Tanira, Moulay Slissen, Marhoum, Ras Elma and Merine). A serological survey was conducted...
Prevalence of bovine trypanosomiosis in Gamogoffa Zone, Ouba Debrestahay District, Southern Ethiopia
September 2017
This cross-sectional study was conducted in Ouba Debre-Tsehay District, Gamogoffa Zone, Southern Ethiopia from October 2013 to July 2014 with the objectives of estimating the prevalence of bovine trypanosomiasis and to assess the possible risk factors. Blood samples were collected from 384 randomly selected cattle from purposefully selected peasant associations with consideration of different age groups and both sexes....
Prevalence and risk factors associated to skin diseases in small ruminants in Gamo Gofa zone, south-Western Ethiopia
August 2017
A cross-sectional study was employed to estimate the prevalence of skin diseases in small ruminant and risk factors associated to its occurrence in Gamo Gofa zone from July, 2012 to April, 2014. The study areas were clustered into two agro-ecological zones; lowland and highland area. A total of nine hundred (450 sheep and 450 goats) were examined. Detailed physical examinations and systemic examinations, followed by...
Microbial safety and its public health concern of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. in beef at Dire Dawa administrative city and Haramaya University, Ethiopia
August 2017
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Dire Dawa administrative city and Haramaya University (HU) slaughterhouses and retail shops, with the aim to identify E.coli O157:H7and Salmonella, to assess the microbial safety of beef and identify potential contamination risk factors. A total of 320 samples consisting of beef samples and environmental pooled samples examined for the presence of E. coli, E. coli O157:H7and...
Composition, prevalence and abundance of Ixodid cattle ticks at Ethio-Kenyan Border, Dillo district of Borana Zone, Southern Ethiopia
August 2017
Ixodid ticks are common and a major obstacle to development and utilization of animal resource in tropical countries like Ethiopia. Ethiopia shares long international frontiers with adjacent countries, tick dynamics and influx of ticks across the border are major obstacles of tick control and management. Thus, border-oriented epidemiological surveys are of paramount importance to identify a potential port of cross...
Socio-economic characteristics of dairy production in the selected areas of Ethiopian central highlands
August 2017
A study was carried out to assess dairy production practices in eight selected areas of the Ethiopian central highlands. Overall, 320 smallholder farmers (40 from each of 8 study sites) were randomly selected for individual interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. Dairying (43%) was reported to be a major source of income for farm household. The major feed sources for dairy cattle includes grazing on natural...
Prevalence, gross pathological lesions and financial losses of bovine Fasciolosis in Arba Minch Municipal Abattoir, Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia
August 2017
A cross sectional study on bovine fasciolosis was carried out from October 2009 to April 2010 at Arba Minch Municipal abattoir with the aim of determining the prevalence and estimating financial loss. Out of the total 600 cattle examined during the study period, 203 were positive for Fasciola spp. infection with the prevalence rate of 33.83%. Fasciola gigantica was found to be the predominant Fasciola species affecting...
Bacterial pathogens of pigs with particular reference to Escherichia coli: A systematic review and meta-analysis
July 2017
Pigs are ungulate animals of the genus Suis and family Suidae. They are globally spread but restricted in certain countries due to religious and cultural beliefs. Pork serves as an important source of protein (38% of meat consumed in the world). While pig production remains a profitable enterprise, commercial and particularly the small-scale farmers face huge constraint in this husbandry practice, one of the most...
Sperm storage capacity and total protein concentration in the testes of bucks in the native tropical environment
July 2017
Comparison was made for sperm storage capacity and total protein concentration in the testes of postpubertal West African Dwarf (WAD) and Sokoto Red (SR) bucks, this was determined using 12 postpubertal bucks. The average weight of the breeds was 7.50 ± 0.35 kg for the WAD and 11.00 ± 0.71 kg for the SR bucks. All the animals were slaughtered and their testes excised. Portions of the reproductive tracts...
Semen characteristics and fertility assessment of Sennar jackass (Equus asinus) in Ethiopia
July 2017
The aim of this study was to evaluate the semen characteristics and fertility of Sennar jacks. Semen was collected between January and March using Missouri AV model and was subjected to gross and microscopic evaluation. Fertility was evaluated from pregnancy rate after AI was carried out with fresh semen on 12 Abyssinian jennies, 5 Sennar jennies and 17 local mares. Mean (±SD) total and gel-free volume; and...
Sonographic evidence of follicle development in a fixed time AI synchronization protocol involving ovatide in Bunaji cows
July 2017
An investigation was done to observe follicle development and ovulation by ultrasound in a synchronization protocol in Bunaji cows using ovatide. Cows (n=16), aged 4 to 6 years with average body condition scores of 2.5 to 3.5 and weighing between 250 and 350 kg were used. They were managed according to the routine management practice of the Diary Research Programme NAPRI. Only cycling cows at 75 days post-partum with...
Serological prevalence of Babesia caballi and Theileria equi in camels and donkeys from Karamoja sub-region, North-eastern Uganda
June 2017
Equine piroplasmosis is a severe disease of horses caused by the intra-erythrocyte protozoan, Theileria equi and Babesia caballi. T. equi and B. caballi infections were assessed in serum from camels and donkeys using competitive- enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) assay. A total 110 animals were studied including 25 donkeys and 85 camels from two districts viz. Moroto and Amudat in Karamoja sub-region,...
Study on prevalence of ovine lungworm in Guna District, Arsi Zone, South East Ethiopia
June 2017
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Guna district, Arsi zone, South East Ethiopia, from November, 2013 to March, 2014 to determine the prevalence, associated risk factors and identification of species of ovine lungworm by using coproscopic examination and questionnaire survey. A total 384 faecal samples from randomly selected sheep of different age groups, body conditions, sexes and PAs with various altitudes. The...
Prevalence and economic significance of bovine hydatidosis at Adama Municipal Abattoir, Adama, Ethiopia
June 2017
A cross sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence and economic significance of bovine hydatidosis at Adama municipal abattoir. A total of 500 cattle were examined and 191 (38.2%) of them were found infected. Also, 253 visceral organs were found harboring one or more hydatid cyst. Prevalence of lung and liver cyst accounted for 94.5% and the involvement of other organs as many as 20 cysts were recovered from...
Incidence and economic impact of fasciolosis in Wolkite town, Community Abattoir
June 2017
The study was conducted to explore the incidence and economic loss related with fasciolosis in cattle at Wolkite town, Community Abattoir, Wolkite, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from February, 2016 - May, 2016 on bovine fasciolosis in Wolkite town, Community Abattoir. From a total of 392 cattle inspected coprologically 41.8% (164) were found positive for fasciolosis. The occurrence of cattle...
Observations of oxytetracycline treatment effects in a contagious bovine pleuropneumonia naturally infected herd in Zambia
June 2017
An observational study on the effects of oxytetracycline treatment on contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in a naturally infected herd of 500 cattle was conducted. A total of 68 cattle that showed pneumonia-like clinical signs were treated. Treatment was effected the moment an animal showed signs of illness. A total of 429 cattle were slaughtered after diagnosis of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia and at slaughter, 40.8%...
Prevalence and the associated risk factors of bovine trypanosomiasis in nyangatom pastoral woreda, Southern Nation and Nationalities People Region (SNNPR), Ethiopia
June 2017
A cross-sectional study was carried out in Nyangatom wereda of South Omo zone, Southern Nation and Nationalities People Region (SNNPR), Ethiopia with the general objectives to find out the prevalence of bovine trypanosomiasis and the risk factors associated with its prevalence from January to June 2015. To identify the protozoa blood samples (n =384) collected from the marginal ear vein of indigenous zebu cattle of more...
Prevalence of bovine brucellosis, tuberculosis and dermatophilosis among cattle from Benin’s main dairy basins
May 2017
In order to determine the prevalence of bovine brucellosis, tuberculosis and dermatophilosis, a study was carried out in main dairy areas of Benin from April to September 2015. For brucellosis, 780 sera and 78 milk samples were analyzed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). For tuberculosis, 780 cattle underwent a comparative intradermal tuberculin test and 78 milk samples were used for...
Bovine dermatophytosis in Holeta agricultural research center, Ethiopia
May 2017
A cross sectional study was conducted at Holeta agricultural research center to determine the prevalence of dermatophytosis. The overall prevalence of dermatophytosis in a total of 384 animals was 167 (43.49%), as determined by using direct microscopic examination and culture isolation. There was difference in dermatophytosis infection rates among the cattle breeds examined, the highest being 86.49% in 25% Boran (BO) X...
Gastrointestinal nematodes of donkeys and horses in Gondar town northwest, Ethiopia
May 2017
A study on the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes of equines was conducted from November 2011 to April 2012 in Gondar town to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors. A total of 103 horses and 281 donkeys were examined coprologicaly for the presence of GI nematode eggs using flotation techniques. Coprological result indicated horses and donkey harbor one or more nematodes infection in the total...
Gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants in Guto Gida District, East Wolloega, Ethiopia
May 2017
A study by qualitative fecal examination of 384 fecal samples (201 sheep and 183 goats) was conducted from November 2011 to April 2012 with the objective to determine the major gastrointestinal (GIT) nematodes of small ruminants and their prevalence in sheep and goats in Guto Gida District. The study showed that 186 (92.5%) sheep and 150 (81.97%) goats were found to harbor eggs of GIT nematodes. Both sheep and goats...
Tsetse density and bovine trypanosomosis in selected sites of Konta, Ethiopia
May 2017
A cross-sectional study was conducted in selected sites of Southern Nation, Nationalities and People Regional State (SNNPRS) of Konta, Ethiopia. The purposes of study were to determine the apparent density of tsetse flies and prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis. Ngu traps for entomological survey were deployed at grazing and watering points of animals in the village of Dolba (Kerara Peasants Association, PAS) and near...
A cross-sectional study on bovine Schistosomiasis in and around Kemissie,Dawa Cheffa District
April 2017
A cross sectional study was conducted in and around Kemissie, Dawa Cheffa District to estimate the prevalence and identify possible risk factors for the disease in the study area. Animal identification based on age, sex, breed and body condition score and management system of the study animals were taken into account followed by coprological examination for the presence of the developmental stages of parasites or...
Prevalence and associated risk factors of equine wound in and around Asella town, South Eastern Ethiopia
April 2017
Equines are essential in the farming and transport systems of many areas of developing countries including Ethiopia. However, their socioeconomic importance is often under recognized and they suffer from poor husbandry practices which threaten their welfare and health. Wound is main problem emanated from such practice that results in deviation of their health and welfare. Cross-sectional study was conducted from...
Public health risk and transmission route of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS): MERS coronavirus in dromedary camel
March 2017
Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus (MERS-CoV) is a novel enzootic beta origin corona virus which was described in September 2012 for the first time. According to the reports of different researchers, the prevalence of MERS-CoV antibodies, during serological examination, is very high in dromedary camels of Eastern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. However, the infection in camel is mostly asymptomatic. In...
Epidemiological investigation of Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus (mers-cov) among dromedary camels in selected areas of Afar and Oromia region, Ethiopia
March 2017
A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2014 and May 2015, to determine the sero-prevalence, assess the presence of active cases through isolation and identify possible risk factors for the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus (MERS-CoV) in camels, in selected areas of Oromia and Afar regional states of Ethiopia. A total of 569 dromedary camel sera were collected and screened with two serological...
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