Study on coprological prevalence of bovine fasciolosis in and around Woreta, Northwestern Ethiopia
October 2012
A cross-sectional study was conducted from November, 2009 to March, 2010 to determine the prevalence of bovine fasciolosis in and around Woreta, Northwestern Ethiopia. A total of 384 fecal samples were examined and 159 (41.41%) were found to be positive for fasciolosis. Sex, age, peasant associations and breed were taken into consideration where 40 and 42.25% prevalence were recorded for young and adult animals,...
Seroprevalence of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in Dire Dawa provisional administrative council, Eastern Ethiopia
October 2012
A cross-sectional study was conducted in and around Dire Dawa Provisional Administrative Council (DDPAC) from November, 2011 to March, 2012 to determine the seroprevalence of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) and to assess risk factors associated with seropositivity. In this study, 244 sera were collected from goats and subjected to complement fixation test. Out of the total sera tested, 12 (4.92%) were positive...
Cystic hydatidosis in Ethiopia: A review
September 2012
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a cestode infection caused by the larval stage ofEchinocococcus granulosus. It is an important zoonoses, as humans get infected by ingesting eggs passed in the feces of dogs, and important cause of economic loss mainly due to organ condemnation and reducing the quality of meat, milk and wool production. Hydatidosis is prevalent in cattle and small ruminant population of Ethiopia in a range...
Prevalence of cattle tick infestation in and around Haramaya district, Eastern Ethiopia
September 2012
We conducted a survey to determine the prevalence of hard ticks, their predilection sites and relation to breed, sex, and age group of animals. Cattle coming to clinic from different localities found in Haramaya district were selected by systematic random sampling technique and then examined for tick infestation. A total of 560 animals were examined of which 186 (33.21%) were found infested with one or more ticks....
Economical and managerial analysis of effective managerial strategies for the prevention of milk fever in transition period in commercial dairy farms
August 2012
The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of managerial strategies for the prevention of milk fever in transition period in Shahroud commercial dairy farms. For this purpose, all required information were collected by preparing a questionnaire. Relevant questions about applying managerial strategies for the prevention of milk fever in transition period were inserted in first part. These strategies...
Ticks and mange mites infesting camels of Boran pastoral areas and the associated risk factors, southern Ethiopia
August 2012
A cross-sectional study was conducted on selected camel herds of Borana lowland, southern Ethiopia. From a total of 560 camels examined, 97.7 and 25.9% were found infested with ticks of various species and Sarcoptes species. A total of 4636 adult tick species were collected from half-body regions of selected camels. The tick species identified and their relative abundance were as follows: Rhipicephalus...
A survey on helminth parasites of dogs in Benin city, Edo State, Nigeria
May 2012
Dogs are the most common pet animals worldwide. A study of the gastrointestinal helminth parasites of dogs (Canis familiaris) in three veterinary clinics in Benin City, Nigeria, was conducted between June and December 2010. Faecal samples collected from 150 dogs were processed by floatation and direct faecal smear methods, and then examined for helminth eggs. Coprological examination revealed that 28.0% of the dogs...
Seroprevalence of small ruminant brucellosis and its public health awareness in selected sites of Dire Dawa region, Eastern Ethiopia
May 2012
Between November 2010 and April 2011, a serological study was conducted on small ruminants to determine the prevalence of brucellosis and factors affecting its frequency in these animals. Out of 384 sheep and goats sera tested using Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and complement fixation test (CFT), 36 (9.38%) reacted positively using RBPT. Of these reactant sera, 35 also tested positive using CFT, giving an overall...
Posterior paresis in pregnant gilts experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei
April 2012
The effect of Trypanosoma brucei infection on reproductive efficiency in gilts (n=12) was conducted. The gilts were bought as piglets aged eight weeks from piggeries in Samaru village in Zaria, Nigeria. On attaining puberty, the gilts were divided into experimental and control groups, each group containing six animals. All the gilts were subsequently bred by fertile boars and they were confirmed pregnant. The...
Prevalence study of bovine trypanosomosis and tsetse density in selected villages of Arbaminch, Ethiopia
April 2012
A cross-sectional study was carried out with aimed at determining the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and apparent tsetse density in two selected villages of Arba Minch Woreda, from November, 2009 to April, 2010. Blood samples were collected from 384 randomly selected cattle to detect the prevalence of trypanosomes using buffy coat method. The overall infection rate 4.43% (N=17) was recorded. The cattle are...
Prevalence and financial loss estimation of hydatidosis of cattle slaughtered at Addis Ababa abattoirs enterprise
April 2012
The study was undertaken from November, 2009 to April, 2010, at Addis Ababa Abattoir Enterprise with the aim of determining the prevalence of bovine hydatidosis and to have realistic estimate of the financial loss attributed to organ condemnation as a result of hydatidosis disease. Of the 484 examined animals, 196 (40.5%) harbored hydatid cysts. Observation during the survey period also revealed that the infection rate...
Helminthosis of sheep and goats in and around Haramaya, Southeastern Ethiopia
April 2012
A cross-sectional study was carried out in sheep and goats kept under extensive management system in and around Haramaya, Southeastern Ethiopia, during the period from July 2010 to June 2011 with the aim of determining the prevalence, and the status of gastrointestinal (GIT) helminthosis and the risk factors associated with it. For this purpose 768 fecal samples were collected from 384 sheep and 384 goats....
A prevalence study of internal parasites infecting Boer goats at Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia
March 2012
This study determined the prevalence and intensity of internal parasites infecting pure- and cross-bred Boer goats, and to determine the risk factors associated with the parasites at Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia. The study covered five months from November 2009 to March 2010. During this period, faecal samples from 192 goats (104 pure Boer goats and 88 cross-bred goats) were examined using several...
Studies on farmer awareness on caprine abortion and the presence of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis in selected flocks in an arid zone of Nigeria
March 2012
A survey was conducted to evaluate farmer’s awareness on caprine abortion and the occurrence of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis in flocks in the arid zone of Nigeria. The survey revealed that 80% of the flocks studied had a mean kidding rate of 3 per 2 years, while 19% had a rate of 1 per year. The result also showed that 47% of the farmers use deep burial, 11% discards aborted...
Population dynamics of cattle ectoparasites in Western Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia
March 2012
Skin diseases are one of the major causes of considerable economic loss from defective skin and hide export. Skin diseases caused by lice, ticks and mange mites, are among the major diseases of cattle causing serious economic loss to the farmer, the tanning industry and the country as a whole. The study was carried out from November 2009 to June 2010 to determine ectoparasites infestations and diversity in Awi zone,...
Identification of tick species and their preferred site on cattle’s body in and around Mizan Teferi, Southwestern Ethiopia
February 2012
A cross-sectional study was conducted to identify tick species and their preferred sites on cattle’s body in and around Mizan Teferi, Southwestern Ethiopia. Three hundred seventy five cows were brought to Mizan Teferi Gacheb veterinary clinic during the study period from areas where mixed crop-livestock farming is the dominant production system. Out the total number of the animals brought to clinic, 272 animals...
Prevalence, gross pathological lesions and economic losses of bovine fasciolosis at Jimma Municipal Abattoir, Ethiopia
February 2012
This study reports the prevalence of fasciolosis in slaughtered cattle at abattoirs of Ethiopia. A total of 761 cattle were randomly sampled and examined after slaughter of which 407 (53.48%) were positive for fasiolosis. Depending on the degree of pathological lesions, 110 (27.03%), 220 (54.05%), and 77 (18.92%), were lightly, moderately and severely affected respectively. There was a...
Serological and molecular study of Newcastle disease virus circulating in village chickens of Fars province, Iran
December 2011
The epidemiology of circulating Newcastle disease virus in village chickens, using hemagglutination inhibition, RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR was conducted by using systematic random sampling design for collection of samples. Total 1050 sera samples and 1820 tracheal and cloacal swabs were tested from chickens in 21 villages in Fars province, Iran. Samples were collected in January and February 2010. Hemagglutination...
Potentials of essential oils and plant extracts as bio-antimicrobials on Gram-negative indicator bacterial pathogens of poultry origin
December 2011
Increasing antibiotic resistance of veterinary importance is of global health significance and concerns, due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria originating from animals; therefore, easily obtainable and cheap alternatives to antibiotic use in prophylaxis and also as growth promoters are imperative. Antibiotic resistance of 73 and 51 gram-negative, indicator bacterial strains isolated from 68 crop and 51 gizzard contents...
Morphological studies of the appendicular skeleton of the African giant pouched rat (Cricetomys gambianus) Part (i) pectoral limb
November 2011
The pectoral limb of the African giant rat (Cricetomys gambianus) was studied using 12 adult rats of both sexes. Characteristics of the bones were studied by gross observation after preparation. Measurements of manus and pectoral limb (articulated) were also taken. The bones of the pectoral limb were found to be generally similar in both structure and number to other rodent species. Variation came only in the size of...
Morphological studies of the appendicular skeleton of the African giant pouched rat (Cricetomysgambianus) part (ii) pelvic limb
November 2011
The pelvic limb of the African giant pouched rat (Cricetomysgambianus) was studied using 12 adult rats of both sexes. Characteristics of the bones were studied by gross observation after preparation. Measurement of different segments of the Pelvic limb (articulated) was also taken. The bones of the pelvic limb were found to be generally similar in both structure and number to other rodent species that has been studied....
Influence of pregnancy and lactation on the parasitological and clinico-pathological responses of out-bred albino mice to Heligmosomoides bakeri infection administered at different trimesters of pregnancy
November 2011
Influence of pregnancy and lactation on the parasitological and some clinico-pathological responses of out-bred albino mice to single doses of Heligmosomoides bakeri (H.b) were studied. Fifty six pregnant and ten non-pregnant mice were used for the study. The pregnant mice were either infected in the first, second or third trimester depending on the experimental group and were either allowed to suckle or not following...
Management of surgical wounds using crude neem oil in one year old ram: A successful report
October 2011
Wound healing effect of crude neem (Azadirachta indica Juss) oil, processed locally from the seed kernel was assessed on septic surgical wound in a one year old Uda ram. A wound approximately 7 cm in diameter created as a result of surgical drainage of abscess on the left caudal part of the elbow joint was flushed with the crude neem oil. A single application of the crude neem oil to the sutured wound resulted in a...
Use of formalin and modified gravity-feed embalming technique in veterinary anatomy dissection and practicals
October 2011
Gravity feed embalming technique was used to preserve cadavers for teaching of gross anatomy and practicals. Six white Fulani cattle were used. The gravity feed technique was employed to embalm through the right common carotid artery. The right external jugular vein was used to drain blood from the vascular system concurrently. Complete embalming was achieved in about 10 h using an embalming fluid constituted of a...
On-farm diagnosis of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in nomadic herds using latex agglutination test (LAT)
September 2011
Three outbreaks of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in Kafur Local Government Area of Katsina State, involving a total of 250 animals were reported. All the animals were examined thoroughly and based on the clinical signs exhibited, 120 (group A, n= 51, B, n=29 and C, n=40) animals were selected for latex agglutination test (LAT), using serum from each of the animal. The results indicate infection rates of 11.8%...
A study on the prevalence, distribution and economic importance of Cysticercus tenuicollis in visceral organs of small ruminants slaughtered at an abattoir in Ethiopia
September 2011
This study reports on detection and prevalence of Cysticercus tenuicollis in slaughtered sheep and goats at abattoirs of Ethiopia. A total of 1152 sheep and goats (576 sheep and 576 goats) were randomly sampled and examined postmortem after slaughter for presence of C. tenuicollis in the visceral organs of the animals using standard meat inspection procedures. Out of 1152 animals examined 127 livers...
Hepatoprotective activity of Solanum nigrum extracts on chemically induced liver damage in rats
August 2011
The hepatoprotective effects of Solanum nigrum water and methanolic extracts were studied in rats injected with 0.2 ml/kg carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 10 consecutive days. S. nigrum water extract (250 to 500 mg/kg) was administered to rats injected with CCl4 for 10 days. The water extracts showed a hepatoprotective effect against CCl4-induced liver damage, which was evident by the decrease in...
Therapeutic effects of Tephrosia vogelii ointment in the treatment of bovine dermatophilosis
August 2011
The therapeutic effect of a cream ointment prepared from the leaves of Tephrosia vogelii Hook F., was tested for the treatment of bovine dermatophilosis in four local cows of the Sokoto Gudali breed and two 50% Holstein Friesian crosses in Jos, Plateau State Nigeria. All the selected animals used in this study were naturally infected by the Dermatophilus congolensis organism. The selected animals all...
Serologic detection of Avian influenza H5 antibodies using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
August 2011
A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for Avian influenza (AI) H5 specific antibody detection was previously developed. In this study, additional serum samples from infected and vaccinated birds were tested and the results were compared to other serological tests. Using the samples from experimentally infected chickens, the H5 cELISA was shown to be comparable to other serological assays. Using...
Bovine colostrum: A veterinary nutraceutical
July 2011
A total of 116 adult frogs were captured from Moniya area of Ibadan and University of Ibadan Fish Farm, Oyo State of Nigeria between 31st March and 8th June 2009 and investigated for blood parasites by microscopic examination of stained blood films. Some haematological parameters were estimated. The mean packed cell volume, haemoglobin, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelet count, mean cell volume, mean cell...
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in farm animals (camels, cattle, and sheep) in Sudan
July 2011
Infection with Toxoplasma gondii in human was increased in last years in Sudan particularly, in pregnant women. The infection may lead to devastating consequences to newborns therefore, the present study, designed to study the role of domestic animals in transmission of the disease to human. Serum samples from 200 cattle, sheep, and lactating camels from Khartoum State, Sudan were researched for T....
The effects of diabetes mellitus on the pathogenicity of trypanosomosis in rats
July 2011
Alloxan monohydrate was used to induce diabetes in rats, and then followed post infection with Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma brucei to determine the impact of diabetes on the course of trypanosome infection. Significant (P<0.05) hyperglycaemia occurred in the alloxan treated rats starting on day seven to the end of the experiment. Trypanosome infection did not affect the glycaemic status...
Haematology and prevalence of blood parasites of the common frog (Rana temporaria) in the tropical environment
June 2011
A total of 116 adult frogs were captured from Moniya area of Ibadan and University of Ibadan fish farm, Oyo State of Nigeria between 31st March and 8th June 2009 and investigated for blood parasites by microscopic examination of stained blood films. Some haematological parameters were estimated. The mean packed cell volume, haemoglobin, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelet count, mean cell volume, mean cell...
A cross-sectional study of equine trypanosomosis and its vectors in Wolayta zone, Southern Ethiopia
June 2011
A study was conducted between October 2008 and April 2009 in Humbo, Kindo Koysha and Sodo Zuria districts (southern Ethiopia) to investigate the infection by trypanosomes in equines and the fly vectors present in these areas. A total of 214 donkeys, 20 horses and 60 mules were examined by a dark ground/phase contrast buffy coat technique and microscopy of blood smears. Trypanosomes were observed in 10.7% of the donkeys...
Parsing demographic effects of canine parvovirus on a Minnesota wolf population
June 2011
We examined 35 years of relationships among wolf (Canis lupus) pup survival, population change and canine parvovirus (CPV) seroprevalence in Northeastern Minnesota to determine when CPV exerted its strongest effects. Using correlation analysis of data from five periods of 7-years each from 1973 through 2007, we learned that the strongest effect of CPV on pup survival (r = -0.73) and on wolf population change (r = -0.92)...
Detection of serum antibodies to parainfluenza type 3 virus, respiratory syncytial virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and herpes virus type 1 in sheep in the Region of Botucatu, São Paulo - Brazil
January 2011
Occurrence of various livestock diseases particularly foot and mouth disease, infectious bursal disease, contagiuos bovine pleuro pneumonia, babesiosis and trypanosomosis were established among the Fulani community of Barkin Ladi Local Government Area, Plateau State. For this study, different techniques of participatory rural appraisal such as open-ended interview, probing, triangulation, transect and proportional...
Occurrence of nematodiasis in Holstein Friesian dairy breed
January 2011
Study was conducted from October 2008 to April 2009 to assess the prevalence of nematodes in Haramaya University dairy farm, Ethiopia. Coprological method (floatation, fecal culture and EPG) were used. Of 172 Holstein Friesian breed examined animals, 54% were positive with 18, 57 and 62% prevalence in calves, heifers and adult, respectively showing significant difference (P<0.05) where odds of nematode is 6 in...
Participatory rural appraisal of livestock diseases among the Fulani community of the Barkin Ladi Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria
January 2011
The effect of long-acting oxytetracycline treatment in the development of sequestra in contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP)-infected animals was determined. Thirty five clinically healthy zebu cattle, negative for CBPP antibodies (as tested by a competitive ELISA), were infected with Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoidessmall colony variant - field isolate. All the animals were...
Experimental studies on the effect of long-acting oxytetracycline treatment in the development of sequestra in contagious bovine pleuropneumonia-infected cattle
November 2010
The effect of long-acting oxytetracycline treatment in the development of sequestra in contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP)-infected animals was determined. Thirty five clinically healthy zebu cattle, negative for CBPP antibodies (as tested by a competitive ELISA), were infected with Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoidessmall colony variant - field isolate. All the animals were...
Seroepidemiological investigation of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes in cattle around Lake Mburo National Park in South-western Uganda
November 2010
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks in cattle occur annually in Uganda. In this study the authors investigated antibodies against FMD virus (FMDV) in cattle in surrounding areas of Lake Mburo National Park in South-western Uganda. Two hundred and eleven serum samples from 23 cattle herds were examined for the presence of antibodies against FMDV non-structural proteins and structural proteins using...
Comparison of serum and salivary cortisol in restrained ewe lambs after (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone) ACTH administration
November 2010
The objective of the current study was to compare cortisol concentrations in serum and salivary samples taken concurrently from halter-restrained lambs administered ACTH (100 IU, i.v.) or saline. Although cortisol appeared elevated in all animals, it tended to increase after ACTH administration in both serum (p = 0.085) and saliva (p = 0.078). Additionally, correlation (r = 0.66; p < 0.001) and regression (R2 =...
Pseudomonas infection in Chickens
November 2010
Pseudomonas aeuroginosa is a motile, gram negative, oxidase positive bacteria, grows well on MacConkey agar media. It is a rod shaped bacteria occurring singly or in short chains, microscopically, margins of the colonies are having hook like projections. The organism is a strict aerobe, also grows readily on other common bacteriological media. The bacteria usually produces a water soluble green pigment composed of...
Amelioration of heat stress induced disturbances of the antioxidant defense system in broilers
April 2010
A comparative study on antistressor and antioxidative effects of synthetic vitamin C and polyherbal feed premix supplementation in broilers was conducted during the summer months of June-July when the mean temperature-humidity index was 84.74 ± 2.51. Day old broiler chicks (n = 60) were randomly divided into three groups. Control group I was given basal diet and treatment groups (II and III) were supplemented...
Isolation and identification of Staphylococcus aureus from bovine mastitic milk and their drug resistance patterns in Adama town, Ethiopia
April 2010
A cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2008 - April 2009 to estimate the prevalence of mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus, to assess the associated risk factors and to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern in Adama town, East Shoa, Ethiopia. From 102 markets oriented small holder dairy farms, a total of 300 lactating cows were tested for mastitis using the California Mastitis Test...
Blood profiles from wild populations of green sea turtles in Taiwan
February 2010
Blood samples were obtained from twenty seven clinically healthy by-catched green turtles (Chelonia mydas). The packed cell volume (PCV) and 14 plasma biochemistry parameters were determined from these samples. The PCV values were lower in sub-adult green turtles than in the adults while the plasma AST concentration was higher in the sub-adults than in the adults. These variations may be due to the age of the...
Effects of dietary vitamin E on daily intake, serum testosterone and epididymal sperm quality in Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to heat stress
February 2010
This study examined the effects of vitamin E on daily intake, serum testosterone levels, and epididymal sperm quality in heat stressed male rats. Rats were heat stressed (HS; 35°C) or housed at room temperature (control; 24°C) for 20 days and offered one of the following dietary vitamin E concentrations: 42 (low), 242 (med-low), 2,042 (med-high), or 20,042 (high) IU/kg diet. On day 21, rats were...
Serological survey of etiological agents associated with abortion in two Algerian dairy cattle breeding farms
January 2010
In Algeria, there is a lack of information about the frequency and etiology of abortions in breeding cattle. In order to improve this situation, we sent a questionnaire to veterinary practitioners, and followed it up with a serological survey on two dairy farms (A and B) that had reported abortions. The serological survey was undertaken to detect the main abortive agents with particular emphasis on Neospora...
Situs inversus totalis in a wistar albino rat
January 2010
Situs inversus totalis is a rare congenital condition in which the major organs are reversed in relation to their normal position. A 12-weeks-old Wistar albino rat that had no clinical signs of disease was examined macroscopically. It was observed that the location of the heart, liver, spleen and stomach was the opposite of their normal position and that the aorta and caudal vena cava were in a reverse orientation to...
Comparative efficacy of doxycycline and flumequine against experimentally induced colibacillosis in broiler chicks
August 2009
This study sought to determine comparative efficacy of doxycycline and flumequine for the treatment of colibacillosis, which is an acute septicaemic disease caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli. This disease has illness coming on in the range widely, death rate is relatively high and some are up to more than 30%, have caused the enormous economic losses. The birds were infected...
Protective efficacy of commercial live vaccines against very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) in Ghana
August 2009
In spite of the intensive and varied vaccination procedures to control Infectious Bursa Disease (IBD), the emergence of a very virulent (vv) IBD pathotype in Ghana has led to high economic losses in the poultry industry. The potencies of two live intermediate IBD vaccine strains (TAD and Nobilis D78) and an intermediate-plus (hot) vaccine strain (228E) used in Ghana were evaluated by challenging Specific...
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