Rational veterinary drug use: Its significance in public health
December 2014
Veterinary drugs are used as therapeutic, prophylactic and growth promotion, and can be used in either rational or irrational way. Rational use of drugs means the sick animals receive medications appropriate to their clinical needs, in doses that meet their own individual requirements, for an adequate period of time, and at the lowest cost to them and their community. Irrational drug uses are characterized by...
An Abattoir Survey on the Prevalence and Monetary Loss of Fasciolosis Among Cattle Slaughtered at Dangila Municipal Abattoir, Ethiopia
December 2014
Bovine fasciolosis is an economically important parasitic disease of cattle in tropical and subtropical countries responsible for considerable economic losses in the cattle industry, mainly through condemnation of fluke-infected liver. A cross sectional study was conducted between October, 2013 and March, 2014 to determine the prevalence and monetary losses associated with bovine fasciolosis and comparing coprology and...
Animal health constraints in dairy goats kept under smallholder farming systems in Kongwa and Mvomero Districts, Tanzania
November 2014
This study was conducted to determine animal health constraints for dairy goats kept by small-scale farmers in Kongwa and Mvomero districts, Tanzania. A total of 129 dairy goats belonging to 108 farmers were screened for gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection, coccidiosis, haemoparasites, brucellosis and contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) over a period of 11 months. Other clinical diseases and...
Prevalence, cyst viability, organ distributions and financial losses due to hydatidosis in cattle slaughtered at Nekemte municipal abattoir, Western Ethiopia
November 2014
A cross-sectional study was conducted from October, 2013 to March, 2014 to assess the prevalence, cyst viability, organs distribution and direct financial losses of hydatidosis in cattle slaughtered at Nekemte municipal abattoir. Out of 473 inspected cattle at postmortem inspection, 82 (17.34%) were harboring a single or multiple hydatid cysts. Significantly (P < 0.05) higher infection rate was observed in...
Seroprevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants in pastoral areas of Oromia and Somali regional states, Ethiopia
November 2014
A cross-sectional study was conducted from November, 2013 to April, 2014 in pastoral areas of Oromia and Somali regional states to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants and assess associated risk factors. The multistage sampling technique was used on total population in the selected district during the study period. A total of 420 serum samples were collected from 129 sheep and 291 goats...
Effect of orally administered bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) extract on the growth performance and haematological parameters of broiler chicken
October 2014
The effect of administering graded concentration levels of Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) extract to broiler birds for growth performance and health promoter potential (haematological parameters) was evaluated. The birds were randomly distributed into six treatments with three replicates per treatment, each replicate having 10 birds. Treatment 1 is the control treatment given only water, treatment 2 were given...
Abomasal nematodes of small ruminants slaughtered in Bahir Dar Town, North West Ethiopia
October 2014
This study was conducted during November, 2013 to March, 2014 to identify the species and to determine the burden of abomasal nematodes of small ruminants slaughtered in Bahir Dar town. A total of 384 abomasa (269 sheep and 115 goats) were collected and examined according to the standard procedures. An overall prevalence of 55.7% was recorded for abomasal nematodes of sheep and goats. The host specific prevalence of...
Evaluation of safety and quality of surgical care at a Veterinary Teaching Hospital
October 2014
A retrospective review of 463 case notes of surgical procedures performed on dogs at the surgery unit of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Ibadan Nigeria between 2003 and 2013 was conducted to evaluate the level of compliance with safety and quality of care standards. Quality of patients’ records of major surgical procedures was evaluated with reference to pre-surgical evaluation protocols,...
A cross-sectional sero-survey of some infectious diseases of working equids in Central Ethiopia
September 2014
Despite the large numbers of working equids and their significant contribution towards communities as well as the national economy, the attention given to study the health and welfare problems of working equids in Ethiopia is quite minimal. The main objective of this study was to investigate the sero-prevalence of some important infectious diseases infecting working equids and asses their spatial distribution in the...
Isolation and identification of aerobic bacterial species from upper respiratory tract of cart horses in Central Ethiopia
September 2014
A cross sectional study to isolate and identify aerobic bacterial species from upper respiratory tract of horses was conducted from October, 2009 to April, 2010. Forty eight apparently healthy horses (APHH) and 56 horses with respiratory tract diseases (HRTD) brought to Society for protection of animals abroad (SPANA) clinics in Central Ethiopia were randomly selected. Swab samples were collected aseptically from...
Decreased level of serum paraoxonase (PON) activity in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)
September 2014
Serum Paraoxonase (PON1) is a high-density lipoprotein associated esterase capable of hydrolyzing numerous organophosphates and protects low-density lipoprotein against peroxidation. PON1 is believed to play a crucial role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in animals and PON1 activity has been shown to be low after myocardial infarction, liver disease and during oxidative stress. Here in this article we...
Mastitis in camels (Camelus dromedarius): Past and recent research in pastoral production system of both East Africa and Middle East
August 2014
Udder infection was considered as one of the main constraints for camel rearing. During the last decades the disease has been reported from a number of camels-rearing countries in Africa and Asia such as Egypt, Somalia, Sudan, Kenya, Saudi Arabia, Iraq and United Arab Emirate. An attempt was made in this paper in order to review the status of camel mastitis (Camelus dromedarius) research in pastoral production system of...
Postmortem incidence and trends of Newcastle disease lesions among chicken presented for diagnosis at Makerere University Central Veterinary Laboratory: A retrospective study
August 2014
In Uganda, endemic poultry diseases especially Newcastle disease (ND) presents an important limiting factor in the development of commercial poultry production and establishment of trade links. However, there was limited information about its incidence and trends. A retrospective study was conducted to determine incidence and trends of ND among chicken presented for post mortem diagnosis at Makerere University Central...
Risk management of importation of day old chicks in Khartoum State, Sudan
August 2014
The present study was carried out in Khartoum state comprising three towns namely Khartoum, Omdurman and Khartoum North and was aimed of identifing, analyzing and dealing with risks related to importation of day old chicks in order to minimize risk impact and to develop systemic approach for approving or rejecting imported day old chicks according to processes of import policy and procedures. Data was obtained from...
Confirmatory diagnosis of contagious ecthyma (Orf) by polymerase chain reaction at Adet Sheep Research Sub-Center, Ethiopia: A case report
July 2014
An outbreak of contagious ecthyma (CE) was investigated in June, 2012 with morbidity rate of 22% in Adet Sheep Research Sub-Center, Ethiopia. The results of this investigation indicated that the outbreak was caused by infection with CE virus. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for rapid diagnosis was applied to five scab samples obtained from sheep suspected for CE. To confirm whether the causative agent was...
Do dental abnormalities predispose horses to colic?
July 2014
Evaluation of dental abnormalities were carried out on a group of 74 polo horses with history of colic (colicky group) and another group of 70 randomly selected polo horses with no history of colic (non-colicky group) under similar environmental and management condition at Lagos Polo Club, Lagos, Nigeria in order to investigate probable correlation between dental abnormalities, routine dental care and predisposition to...
Slaughter surveillance for tuberculosis among cattle in three metropolitan abattoirs in Ghana
July 2014
Despite its existence in Ghana, there is very little information on the extent or nature of bovine tuberculosis. This state of affairs may pose a serious public health threat through risks associated with the consumption of beef from infected cattle, dairy milk and other bovine products. A study to screen bovine carcasses with lesions suggestive of mycobacterial infection at necropsy in three selected abattoirs in Accra...
Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis and assessment of Cattle owners’ awareness on its public health implication in and around Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia
June 2014
A cross-sectional study was conducted from September, 2010 to July, 2011 on 480 cattle in and around Mekelle town, northern Ethiopia, to determine the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) using comparative intradermal tuberculin (CIDT) test and to assess cattle owners’ awareness on its public health implication using a questionnaire survey. The individual animal and herd bovine tuberculin positivity prevalence...
Caseous lymphadenitis in goats from Borena Range Land South Ethiopia slaughtered at Luna Export Abattoir
June 2014
A study was conducted on 400 goats in Luna Export Abattoir originated from district area of Borena Range land (that is Yabello and Negella) from November, 2008 to April, 2009 to estimate the prevalence of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) in goats. Detail post mortem examination and bacteriology were applied to undertake this study. On the bases of post mortem and bacteriological results, the prevalence of caseous...
Outbreaks of Peste des petits ruminants in two different localities in Sudan
June 2014
This report describes the details of outbreaks of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) which occurred during 2008 in Khartoum and River Nile States in Sudan. An outbreak was reported in a sheep flock at the southern part of the State (Soba) in Khartoum, with 100% morbidity and mortality rates. In ElDamer city at River Nile State, the morbidity rate was 31.4% while mortality rate was 17.1% in the total animal...
Rabies in animals and humans in and around Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia: A retrospective and questionnaire based study
June 2014
Reliable data is required on diseases like rabies by policy makers and professionals. This study was therefore aimed at assessing the situation of rabies in and around Addis Ababa using retrospective data obtained during 2008 to 2011. Besides, a questionnaire was used to generate information on factors associated with the occurrence of rabies. A total of 935 brain samples from different species of animals were examined...
Pathophysiologic mechanisms of pain in animals – A review
May 2014
The sense of pain is of practical significance in human and veterinary medicine. Its management and prevention constitute integral and fundamental parts of quality and compassionate care of patients. In order to recognise, assess, prevent and treat pain, an understanding of its pathway and the pathophysiologic mechanisms is necessary. This review discusses definitions of pain, its classification, description,...
Species composition, prevalence and seasonal variations of ixodid cattle ticks in and around Haramaya town, Ethiopia
May 2014
A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2009 to March 2010 in and around Haramaya town to determine the species composition, prevalence and seasonal variation of ixodid cattle ticks. During the study period, a total of 3117 adult ixodid cattle ticks were collected from the half body regions of 346 local breeds of cattle which were under extensive management system during early dry and early wet periods and...
Evaluation of biosecurity measures on broiler farms in Khartoum, Sudan
May 2014
This study was designed to evaluate the present biosecurity measures in broiler farms in Khartoum and to compare between the biosecurity practices followed in closed system and open system farms. The primary information that included numbers of broiler poultry in each farms, locations in the state and type of farms were obtained from Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources, Khartoum. Multi-stage cluster sampling...
Major causes and risk factors associated with calf mortality in dairy farms in Khartoum State, Sudan
May 2014
This study was conducted in dairy farms in Khartoum state in order to determine the major causes and risk factors associated with calves’ mortality. The main results revealed that out of 2,310 animals a highest mortality rate was in Hilat kuku 2.16% (n = 50), followed by Alrudwan and Alseleit 1.73% (n = 24) and 1.04% (n = 40), respectively. Application of analytical statistic using one way analysis of variance...
Seroprevalence of foot and mouth disease (FMD) and associated economic impact on Central Ethiopian cattle feedlots
May 2014
The study was conducted in central part of Ethiopia in 2011 with the objectives to determine seroprevalence and associated economic impact on cattle feedlots. From the total of 38,187 bulls examined for foot and mouth disease (FMD) antibody, 5,536 (14.5%) was found positive and subsequently rejected from international market. The seropositivity of FMD varied from site to site and the variations were statistically...
Listeriosis in a 5 month old white Fulani-cross heifer
April 2014
A five month old calf was presented to the Large Animal Clinic of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, with a chief complaint of nervous dysfunction. The calf was hospitalized and a thorough physical examination was carried out. The condition was diagnosed to be listeriosis based on the clinical signs, though efforts were made to isolate the organism from urine without success. The calf was...
Age-related changes in haematologic parameters of cage-raised Japanese quails (Cortunix japonica)
April 2014
Blood samples were collected from clinically normal, cage-raised Japanese quails at regular intervals, over a six-week period. Full routine haematological analyses were carried out to establish reference values for growing individuals of this species and to assess age-related changes. The results of this study showed an initial significant reduction (p˂0.001) in the values of the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean...
Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in dromedary camels and awareness of pastoralists about its zoonotic importance in Eastern Ethiopia
April 2014
The aim of this study was to investigate bovine tuberculosis in camels which was conducted in Eastern part of Ethiopia using post mortem examination, Mycobaterium isolation, tuberculin skin test and questionnaire based interview. Tuberculosis (TB) is an important disease for pastoralist, particularly due to prevailing habit of consuming raw milk and sharing house during night time with their animals. This study has...
Microbiological study on bacterial causes of bovine mastitis and its antibiotics suscebtibility patterns in East Showa Zone, Akaki District, Ethiopia
April 2014
The study was conducted during September, 2008 to 2009 in East Showa Zone, Akaki district to determine the prevalence of mastitis, identify risk factors, isolate and identify major bacterial causes and conduct in-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test. Forty six (46) small holder dairy farms and 200 dairy cows were selected by one stage cluster sampling. Questionnaire survey, farm inspection and clinical examination of...
Heat stress amelioration and production performance in layers supplemented with herbal liquid anti-stressor product
March 2014
As the body temperature of birds rise, feed consumption, growth rate, feed efficiency, survivability, egg production and egg quality tends to decline. In order to address the problem of heat stress, an experiment was conducted to determine the effect of AV/LAP/19 liquid (Supplied by M/s Ayurvet Ltd. Baddi, HP, India) containing natural vitamin C with bioflavonoids and selenium, and synthetic ascorbic-acid (vitamin C)...
Effects of transportation positions and orientations on muscular damage of goats transported by road for 12 h during the hot-dry conditions
March 2014
The influence of road transportation position and orientation on muscular damage was evaluated in 30 goats. The animals were divided into two groups: 20 goats transported by road for 12-h during hot-dry conditions (TG) and 10 non-transported sedentary goats (SG). During the 12-h transportation period, the goats spent 7 h standing, of which 40.0% of the goats spent 4.5 ± 0.7 h standing in perpendicular direction,...
A three year follow-up study on the occurrence of bovine ehrlichiosis (cowdriosis) at Gondar University dairy farm
March 2014
Bovine ehrlichiosis (cowdriosis) is an acute, fatal, non-contagious, infectious, tick-borne rickettsial disease of ruminants, caused by Ehrlichia ruminantium and transmitted by Amblyomma ticks. During the 3 years period, 37 cases were examined at the University of Gondar dairy farms with diagnosis based on clinical, post-mortem and squash smear preparations. The age of animals which showed clinical signs ranged from two...
Cloacal feacal carriage and occurrence of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli in chicken grown with and without antibiotic supplemented feed
March 2014
Drug resistant Escherichia coli persist in the intestinal flora of poultry birds, and these serve as route via which they can be transmitted directly to humans, thus contributing to the already growing crisis of antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this study was to determine the cloacal feacal carriage and occurrence of antibiotic resistant E. coli isolates from chicken fed with and without antibiotic supplemented...
Bacteriological evaluation of the drinking water quality in dairy farms in Khartoum state, Sudan
March 2014
This study was conducted in Khartoum State in order to evaluate the quality of the drinking water in dairy farms based on bacteriological examinations and viable counts. A total of 39 water samples were obtained from dairy farms (13 in Khartoum, 13 in Omdurman and 13 in Khartoum North). All samples were cultured on Blood Agar and MacConkey for bacterial isolation and on nutrient agar for viable counts. The main result...
Gross pathological lesions of bovine tuberculosis and efficiency of meat inspection procedure to detect-infected cattle in Adama municipal abattoir
February 2014
A cross-sectional study was conducted at Adama municipal abattoir from February 2010 to May 2011 to estimate the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) and to evaluate the efficiency of meat inspection procedure to detect cattle infected with Mycobacterium bovis. The study only involved routine and detailed inspection at slaughter house. Chi-square test and test of agreement (Kappa value) were used to analyze the data....
Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitism of cattle in East Showa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Central Ethiopia
February 2014
This study was conducted from November 2011 to April 2012 in the East Showa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Central Ethiopia in four selected study area to investigate the prevalence, burden of helminths, and to asses associated risk factors. A total of 326 fecal samples were used for qualitative and quantitative coprological examination. The overall prevalence was 61% of gastrointestinal (GI) helminths and the prevalent...
Spermatozoa morphology and characteristics of Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae) protected male Wistar rats exposed to sodium arsenite
February 2014
The sperm protective potential of Spondias mombin L in arsenic-treated rats was carried out. Thirty-five male albino rats (225 to 228 g) were used and grouped into 7 (A to G), each group containing 5 rats. Group A was treated with 0.1 ml dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), B (0.1 ml of distilled water), C (sodium arsenite (SA-2.5 mg/kg body weight), D (ethyl acetate fraction), E (ethyl acetate fraction for 7 days and sodium...
Comparison between rolling and surgical treatment of uterine torsion in buffaloes (Bubalis bubalis) in Basrah province
February 2014
A number of 30 buffaloes with uterine torsion were described in a period of 2010 to 2011 in our clinic in Basrah Province Alnashwa. All animals were treated first by rolling but only four cases responded and were corrected by this method, 86.67% of cases were corrected by caesarian section (CS). We found that the right uterine torsion was more incidence 73.33% than left uterine torsion, from the result, we found 4 cases...
Pre-weaning kid mortality in Adamitulu Jedokombolcha District, Mid Rift Valley, Ethiopia
January 2014
A longitudinal study was conducted, from October 2008 to April 2009, on 188 kids born from flocks of 50 randomly selected households in Aneno and Edokontola villages in Adamitulu Jedokombolcha district, mid rift valley, Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to estimate pre-weaning mortality, identify associated factors and establish possible causes of death in goat kids. Data collected were used to evaluate the effect of...
Evaluation of the newcastle disease antibody level after vaccination regimes in chickens in Debrezeit Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia
January 2014
Evaluation of the Newcastle disease (NCD) antibody level after different vaccination regime was conducted on 110 chickens: (32%) vaccinated and kept separated, (25.2%) unvaccinated and kept with vaccinated, (25.2%) were control groups. Four vaccination regime of chicken against NCD using live lentogenic stain, Hithcner B1 (at the age of 3 day old) and lasota (at the age of 27, 63, and 112th days of age) were used. The...
Prevalence of clinical and sub-clinical mastitis on cross bred dairy cows at Holleta Agricultural Research Center, Central Ethiopia
January 2014
A study on bovine mastitis, designed to determine the prevalence and causal agent in cross breed dairy cow, was conducted from November, 2009 to March, 2010 at Holleta agricultural research center. A total of 90 cross bred cows were examined by physical examination and California mastitis test (CMT). Out of the total animals examined, 81.1% (73) had mastitis, in which 7.8% (7) and 73.3% (66) had clinical and sub...
Tail docking in dogs: Evaluation of current practices and ethical aspects in southwest Nigeria
January 2014
This study evaluated the current practices of tail docking in dogs routinely performed in southwest Nigeria, as well as their ethical issues. The data were collected by means of a structured questionnaire provided to breeders/owners besides an audit of retrospective case records. The results indicated that tail docking was performed and embraced by all practices and breeders/owners surveyed, with higher frequency of...
Ectoparasitism: Threat to Ethiopian small ruminant population and tanning industry
January 2014
Sheep and goats are important contributors to food production in Ethiopia providing meat, milk and income generation for the country. Skins are the most important items to generate foreign currency for developing countries like Ethiopia. However, the huge resource potential of sheep and goats populations of the country are constrained and threatened by compound effect of diseases, poor management and malnutrition....
Retrospective study of clinical cases presented at veterinary hospitals in Khartoum State, Sudan
January 2014
The study was conducted in Veterinary Hospitals in Khartoum state in order to determine the clinical cases in different animal species. Many Bovine diseases were diagnosed in different Veterinary Hospitals in Khartoum State from 2010 to 2012. A total of (204) cases were recorded all over the state and the highest overall prevalence rate was observed for surgical interferences 35.78% (n = 73), parasitic diseases 33.33%...
Sensitivity of Trypanosoma congolense field isolates in experimentally infected calves in Konso district, Southern Ethiopia to isomethamidium and diminazene
January 2014
Study on sensitivity to diminazene aceturate 3.5 mg/kg and isometamidium chloride 0.5 mg/kg in tenzebu calves experimentally infected with two field isolates of Trypanosoma congolense (ET/07/Konso 59 and ET/07/Konso 114) was undertaken in Konso district, Southern Ethiopia. Calves were monitored for clinical and parasitological parameters during three months. At day 15 post-infection, corresponding to peak parasitaemia,...
Epidemiological studies of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in ruminants in Jakiri, Bui Division, North West Region of Cameroon
December 2013
Goats recorded the highest (90.4%) prevalence of GIT parasites, followed by sheep (73.1%), and the least prevalence was observed in cattle (56.7%). Concerning the various management techniques, prevalence of GIT parasites were higher in tethered animals (88.1%) followed by free range grazing animals (60.9%). Animals confined in paddocks had the least prevalence (45.5%). Eimeria species recorded the highest prevalence...
Isolation time of brooding chicks play an important role in the control of Marek’s disease
December 2013
This work reported the use of a combination of measures for the control of an outbreak of Marek’s disease (MD). Post- introduction vaccinations of young chickens in a farm that had an outbreak over a period of six years did not yield good result. The disease was therefore controlled by brooding new birds in isolated pens far away from the other one, use of biosecurity measures and brooding birds during the rainy...
Review on camel trypanosomosis (surra) due to Trypanosoma evansi: Epidemiology and host response
December 2013
Trypanosomosis is the most important and serious pathogenic protozoal disease of camel caused by Trypanosoma species. Trypanosome evansi parasite has a wide range of distribution throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Mostly, camels suffer from trypanosomosis caused by T. evansi that is transmitted mechanically, non-cyclically, by haematophagus flies such as horseflies (Tabanus) and stable flies...
Sero-prevalence of small ruminants’ brucellosis in four districts of Afar National Regional State, Northeast Ethiopia
December 2013
A cross-sectional study was conducted in four districts of Afar region to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants. One thousand fifty sera were tested using modified Rose Bengal plate test (mRBPT) and complement fixation test (CFT) as screening and confirmatory tests, respectively. The results showed that 7.1 and 13.6% of sheep and goats were sero-positive, respectively. District level sero-prevalence...
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