Nutrigenomic studies of orange juice and vitamin c on gene expressions in neuronal tissues of Sprague Dawley rats
February 2013
Nutrigenomics, a nascent field in nutrition and molecular biology plays a pivotal role in understanding the influence of bioactive dietary components on the structure, integrity and functions of the genome. In this study, the comparative effects of vitamin C (Vit C) and Nigerian local orange juice on the gene expression levels of superoxide dismutase (sod), tumour necrosis factor receptor...
Oxalate metabolism by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a fungal pathogen in soybeans
February 2013
Pathogenesis of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mainly depends on production of oxalate (Lib.) de Bary, but the mechanism by which the oxalate is produced is not well understood. Control of Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) in soybean which is caused by this ubiquitous phytopathogenic fungus requires the knowledge of oxalate synthesis by S. sclerotiorum. Nine isolates from infected soybeans and soils were...
Serum ghrelin levels in Syrian obese patients with diabetes mellitus type II
January 2013
The serum ghrelin levels had been studied in three groups of subjects׃ First group was normal weight (11 men and 9 women), non obese, non diabetic, 38 ± 12 years old, with BMI mean about 23.8 kg/m2 and did not take any drugs. The second group was overweight (18 men and 13 women), non diabetic, 40.6 ± 9.9 years old, with BMI mean about 36.34 kg/m2. This group was apparently healthy and...
Plasma concentration of acylated ghrelin in patients with Alzheimer’s disease
January 2013
Ghrelin is a hormone produced in the stomach and tightly linked to the regulation of energy balance and cognitive processes. It may be altered in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a dementia syndrome markedly influenced by metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the plasma concentration of acylated ghrelin in patients with AD. The study included 71 people 37 in the case...
Assessment of the potency of some selected anti-malaria drugs on the supplements of vitamin B2 and orange fruit juice (combination therapy)
December 2012
Current practice in treating cases of malaria is based around the concept of combination therapy, since this offers several advantages - reduced risk of treatment failure, reduced risk of developing resistance, enhanced convenience and reduced side-effects. The effect of the supplements vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) and orange fruit juice on the potency and efficacy of some selected anti-malaria drugs (Armact, Coartem, Waipa...
Effects of Emilia praetermissa leaf extract on the haematological and biochemical parameters of stress induced ulcerated Wistar rats
December 2012
Effects of Emilia praetermissa leaf extract on the haematological and biochemical parameters of cold-water stress induced ulceration in albino rats were the focus of this study. Blood samples collected from stress induced ulcerated Wistar rats by cold water immersion were used to evaluate the haematological and biochemical parameters. This study was conducted using twenty rats randomly divided into four...
A Biflavonoid and a Carotenoid from Rhus leptodictya: Isolation, Characterization and Antibacterial Properties
November 2012
Acetone extracts of the leaves of Rhus Leptodictyawere studied for antibacterial activity usingbioautography and micro titre plate assay techniques against four nosocomial bacterial pathogens - Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, andEnterococcus faecalis. A bioassay guided fractionation showed that the activity was concentrated in the carbon tetrachloride fraction. A...
Antioxidant screening of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Organum vulgare L. in-vitro
November 2012
The present study was envisaged to assess the rationality for the use of traditionally invogue herb Organum vulgare as an anti-oxidant agent. Potential antioxidative activity of O. vulgare was evaluated using various in vitro methods including post mitochondrial supernatant (PMS) and microsomal lipid peroxidation, DNA sugar damage, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical...
Measurement of cholesterol sub-fractions, high density lipoprotein 2 and high density lipoprotein 3, in HIV infected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy in Burkina Faso
October 2012
This paper described dyslipidemia caused by the metabolic effects of HIV and exposure to antiretroviral therapy. The aim of this study was to appreciate the interest of the measurement of HDL sub-fractions in the monitoring of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients on antiretroviral treatment. A case-control study was carried out on 31 HIV infected before (naive) highly active antiviral therapy (HAART...
Effects of methanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaf on survival and some biochemical parameters in acute Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection
October 2012
The effects of methanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaf (chosen from several extracts tested) on survival, parasitaemia, packed cell volume and some biochemical parameters were investigated in acute Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection. Results showed that the extract was relatively safe with median lethal dose, LD50 ≥5000 mg/kg/day. Although none of the extracts tested cured infected...
Heavy metals distribution and lipid profile in the stomach of cow grazed in Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
June 2012
The distribution of heavy metals: manganese, chromium, cadmium, copper, arsenate, iron and lead together with lipid profiles were investigated in the stomach of cow grazed in Akungba-Akoko region of Ondo State, Nigeria. This sample was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric method (AAS) with wet digestion method. The results showed that the heavy metals concentrations in the stomach of the cows are: Mn...
Heavy metals distribution and lipid profile in the stomach of cow grazed in Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
June 2012
Essential oils were obtained by hydro distillation of dried leaves from two kinds of Plectranthus tenuicaulis (Hook f.) J. k. Morton grown in Gabon and were analyzed using GC-FID, GC-MS, 1H and 13C NMR. The main constituent was (R), (E)-6,7-epoxyocimene [(E)-myroxide] (72.2 to 83.8%) with small amounts of (Z)-6,7-epoxyocimene (0.6 to 1.3%), (E) and (Z)-β-ocimene (1.1 to...
Intraspecific diversity of Egyptian and foreign new lines of chickpea based on Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and isozyme markers
May 2012
Four Egyptian and 21 foreign new lines of kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) were analyzed by using biochemical molecular markers to gain insight into the genetic diversity between accessions. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was applied on the total soluble seed proteins by using sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and five isozyme systems to examine the storage and functional components, respectively. The storage...
Thermogenic response of guinea pig adipocytes to noradrenaline and β3-AR agonists
May 2012
Brown adipocytes isolated from warm acclimated guinea pig do not respond to noradrenaline (NA) in spite of their marked thermogenic response in vivo. In contrast, in cold-acclimated guinea pigs, isolated brown adipocytes show substantial increase in capacity for a thermogenic response to NA. Chronic stimulation with a β3-AR agonist increased insulin-sensitivity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in the guinea pig....
Effect of certain insect growth regulators on the lipid content of some tissues of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria
May 2012
The present study was carried out to investigate the metabolic effects of pyriproxyfen, tebufenozide or lufenuron on the lipid content in two different tissues: hemolymph and fat body of the early-, mid- and late-aged old nymphs as well as 1- and 4-days old adult females. Hemolymph lipid content of the early-aged nymphs had been subjected to a reducing effect after treatment with high concentration of insect growth...
In vitro anthelmintic potentials of Xylopia aethiopica and Monodora myristica from Nigeria
May 2012
Monodora myristica and Xylopia aethiopica are two spices that have been traditionally used as a vermifuge in Ayurveda. The main aim of the research work was to investigate the phytochemical constituents of the aqueous, ethanol and methanol extracts of the two spices and the anthelmintic activity of the extracts of their seeds against Eudrilus eugeniae. The four concentrations (10, 20, 50 and 100...
Effect of boiling on the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant properties of African pear Dacryodes edulis seeds in vitro
April 2012
African pear, Dacryodes edulis, seed extract has been used for the treatment of ailments in traditional medicine. However, the effect of boiling on its antioxidant properties is still poorly understood. Therefore, the present study investigates the effect of boiling on the antioxidant properties of D. edulis seed extract using in vitro parameters such as free radical scavenging ability against 2, 2- diphenyl...
In-vitro assessment of antioxidant potential and phenolic capacity of Temnocalyx obovatus leaves
April 2012
Temnocalyx obovatus is widely found in many areas in Zimbabwe, Nigeria and Zambia where it is used to treat a variety of ailments. Phenolic compounds in T. obovatus assessed by Folin-Ciocalteu method varied from 1.18 to 2.89 mg tannic acid g-1. Acetone extract showed the greatest flavonoids, flavonols and proanthocyanidins content 5.12, 4.13 and 3.07 mg catechin g-1respectively. 2,...
Toxicological investigation of aqueous leaf extract of Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br. in Wister albino rats
April 2012
The pathological changes due to the oral administration of the aqueous extract of the leaves ofCalotropis procera were studied in rats over a period of sixty days. The leaf extract was administered orally to rats in three groups receiving doses of 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg. The fourth group served as a control and received distilled water only. Result showed that, oral administration of the aqueous extract...
Effect of vitrifying solutions, ethylene glycol and 1, 2-propandiol, on intracellular K+ and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) of hepatocytes in primary culture
April 2012
Shortage of donor liver tissue for the isolation of hepatocytes requires the development of improved cryopreservation techniques for long-term storage of these cells for more efficient use. The aim of this study is to compare two cryoprotectants for preserving living cells in culture by vitrification. The viability of hepatocytes after cryopreservation was determined by the intracellular concentration of potassium...
Chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant, cytotoxicity activities of Zingiber officinale Roscoe essential oil
March 2012
This study was designed to examine the in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger) rhizome essential oil. GC-MS analysis of the essential oil resulted in the identification of 7 compounds, representing 90.06% of the oil, the major constituents were described as α-zingiberene (52.35%), β-pinene (14.20%) and β-sesquiphellandrene (12.11%). The...
Effects of harvest time and cultivar on yield and physical properties fibers of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.)
March 2012
Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is an annual non wood plant which has shown great potential as an alternative source of papermaking fiber. No information is available on kenaf cultivation in south-Iran in spite of the need to replace imported long fibers through local production of alternative sources. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of kenaf cultivars and harvest times on component yield...
Antioxidant capacity of bioactive compounds extracted from selected wild and domesticated cereals of Zimbabwe
March 2012
Bioactive compounds were extracted from 6 wild and 4 domesticated cereal grains of Zimbabwe, using 50% methanol with the aim of testing their capability to prevent phospholipid peroxidation and β-carotene bleaching. The highest yield of phenolic compounds was obtained from Eleusine indica (a wild cereal) with 7.16 mg GA/100 mg sample, while the least yield was obtained from Amaranthus...
Levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in tear fluid of mustard gas exposed patients with chronic dry-eye symptoms
March 2012
The purpose of this study is to compare the levels of MMP-1, 2, 8, 9 in tear fluids of people exposed to mustard gas in the war between Iraq and Iran who had the chronic dry-eye symptoms compared to the normal group. In this study, 25 of the patients who were exposed to mustard gas and had chronic dry eye symptoms were compared to 25 patients as control group; consisting of 25 people who had common chronic dry eye...
Unutilized energy reserves and mineral contents of fibroid tissues suggesting perturbed membrane transport processes
February 2012
Compositions of intramural uterine fibroid (IUF) and subserous uterine fibroid (SUF) tissues were studied. Results showed that IUF and SUF, respectively, contained (%) 77.26 ± 0.05 and 77.49 ± 0.02 moisture and 22.74 ± 0.05 and 22.52 ± 0.02 dry matter, on wet-weight basis. Their respective moisture, crude fat, crude protein, ash and total carbohydrates (%) were 4.67 ± 0.05 and 4.38...
Effect of essential oil of the leaves of Eucalyptus globulus on heamatological parameters of wistar rats
February 2012
The study was designed to evaluate the effect of essential oil extract of Eucalyptus globulus on haematological parameters of wistar rats. Twenty-five adult wistar rats weighing between 80 to 130 g were used. The rats were divided into five groups; with group one as the control group. Increasing doses (12.5, 25.0, 50.0, 72.5 mg/ml) of the extract were administered orally daily to the other four groups for a...
Bacteriological characterization of snacks sold in Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
February 2012
Two types of pastry snacks (Moin-moin and Buns) were bought from four different hawkers in the Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, from four locations viz. Student Residential area, Faculty of Science, Faculty of Engineering and the Old Administrative area. Ten representative bacterial isolates from each of the snacks from the locations were tentatively identified separately from...
Comparative phenolic profile of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaves cultivars grown in Iran
February 2012
In this study Walnut leaves from 11 different cultivars (Mayette, Fernor, Mellanaise, Elit, Orientis, Lara, Hartley, Franquette, Parisienne, Arco and Marbot) were studied for their phenolic compounds. The evolution of major phenolic compounds amounts was monitored from May to September. Two extractive procedures were assayed and the best results were obtained using acidified water (pH 2) and a solid phase...
Maternal oxidative stress and enzymatic antioxidant status in premature rupture of membranes
January 2012
Premature rupture of the fetal membrane is a major cause of preterm birth and it is associated with infant morbidity. To examine the relationship between maternal oxidative stress (OS) and antioxidant statue and premature rupture of membranes (PROM). 30 pregnant women with PROM and 30 normal pregnant women were compared for maternal malonaldihyde concentration, erythrocyte glutathione (GSH) concentration, glutathione...
The significance of artemisinin in roll back malaria partnership programmes and cancer therapy
January 2012
The role of the natural product, artemisinin, is discussed, with a view to elucidating its importance as an antimalarial, essential to sustainable global development, especially in the health and welfare industry. An estimated 243 million cases of malaria led to an estimated 863,000 deaths in 2008. The Roll Back Malaria (RBM) Partnership is a global network for co-ordinated action against malaria, launched in 1998 by...
Matrix metalloproteinases activity in fibrosarcoma Wehi-164 cells
January 2012
Fibrosarcoma is a malignant disorder of fibroblasts and extremely metastatic cancer. Angiogenesis plays an important role in metastasis. Several factors including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) involve in angiogenesis. MMPs are a large group of endopeptidases which degredate the extracellular matrix. The present study was conducted to evaluate the patterns of MMP-2/MMP-9 activity in Wehi-164 cells in vitro....
Effect of electromagnetic field on acetylcholinesterase activity: In vitro study
January 2012
The in vitro effects of extremely low frequency (ELF)-electromagnetic field (EMF) (frequencies of 50, 100, 217 Hz, induction 300 µT) on the structure and activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was investigated. AChE activity was measured with UV-vis spectroscopy. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy were used for investigating the secondary and tertiary structure of enzyme. The...
The significance of artemisinin in roll back malaria partnership programmes and cancer therapy
January 2012
The role of the natural product, artemisinin, is discussed, with a view to elucidating its importance as an antimalarial, essential to sustainable global development, especially in the health and welfare industry. An estimated 243 million cases of malaria led to an estimated 863,000 deaths in 2008. The Roll Back Malaria (RBM) Partnership is a global network for co-ordinated action against malaria, launched in 1998 by...
Maternal oxidative stress and enzymatic antioxidant status in premature rupture of membranes
January 2012
Premature rupture of the fetal membrane is a major cause of preterm birth and it is associated with infant morbidity. To examine the relationship between maternal oxidative stress (OS) and antioxidant statue and premature rupture of membranes (PROM). 30 pregnant women with PROM and 30 normal pregnant women were compared for maternal malonaldihyde concentration, erythrocyte glutathione (GSH) concentration, glutathione...
The apoptotic and cytotoxic effects of Polygonum avicular extract on Hela-S cervical cancer cell line
December 2011
Cervical cancer is the second main cause of cancer leading death in women. Therefore, targeting it, preferably with natural compounds derived from medicinal plant such as Polygonum avicular as an herbal extract have astringent properties. Herbal medicines in all regions of the developing world are widely used. Unlike the heavy use, there are very little information about the health and efficiency of the treatment by...
Screening of antioxidant activity, total phenolics and gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS) study of ethanolic extract of Aporosa lindleyana Baill
December 2011
The present study was carried out for the identification of phytochemicals present in the roots ofAporosa lindleyana and also to evaluate the total phenol, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity. Total phenol was carried out by Folin Ciocalteu method and the phenolic content was 31.20 mg/100 g of gallic acid equivalent (GE) and the flavonoid content was 203.10±0.9. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by...
Alterations in the biochemical components and photosynthetic pigments of mulberry (Morus Spp.) attacked by leaf – roller (Diaphania pulverulentalis) pest
December 2011
Leaf roller (Diaphania pulverulentalis Hampson) is a serious pest of mulberry (Morus alba L.), which is the sole food for silkworm – Bombyx mori L. It attacks the tender leaves of the host causing considerable damage which alters the leaf quality. An attempt was made to know the changes in the biochemical components (free amino acids, total soluble proteins, total reducing sugars, total soluble...
Anti-atherogenic effects of supplementation with vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) in albino rats
November 2011
Elevation of serum lipids have been implicated to predispose to cardiovascular disorders which includes hypertension, stroke, atherosclerosis etc. Various studies have reported links between supplementation with vitamin B complex and reduction in oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions, two events associated with cardiovascular disorders. Data on possible direct regulation on lipid profile by vitamin B6 is very...
Dyslipidemic and atherogenic effects of academic stress
November 2011
Evidence suggests that there is strong relationship between stress and development of cardiovascular disorders. Here, the relationship between academic stress and selected traditional markers of cardiovascular disorder such as lipids and lipoprotein profile and apoproteins were investigated. Eighty apparently healthy male and female students participated in the study. Plasma concentration of selected biochemical...
Anti-malarial activity of cocoa powder in mice
October 2011
At present, malaria is one of the most important parasitic diseases in the world killing more than one million people annually. It is an important public health problem because many of the drugs that are being prescribed for the treatment of malaria have become ineffective to the disease. This study was therefore carried out to determine the anti-malaria activity of cocoa powder through the use of mouse model. Natural...
Oxidative stress biomarkers in young male rats fed with stevioside
October 2011
Stevioside is a natural non-caloric sweetener refined from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaves. The introduction of stevioside as a sugar substitute in the diets of diabetics and others on carbohydrate-controlled diets has been suggested, but safety issues have prevented implementation. The aim of this study was to examine antioxidant status changes in the sera, livers and kidneys of young male rats fed with low...
Screening of antioxidant activity, total phenolics and gas chromatograph and mass spectrometer (GC-MS) study of delonix regia
October 2011
The present study was carried out for identification of the phytochemicals present in the Delonix regia leaves and also evaluates the total phenols, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity of the leaf extract. Total phenols were carried out by Folin Ciocalteu method and the phenolic content was 16.00 mg/100 g of gallic acid equivalent (GE). Antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl...
Antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Pongamia pinnata on lead acetate induced hepatic damage in rats
October 2011
The antioxidant effect of methanolic extract of Pongamia pinnata was evaluated against lead acetate induced hepatic damage in male albino rats. Methanolic extract from the flowers of P. pinnata at a dose level of 150 mg/kg b.wt/day was administered orally daily once for 90 days. The substantially decreased enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione...
Kinetic study of different flavonoids as inhibitors of beta-lactamase enzyme
September 2011
The phenotypic study of the clinical strain Escherichia coli K18 showed that it is resistant to penicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanate, but susceptible to the combination of piperacillin-tazobactam and the cephalosporins 3rd generation and meropenem. The isolated β-lactamase, using ion-exchange chromatography on resin Mono-Q, gave a yield of 56%, a purification factor equal to 5.9, a molecular weight...
Influence of the bioinsecticides, NeemAzal, on main body metabolites of the 3rd larval instar of the house fly Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)
September 2011
The present study was designed and conducted to determine the effects of Neemazal on the general body metabolism of the house fly Musca domestica. The second instar larvae of the house fly M. domestica (L.) were reared on artificial diet treated with the botanical extract, NeemAzal. Five concentration levels of this compound (1000, 500, 250, 125 and 62.5 ppm) were used. The main body metabolites,...
Changes in liver and serum transaminases and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activities in Plasmodium berghei infected mice treated with aqueous extract of Aframomum sceptrum
September 2011
One of the effects of Plasmodium infection which causes malaria is the invasion of the hepatocyte which affects liver and blood transaminases activities. This study was design to examine the hepato-protective effect of Aframomum sceptrum in mice infected withPlasmodium berghei. Thirty-six abino male mice infected (test) and non infected (control) of 8 weeks old were used for this research. The...
Effect of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) on lipid profile in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected Nigerian population
September 2011
Nigeria remains the country with the third highest number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals with over 600,000 HIV-infected subjects requiring antiretroviral therapy (ART). Since there is little or no data on the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the lipid profile of HIV-infected subjects in Nigeria, this study was aimed at evaluating the dyslipidaemia associated with...
Deficiency of vitamin B12 among Jordanian people with psychological and biological activity
September 2011
This study was conducted to evaluate vitamin B12 level among Jordanians healthy people and its effects on psychological parameters. One hundred and eighty six subjects were recruited in the study. The subjects were chosen to be healthy, aged between 16 to 71 years. Participants were asked to fill a detailed questionnaire that covered medical data then they were divided into three age groups. Serum vitamin B12 levels...
Effects of 4-nonylphenol on metabolic enzymes, some ions and biochemical blood parameters of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)
September 2011
In present work, some biochemical characteristics of the catfish, Clarias gariepinus were studied under the effect of different sublethal doses of 4-nonylphenol (0, 0.05, 0.08 and 0.1 mgl-1). Liver enzymes ALT and AST increased insignificantly at P<0.05 whereas the ALP decreased insignificantly. The activities of G6PDH showed significant increase with the increased sublethel doses of 4-nonylphenol...
Nerve growth factor (NGF) combined with oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) induces neural ischemia tolerance in PC12 cells
September 2011
Ischemic cerebrovascular disease is a major disease in humans. To better study this disease, a good ischemia model of nerve cells is needed. Nerve growth factor (NGF) could induce PC12 cells to become neurons. Oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) could lead to hypoxia and neuronal ischemia. In this study, we used NGF and OGD to stimulate PC12 cells and converted them into neurons in order to establish an ischemia model....
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