Genetics and Breeding Overview for Coffee Wilt Disease Resistance
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The presence of intra- and inter specific variability in the coffee species provide a potential source of resistance to coffee wilt disease (CWD). Additionally, the existence of Robusta and Arabica wilt pathogenic forms enables to design effective breeding strategies to develop resistant cultivars towards each population. The inheritance of resistance to Fussarium xylarioides in Coffea canephora suggested that resistance...
Relationships between ages of planting with the important fruit characteristics in Hazelnut
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Abstract This study carried out in Güce town of Giresun province on 400-440 m on Tombul variety in 2008-2009 years. The ages of ocaks planting determined as 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 70 and 90 year. As a statistical, between the ages of ocaks planting with yield, kernel weight was determined very significant negative correlation; between the ages of ocaks planting with yield, shell nut weight and the hub shell was found of the...
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In the lowlands of Bale Zone, mainly in Madda Walabu and Dallo Mana district, despite the presence of ample surface water resource which can be used for irrigation, farmers and agro-pastoralists promote rainfed agriculture which may leads them to severe crisis in the concurrent situation of the country. Thus, the objective of this research was to assess the household Irrigation Practices at Madda Walabu and Dallo Mana...
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The current investigation was aimed to study the genetic association of seed yield and its components in 81 mid-altitude sesame accessions based on morphological traits. The genotypes were evaluated in 9 x 9 simple lattice design at Melkassa Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia, during the 2014 cropping season. The study mainly focused on determining the nature and extent of phenotypic and genotypic correlation and path...
Forms of nitrogen application in different stages of development on soybean
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In Brazil, inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Bradyrhizobium elkanii strains is the main form of Nitrogen (N) supply to soybean, but there are reports of the use of mineral N as a complement to biological fixation. The objective of this word was to evaluate the effect of different forms and phenological stagestimes of N application on the development and yield of soybean. The treatments include a control...
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The experiment was conducted during the 2014-2015 cropping season in northern Ethiopia with the objectives of evaluatinge the nature and magnitude of Genotype x Environment Interaction (GEI) for oil yield of white seeded sesame genotypes and to identify stable and promising genotypes for general and specific adaptations across sesame growing areas. The experiment was conducted in Humera, Dansha, Maykadra, Sheraro, Wargiba...
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Pepper is one of the main vegetable crops in Benin, but its production is confronted with enormous biotic constraints including viral diseases most often transmitted by insect vectors. To control these viral diseases, the use of chemical pesticides has been adopted by the growers. However, these chemicals are harmful to both consumers and the environment. In this study, the effect of some aqueous extracts of local plants...
Determinants of Crop Land Management Practices: The Case of North Gondar Zone, North West Ethiopia
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Land management problems like soil erosion; overgrazing and deforestation have steadily increased in Ethiopia including the study area North Gonda Zone. Thus, the main objective of this study is to assess the determinants of crop land management practices in north Gondar zone. Both qualitative and quantitative types of data were collected from primary and secondary sources. In this study, the combinations of multi-stage...
Genetic and non-genetic factors influencing production in two Boer Goats Studs
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Data consisting of 3855 records and collected from 1998 to 2008 were analysed to estimate genetic parameters for economic traits in two Boer goat flocks. The traits investigated were weaning weight and post-weaning weight. Least square analysis was used for estimation of environmental effects. Genetic parameters were estimated from single and bivariate trait analyses using ASREML software fitting animal models. By ignoring...
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Farmers access seed from informal, intermediary and formal seed systems in Ethiopia. This paper aims to analyze the sources and mechanisms of dissemination seed of finger millet (Eleusine coracana) seed flow and identify the nodal and connector farmers in figure millet producing areas of Ethiopia. Using snow ball sampling 109 farmers were interviewed with semi structured questionnaire. The NetDraw software was used to...
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Practices that improve crop N uptake can reduce N losses to the environment, thereby increasing fertilizer N use efficiency (NUE). The objective of the study was to evaluate different nutrient management approaches for enhanced nutrient use efficiencies by crop driven nutrient management by preventing the possible N losses. Due to excessive use of fertilizers in imbalanced ratios causing the low nutrient use efficiency and...
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Five female clones of teasle gourd were evaluated for some morphological characters viz.; sepal length (mm), sepal width (mm), petal length (mm), petal width (mm), ovary length (mm), ovary diameter (mm), style length (mm), leaf shape, tendril character, stem character, flower colour, stigma head colour, fruit shape, spine character, spine colour at early stage and spine colour at marketable stage. Some agronomical...
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Despite the reported benefits and the efforts devoted to Conservation Agriculture (CA) promotion, its implementation in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has continued to decline. This study is conducted to assess the factors that influence the adoption of conservation agriculture in Potshini, Stulwane and Emmaus villages in the Okhahlamba Local Municipality (OLM) in Kwa-Zulu Natal Province, South Africa. The study used...
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The study was conducted at Sirinka Agriculture Research Center to assess the structural indices of local, local x pure Dorper50% cross breeds and pure Dorper sheep. The study was performed based on body linear measurements and three hundred three (303) sheep were selected for this study. From the total samples81, 128 and 94 sheep were local, 50% crosses and pure Dorper, respectively. The animals were grouped into three age...
Regional spatial market integration and price transmission of cereal markets in Ethiopia
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The study focuses on the spatial Cereal price transmission of regional food prices in three Ethiopian regional markets: Somali, Harari, and Dire Dawa. Markets are chosen based on the availability of continuous time series price data covering at least eleven years and the Eastern part of Ethiopia near neighboring to each other. The existence of the spatial market integration of this regional market in the Eastern part of...
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Land use/land cover changes (LULCCs) are major environmental challenges in various parts of the world and are a continuing phenomenon (including Ethiopia) and adversely affecting ecosystem services. Thus, understanding the rate and process of change is, therefore, basic for managing the environment. The Central Rift Valley (CRV) of Ethiopia is a closed basin where questions on natural resources have strongly increased over...
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The effects of geographical location on the chemical composition of olive oil of Zarazi cultivar growing in four different regions in the south of Tunisia (Sfax, Tataouin, Matmata and Medenin) were evaluated. Quality indices, oxidative stability, tocopherol content, fatty acid, sterol and phenolic compositions, were analyzed for each oil sample. Significant differences were detected depending on the growing area (p< 0.05)....
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The study seek to identify and explain the effects of some soil factors on the productivity of Cocoa in farmers' fields. Thirty trees were sampled from each of the 36 farmers’ plot across 9 randomly selected villages in the South Cameroon low plateau agro ecological zone. Productivity per plot was calculated by computing a Cocoa Pod Index (CPI). Soil samples were collected at two horizons : 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm, around...
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Low soil nitrogen and phosphorous levels are among several constraints limiting crop productivity in southwestern Ethiopia. The dominant soil types in the region are acidic nitosols that are often low in plant available phosphorus. Most farmers cultivate maize with minimal external inputs, hence resulting in sub-optimal yield levels. The effect of applying tithonia biomass and phosphorus fertilizer on agronomic efficiency...
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The present study was conducted to determine the variability, heritability, genetic advance and correlation among selected agronomic traits of 52 common bean accessions cultivated in South West, SW, Kenya at the Agricultural Research Farm of the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, KALRO, Kisii station during the growing seasons of 2015 and 2016. We investigated 14 quantitative traits following the...
Effects of cropping system, variety and soil amendment on growth and yield of tomato
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The research was carried out at the National Horticultural Research Institute, Ibadan, (Lat. 70 30ꞋN; Long. 30 50ˈE) during the 2011 and 2012 cropping seasons. The experiments were design as 2x2x5 factorial arranged in split–split plots with the main effects comprising of sole and intercropped tomato, the sub-plots made up of two tomato varieties (Uc82B and Ibadan local) and the sub-sub plots consisted of five soil...
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Maize common smut assessment survey was conducted in the five districts of west and kellemWollega zones namely Dale Sadi, Gimbi, Haru, Homa and LaloKile in 2015 during crop season. Among all cereals, maize is second to teff in area coverage in Ethiopia, but first in productivity and total production. Maize smut was seen as an outbreak at KellamWollega although it was not well known so before. Peasant association were...
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The effect of calcium silicate on the management of leafminer fly and muskmelon powdery mildew and post-harvest quality was evaluated in the field using a completely randomized design with 26 replicates. The evaluations were performed at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days after removal of the TNT blanket. At the end of the crop cycle, post-harvest fruit quality was evaluated where 75 fruits harvested at random from each area with...
IRON INDUCE DIFFERENT CHANGES AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF BRASSICA NIGRA
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Heavy metals are one of great importance and have a notable adverse effect leading to hazardous crop growth. Plants have a susceptibility to heavy metal toxicity and respond to avoid detrimental effects in a variety of crops. Our study is revealed that the metal toxicity after elevating on particular concentration and different stages of development. The seeds of Brassica nigra were used to evaluate the effect of iron (Fe)...
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The experiment was carried out in Daro Lebu and Habro districts of West Hararghe Zone with the objectives of evaluating maize-soybean intercropping practices under farmers condition and create awareness on soya bean production and its purpose for smallholder farmers. Two kebeles were selected purposively based on intercropping practises and their production potential to the selected crops. Three farmers and one Farmers...
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Common bean is one of the most economically important pulse crops cultivated in Ethiopia. However, its average yield reported at national level remains far below the potential yield to be attained. This is partly due to low soil fertility management, inappropriate agronomic packages and diseases and pest problems. Hence, this experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of blended NPS rates on growth, yield and yield...
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Great numbers of masses all over the nation suffer due to an unsustainable source of livelihoods, but the adoption of agroforestry farming system may be recognized as a control factor in addressing this challenge to some extent because of its economic values. In view of this, the study investigated determinants of agro-forestry practices among arable crop farmers in Egbedore Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria....
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Development of agro-technique is one of the basic conservation strategies for sustainable development and use of plant wealth. Keeping in view the immense importance of agro-techniques the present study was carried out to develop agro-techniques for an important orchid species (Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D.Don) Soo.) so as to conserve this prized plant species under ex- situ conditions.Present study revealed that mixture of...
Hydraulic Performance Assessment of Mychew Small Scale Irrigation Scheme, North Ethiopia
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Performance assessment of irrigation schemes network is very essential in taking different water management strategies. However, the performance of Mychew irrigation scheme was not assessed and hence, this research was undertaken to assess the hydraulic performance of Mychew small scale irrigation scheme. Moreover, identification of the cause and effect for mal-functionality of irrigation structures was also another...
RESPONSE OF EXOTIC WHEAT GENOTYPES FOR YIELD ASSOCIATED TRAITS UNDER WATER DEFICIT CONDITION
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A field experiment was conducted at the experimental area of Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA), Tandojam, during the year 2015-2016 in order to check yield potential of advance lines, which obtained from International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA) along with one local check variety (Khirman) under drought condition. The experiment was laid out in a complete block design with three...
Morphological and reproductive characterization of developed mutants in groundnut
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Twenty eight established groundnut mutants and two check cultivars were studied during Kharif-I (March-July) season of 2012 and 2013 to find out their variability and distinct character(s) as identifying keys. All the mutant lines showed erect type sequential branching habits with two seeds in each pod although they had shown significant variability in all vegetative and reproductive structures. According to cluster...
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The study was conducted in Debrekidan basin, Debrekidan watershed Hawzen district, and eastern zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, to identify bio-physical and socio-economic factors that affect forage production at watershed level and develop System dynamics modeling software (STELLA) at basin level. Individual interview, group discussions and visual observations were used to collect livestock feed resources assessment of...
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Cattle are one of the limited resources that lead to an increase in the wealth of the farming community to sustain their livelihoods in the study area. However, there is a complication between climate attributes frequent change and existing cattle production systems. The study was conducted to assess climate change scenarios and cattle production interaction in mixed farming areas Bale highlands. Field observations and...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moisture content and wheat variety on some engineering properties of wheat grain widely cultivated in India. In the present investigation, three varieties of wheat namely MP-1106, UP-2554 and WH-542 with moisture content ranging from 8 – 14% (w.b) were selected. The length, width and thickness of wheat varieties were in the range of 5.19 (UP- 2554) to 6.80mm...
Effect of Pooled Fertilizers and Compost on Flax Yield and Yield Parameters
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A study was conducted in Tigray region northern Ethiopia during the years 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 to see the effect of combined fertilizers and compost application on the yield and yield parameters of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications and five experimental plots treated with (N-P-S-Zn), (N-P-S), (N-P), compost and control with unit plot...
EFFECT OF MICRONUTRIENT MIXTURE ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF COTTON
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Field experiments were conducted at four locations with the objectives to formulate and evaluate a new micronutrient fertilizer mixture and/or for the improvement of the existing mixture aiming at balanced fertilization to cotton. The experiments were conducted two locations of rainfed cotton at Aruppukottai, Kovilpatti (variety) and two locations of irrigated hybrid at coimbatore during 2010-11 in Randomized block design...
Development of a modified axial flow paddy thresher
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An axial flow thresher was modified to maintain the seed quality in terms of broken grains. The machine got fabricated from local market and its performance was studied on paddy PR-118 to ascertain the effect of cylinder speed, louver angles and feed rate on threshing efficiency, cleaning efficiency, broken grains, grain output, rate of crop flow, non collectable loss and power requirement. The louver angles, cylinder...
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The study was conducted with the objectives of assessing the current camel milk production, determining the prevalence, major Bacterial pathogens and associated risk factor of camel mastitis. For this study 100 households and 384 camels were selected randomly. Questionnaire survey was administered to camel holder households to collect data on management practices, knowledge of camel mastitis, treatment attempts and...
Morphological traits based diversity in selected clones of Sugarcane (SaccharumofficinaruL.)
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Genetic diversity is indispensable to sustain genetic gain in breeding programmes. Present investigation in search of genetically diverse clones was conducted in Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two replications at Zonal Agriculture Research Station (ZARS), Vishweshwaraiah Canal Farm, Mandya, Karnataka, India. Based on Mahalanobis D2 statistic thirty five clones were grouped into eight clusters of which,...
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Compaction has been a major challenge facing farmers involved in agricultural farming due to its negative effect on soil structure, texture, root development and water movement in soils. Hydraulic and physical soil properties could be adversely affected by compaction due to cattle treading. The aim of this work is to study the effects of cattle treading on soil physical and hydraulic properties on a typical cattle farm in...
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A field experiment was conducted to estimate combining ability and to identify direction and magnitude of standard heterosis in mid-altitude maize test crosses for grain yield and yield related traits. Eighteen inbred lines and four single cross testers were crossed in line x tester mating design during the 2014 main cropping season. The resulting 72 F1 crosses and three standard checks (BH543, BH546 and BH547) were...
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A field experiment was conducted to study the association of characters among green pod yield and yield-related traits in chili (Capsicum annum L.) accessions in Ethiopia, during the off-season period from December 3, 2015 to June 15, 2016 under flood irrigation at the Adet Agricultural Research Centre. The experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design with three replications. The correlation and path...
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Plantain is one of the most important sources of food in the African lowlands stretching from the lowlands of Guinea and Liberia to the central basin of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo). Because plantain cultivars do not produce seeds, plantain cultivation is based on vegetatively transplanted lateral shoots/suckers. The way by which plantain reached the African continent is still under speculation. The aim of...
Review on land management practices on the provision of ecosystem services: the case of Ethiopia
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Abstract The influence of land management practices on provisioning, regulating, supporting and cultural/societal ecosystem services were identified through appraises and synthesis of previous research results. Implemented land management practices in the country have positive influences on the majority of ecosystem services except provision services on crop productivity. This might be due to, physical soil and water...
UTILIZATION OF CASSAVA WASTES FOR VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS: AN OVERVIEW
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Different categories of wastes and residues generated during cassava processing must be properly managed so as not to constitute environmental hazard. The huge cost of treatment and disposal create avenue for alternative uses to be explored. This study reviewed the various value added products which can be produced from cassava wastes substrate as feed-stock for bio-energy. Theoretically, it was estimated that one kilogram...
Public spending and agricultural growth in Nigeria: Evidenced from the southwest region
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Over the years sustainable budget has been a contentious issue in Nigeria economic development. Few have argued that the concept of budget is associated with sustainable development because the coverage of sustainability related concepts is also in the purview of government expenditure. This study examines agricultural public spending in Nigeria and its significance to agricultural growth and development, using Ondo State...
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The present experiment was carried out at the Horticulture Research Farm of the Department of Horticulture ,Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India during the year 2016-1017. The plant to plant and row to row spacing were maintained at 30x60 cm respectively. The experiment was carried under Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. A single standard variety (kasha Pragati) released...
Co-Fungal biotransformation of corn cobs into a protein enriched substrate
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Escalation in the price of feed ingredients in developing countries has necessitated the exploitation of readily available agricultural waste for feed formulation. The aim of the study was the bioconversion of corn cob into a protein enriched substrate by fungal fermentation. The chemical composition of mono and co-fungal treated corn cob was determined by standard chemical methods respectively. In mono and co-fungal...
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The effect of different plucking interval of 7, 10, and 14 days and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur (NPKS) fertilizer rate of 0, 50, 75, 100 and 200 kg ha-1year-1 on tea, Camellia sinensis (L) O. Kuntze was studied. Regardless of the fertilizer rate, all the fertilizer treatments produced significantly higher mean yield and table rise as compared to no fertilizer application. Results also showed that the largest...
Management of stem and root rot disease of lentil through soil amendment with tricho-compost
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The efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum based Tricho-inocula, Tricho-compost and seed treating chemical fungicide Provax was tested against foot and root rot diseases of lentil caused by Sclerotium rolfsii and Fusarium oxysporum in two different agro-ecological zones of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur and Pulses Research Station, Madaripur of Bangladesh. Tricho-compost was prepared with a mixed...
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