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The demand for crop residues is rising in response to increasing consumption of animal protein while productivity of natural pastures is declining because of adverse effects of climate change and population pressure on land. Although use of fodder crop is a potential option to natural pastures their fodder potentials need to be assessed. Five cowpeas and a maize variety were studied with the aim of evaluating their forage...
Ethics in agriculture: The case of Iran
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In recent decades, degradation of natural resources (soil, water etc.) due to human actions causes environmental movements like environmental ethics. Environmental ethic theories emphasize a value-base of environmental behaviors. It seems that value-based factors such as moral norms and value orientations can affect human’ attitudes and behaviors. Farmers have direct relationship with environment resources such as soil,...
Performance of a small wind turbine in water pumping for rural area in the south of Brazil
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This study presents an evaluation on the performance of a water pumping system with a small wind turbine used in the energy supply on a small farm. The equipment was installed at project CASA, located at the State University of West Parana (UNIOESTE) in the city of Cascavel-PR. In this paper is presented the implementation of the system and it emphasizes the determination of the energy development in the system adopted,...
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A research to examine the repellent effect of snake bean (Swartzia madagascariensis) pod powder on maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) on stored maize (Zea mays)grain was carried out in Women’s University in Africa farm laboratory in Marondera from March to May 2015 (3 months). A bioassay consisting of a rectangular flat-bottomed container was used to evaluate the repellence of S. madagascariensis. Two small...
Gene expression in dry maize seeds and in seeds submitted to low germination temperature
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This research aimed to study the expression of genes that are known for their importance in plant tolerance to low temperatures. The study was conducted in dry maize seed and subjected to sub optimal germination temperature. Four lines of maize seeds were used, two being classified as susceptible to low temperature (44 and 54) and two tolerant to low temperature (64 and 91). Water content and germination tests were...
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This study attempts to analyze macro consequences of international donor organizations’ intervention in observed African states in terms of agricultural loan volumes. Particularly, I studied how international donor organizations’ assistance to agricultural sector in African states gave impetus of the agricultural credit expansion. My hypothesis is based on the demand following theory of Patrick (1966) that is explained...
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Physical and mechanical properties of locust beans are necessary for the design of equipment to handle, transport, process and store the crop. The properties were evaluated as a function of moisture content of locust beans. The locust seeds were tested for size and shape, true density, bulk density, porosity, sphericity, static coefficient of friction on plywood, aluminium and stainless, angle of repose and specific heat...
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Insurance policies with deductibles could to some extend alleviate moral hazard and adverse selection problems under asymmetric information. However, in the crop insurance market farmers tend to prefer insurance policies with high deductibles. This paper stated asymmetric information problem in crop insurance markets through classical literature reviews, and pointed out the effect of insurance policies with deductibles on...
Genetic Diversity of Durum Wheat of Landraces Northwest of Iran in Term of Low Molecular Weight
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To study the genetic diversity land races durum wheat in terms of agronomic traits and low molecular weight, glutenin test was carried out in agricultural research station of Ardebil Islamic Azad University in the crop year 2011-2012. 34 wheat grain land races plant material, including the North West area of Ardabil were prepared. Test complete block design with three replications in the agricultural sector, along with...
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Field experiment was conducted at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Ibadan and Ikene substation during the 2012 rainy season to study the effect of variety, Nitrogen fertilizer Rates on the growth and yield of four yellow cassava varieties. Four (4) IITA yellow cassava varieties (IITA TMS01/1412, IITA TMS 01/1368, IITA TMS 01/1371 and IITA TMS 01/1593), 3 fertilizer rates (0kg/ha, 400kg/ha and 600kg/ha)...
FOOD SAFETY POLICIES ADOPTED BY FOOD BUISNESS OPERATORS –A REVIEW.
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Food safety is a scientific discipline and includes all processes that the food product moves through like handling, preparation, and storage of food with the ultimate aim of producing safe food.
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Soil acidity is one of chemical soil degradation problems which affect productivity of the soil in Ethiopian highlands. The purpose of this research was to identify the status of soil acidity and determine the amount of lime requirement for neutralization to increase plant nutrient availability in Welmera woreda, Oromia region. More specifically the study pointed out statistically, the nutrient availability before and...
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Abstract A Field experiment was conducted at Zigau, Shira Local Government Area of Bauchi State to study the productivity of lowland rice as influenced by season and sowing method. Lowland rice variety FARO 44 (Sippi 692033) was used during the study. The treatments consisted of two seasons (dry and wet) and four different sowing methods (Transplanting, Dibbling, Drilling and Broadcasting). This gave eight treatment...
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Climate change is a threat to the environment as the whole and to agriculture in particular. It aggravates drought, pests, diseases, and other related environmental shocks and impacts the dimension of food security. This study has been depended on cross-sectional data that was collected from 155 sample households from November to December, 2016. Thus, the main objective of the study was to identify determinants of...
Fluctuation in Coffee Production and Implicatiion for Development in Noni Sub-Division
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Coffee cultivation is one of the main economic activity which is carried out by most farmers in some rural areas in Cameroon and is a major source of livelihood. Over the years, the prices of coffee in the world market have been descouraging. Using primary and secondary sources of data, focus group discussion, this study investigates coffee cultivation in the Noni Sub-Division from the 1990s to 2014. It also looks at the...
RESPONSE OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L) TO INTERMITTENT WATER APPLICATION UNDER TROPICAL SAVANNA CONDITION
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Tropical regions usually experience intermittent rainfall and this affects maize production in most tropical countries where irrigation facilities are inadequate. The pot experiment was conducted at the School of agriculture Teaching and research Farm, University of cape Coast, to investigate the effect of intermittent water application on maize growth and yield parameters. A randomized complete block design was used with...
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Smallholder irrigation farming is transformative to poor households as they improve livelihoods and alleviate poverty but little has been done to quantify their profitability. This present study assessed the profitability of smallholder irrigated crop farmers in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa and ascertained their profitability determinants. A multi-stratified technique was employed to select a total of 200...
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The Pink Disease is caused by the fungus Erythricium salmonicolor (Berk & Broome) Burdsall. It attacks broad hosts such as cocoa, coffee, citrus Eucalyptus spp. and Acasia spp. An outbreak of similar disease symptoms on cocoa trees in the Eastern region of Ghana has been a threat to the cocoa industry. The causal organism of the disease in the Eastern region has not been properly identified. A study was therefore conducted...
Evaluation of Sapindus saponaria leaf extract against papaya anthracnose
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Chemical fungicides provide primary means for controlling postharvest fungal decay of fruit and vegetables. Continuous use of fungicides faces two major obstacles — increasing public concern regarding contamination of perishables with fungicidal residues, and proliferation of resistance in the pathogen populations. Recently, the exploitation of natural products to control decay and prolong storage life of perishables has...
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Abstract Access to irrigation is believed to be the major intervention area to pull net poor farm households out of poverty, though significant improvements were not recorded amid government’s concentrated efforts towards it. This study aims to evaluate the impact of irrigation farming on rural households’ production efficiency and poverty reduction in East Gojjam zone of Amhara region, Ethiopia using rigorous...
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The research was conducted to determine the effect of various inclusion level of enzyme supplemented rumen digesta in broiler diets. A total of one hundred and eighty (180) day old un-sexed cobbs from Zatec were used for the study. The chicks were randomly allocated into five (5) dietary treatment groups of thirty six (36) birds per treatment and replicated four times with nine (9) birds per replicate in a Completely...
Glyphosate associated with micronutrients in weed control and yield of soybeans and corn
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Increased productivity, cost reduction and improvement in logistic application makes the association product with glyphosate is an increasingly common practice for farmers. The objective was to investigate the grain yield and weed control in response to application of glyphosate and micronutrients mixed in the spray solution in different cultivars of soybean and corn hybrids. Two experiments were carried in the 2011/2012...
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This study compared the gains obtained using different indexes of selection in segregating populations of soybean. A total of 381 progenies were evaluated in 28 augmented Federer blocks. Parameters evaluated: number of days to flowering, number of days to maturity, first pod height, plant height at maturity, lodging, agronomic value, number of branches, number of nodes, number of pods and grain yield per plant. Selection...
Effect of different potassium levels on performance of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids
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An experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm of The University of Agriculture Peshawar during summer 2016. Hybrids (WS-666, SB-92K97, and SB-909) and Potassium (K) levels (0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 kg ha-1) laid out in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement. Hybrids were allotted to main plots and potassium levels to subplots. Sowing was performed on 10 July. Each experimental unit was 3m x...
Influence of meteorological parameters on spring bread wheat genotypes in Mazandaran (North of IRAN)
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This study was carried out to evaluated the effect of meteorological parameters data in five years on six wheat genotypes yield. These data were collected with yield of wheat in Biekola research station in 2011- 2016. Three methods were used to analyze the data. In combined analysis, obtained significant difference for years, genotypes and their interaction at 1% level. Morvarid and N-91-7 had the most yield in 2015-2016....
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Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] an important food crop in Ethiopia is ranked second for “injera†quality next to tef. However, the productivity of sorghum is constrained by many biotic and abiotic factors amongst striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth is the most specialized root-parasitic weed inflicting serious injury by depriving water, minerals and photosynthesis from the host. Striga hermonthica is becoming the...
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In the high lands of Ethiopia, weed causes considerable yield losses on wheat production due to absence of better management options for the producers. This also true, in the highlands of Guji Zone, Southern Oromia. Field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different Post-Emergence herbicides to Control wild oat and other grass weeds in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at Bore Agricultural Research Center on...
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Poverty reduction in Ethiopia is one of the key priorities for sustainable development. In line with this, the government of Ethiopia has designed to undertake construction of irrigation dams from small-scale up to large-scale irrigation scheme so as to reduce the frequent drought, food insecurity and poverty problems. Koga large-scale irrigation is part of these initiatives for rural farmers and intended to achieve...
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Head Cabbage (Brassicae oleracea var. capitata Linnaeus) is one of the most important vegetable crops under cultivation throughout the world, especially in Africa including Ethiopia. Cabbage aphides (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) are sap sucking insect pests that damage head cabbages. Growers use synthetic chemicals to control cabbage aphids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Azadirachta indicae (A.Juss),...
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Abstract Temperate fruits (Apple, Pear, Plum, Peach and Almond etc.) are deciduous fruit trees that grow well in temperate climate zones where most commercial varieties fulfill their required chilling temperature. Recently though, because of the low average temperatures, these crops are found to be grown well in the highlands of Ethiopia. Amongst the areas that have greater significance in this aspect is North Shewa zone,...
Adaptability Evaluation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes at western Ethiopia.
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Fifteen common bean genotypes were tested at four environments with two management regimes of lime treated and lime untreated on acidic soils. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications during 2016/17cropping season. The combined analysis of variance over environments showed significant differences among Environments, Genotypes, Genotype x Environment interaction (GEI), Management, Genotype by...
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Currently, inorganic nitrogen fertilizer becomes a serious threat to the environment and human health. Thus, finding of alternate source of nitrogen is a viable option in assuring of sustainable agricultural system. Biological nitrogen fixation is a critical and key process in sustainable agricultural systems in tropical soils, which are frequently deficient in N and susceptible to leaching of plant nutrients. This process...
REALIZED HERITABILITY AND GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION IN CAMELINA SATIVA (L.) CRANTZ
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Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz is a drought and cold tolerant crop and has high amount of α-linolenic acid. But its full potential has not been explored yet because of little breeding work done for its genetic improvement. In present study, a moderate realized heritability (39%) was obtained for yield indicating that direct selection for yield could be effective for making improvement. Seed yield was also found to be...
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The study was conducted in the green houses of faculty of Agriculture\ University of wassit under protected agriculture conditions during the winter season 2013-2014, due to the environmental conditions of Wassit to know the possibility of cultivating and producing okra, studying perfect irrigation periods using drip irrigation technology. The period between an irrigation and another was 3-5-7 days, and studying the effect...
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Eurycoma longifolia is a potent remedy that has been traditionally used for male libido, sexual prowess and fertility improvement in South-East Asia. Conventional propagation via seed germination is the most common method of E. longifolia propagation and like other woody plants it is usually unsatisfactory because of low rate of seed germination. Therefore establishment of a tissue culture technique for rapid and effective...
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In order to study the effects of Barley washed out wastewater with different levels of inorganic fertilizers on growth, Yield and Yield Components of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Pot experiment was conducted during February–July, 2014 under greenhouse condition at Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center. Factorial combination of five levels of irrigation water and four levels of NP fertilizers rate were used as...
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A split plot experiment with three replications on the bases of randomized complete block design was conducted in the research field of the university of Zanjan in 2013, to evaluate the effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) application rates as a NO donor (0, 100 and 200 µM) in improvement of growth and yield parameters of milk thistle under different times of withholding irrigation (Control, stem elongation stress and...
Ethiopian Dairy Sector Focusing on Ethiopian Traditional Butter: A Review
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Ethiopia is believed to have the largest cattle population in Africa. The total annual milk production from cattle has been estimated at 3.5 billion liters from 11.38 million milking cows. As a result, cows’ milk is the focus of milk processing in Ethiopia. In Ethiopia the base of milk processing is fermented milk (Ergo), with no defined starter cultures used to initiate it. In Ethiopia only 6.6% of the total milk...
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Abstract Faba bean (Vicia faba (L).); is one of the important legume crops of the world, mainly it is cash crop and used as nutritious human food in the developing countries. It is important source of nitrogen in the human diet and corrects the important amino acid deficiencies in cereals. It is considered too low in productivity and chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae), is one of the economically important fungal disease. Seed...
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In view to regulate the frequency in overstocked forest of Brazilian Pine, this study aimed to verify the morphometric indices and model of the interdimensional relations for Brazilian pine in South Brazil. The study was developed in three forest sites: Panel (PNL), São Joaquim (SJQ) and Urupema (URU). This study evaluated 70 individual trees in each forest site measured the circumference at breast height (CBH) and later...
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Majority of the households in Mali depend on rain-fed agriculture for their food production. However, over reliance on rain-fed agriculture limits the production output due to unreliable rainfall and drought. To mitigate this, the government of Mali has invested in rehabilitation of irrigation schemes to reduce dependence on rainfall. Through adoption of appropriate irrigation technologies and improved agronomic management...
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The study assessed women involvement in cassava based agricultural transformation in Nwangele Area and discussed emerging issues for gender generation studies in Imo State, Nigeria. The study described the women farmers’ socio-economic characteristics, ascertained cassava production activities among farmers, assessed costs and returns on cassava production. The study also determined constraints to women involvement in...
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Sunflower has a broad value chain, which makes it an important crop in South Africa’s agribusiness sector. The purpose of this study is to examine market participation among smallholder sunflower farmers of Sekhukhune District, Limpopo Province South Africa. To analyse data logistic Regression Model was used. The objectives of the study were to analyse the socio-economic factors that affect market participation of...
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This research was aimed to investigate the effect of sowing date and irrigation regimes on phytochemical attributes of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) seed. The study was conducted in a split-split plot randomized block design includes two sowing date (15th and 30th July), 4 irrigation regimes and 3 genotypes with three replication for two seasons (2015 and 2016). The seeds were harvested and ethanolic extraction were...
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The study was survey aimed at assessing pesticide application practices and sprayer types adopted by cocoa farmers in South West Nigeria towards ensuring minimum pesticide usage and appropriate choice of sprayer for different farm operation for sustainable cocoa production in the study area. It specifically examined the application practices, choice of sprayer, determination of pesticide concentration, time of spraying,...
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ABSTRACT The study analyzed efficiency of latex production and labour productivity in rubber plantations in Edo and Delta States, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to examine socio- economic characteristics of rubber farmers, determine the profitability of latex production and ; determine the technical efficiency of factors employed in latex production. Primary data were collected from 300 rubber farmers using a multi...
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Antibacterial activities of a mixture of three plant extracts (Vangueria infausta, Peltophorum africanum and Eucalyptus globulus) were first evaluated using disc diffusion assay. Fermentation of two doses of the plant extract mixture (PE1and PE2; 0.3 and 0.6 g kg–1 of feed, respectively) were then compared in vitro with non-supplemented dairy cow’s basal diet and basal diet plus monensin (32 mg kg–1 of feed). Gas...
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Cerrado biome is characterized by acid soils which can limit productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the residual effect of the application of lime and gypsum on soil chemical properties under two managements systems. The experimental design was randomized blocks with a split-plot design. The plots received levels of conventional and no-tillage management system factors. Subplots received applications of...
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Abstract The compatibility analysis in intercropping is an important aspect while studying field crops to increase productivity per unit area. However, the lack of information on intercropping compatibility forces a user to employ the varieties developed only for sole cropping conditions. This study estimated the relative importance of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) in advanced inbred...
Effect of harvesting times on agronomic characteristics of industrial cassava genotypes
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Cassava is widely cultivated in Brazil. However, low-yield genotypes coupled with inappropriate harvest times lead to the country's low average yield. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of cassava genotypes at different harvest times in the Recôncavo region of Bahia. The experiment was conducted during two crop cycles in Cruz das Almas, Bahia, with eight cassava genotypes and four...
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